Preferred Fiber & Materials Matrix

What is the Preferred Fiber and Materials Matrix (PFMM)?

The PFMM is an interactive tool that gives the owners of sustainability standards systems a way to view their performance in a standardized way and toward a shared “direction of travel” for beneficial impact, while also helping brands to make informed material sourcing decisions.

How is the PFMM structured?

All standards systems in the tool (sorted A-Z under each material type) are assessed on a 100-point scale and divided across five performance levels, from zero to four.

How can scores be viewed?

Select a material such as “cotton” and an impact area such as “climate,” and you will be able to view the scoring for each of the indicators (%), a description of performance, and the overall “roll-up” score for the impact area.

How does it work for combined standard systems?

For combined standard systems (e.g., EU Organic Regulation + GOTS, for Wool), the overall impact area score and indicator-level score are shown for each of the standard systems and for the combination of the two.

The combined impact area score for two standard systems is the aggregate of the overall impact area scores for each standard system.

How are scores calculated?

The overall impact area scores are determined by a weighting of 50% for the quantitative indicators and 50% for the qualitative indicators. Note that only Climate, Water and Chemicals impact areas have quantitative indicators, and therefore all other impact areas are scored on qualitative indicators only.

Where the matrix shows a hyphen “-” for a given impact area or indicator, this indicates that no assessment has taken place because the criteria is deemed “not applicable” according to our methodology.

How should the PFMM be used?

The tool is designed to assess the performance of standard systems within a material category. As such, we recommend that comparisons are not made across different material categories.

The tool will continue to undergo further developments and updates into the future, and the scores are subject to change.

Please note, the PFMM is not intended to be used to make marketing claims.

For further details on the methodology, please refer to the methodology document available here or the “About the Tool” tab shown at the top right of this page.

 

Baseline

Standard systems with impact areas scoring in this banding may be characterized by lower environmental and/or social impact; however, not enough criteria are met, or evidence is lacking to progress to level 1. While there may be some positive actions, there will be factors limiting performance, such as not having management and monitoring procedures in place.

Foundational

Standard systems with impact areas scoring in this banding may be characterized by some initiative being demonstrated generally focused on risk mitigation and harm reduction. Management plans are focused on the communication and collective understanding of impact, underpinned by monitoring that evaluates pressures on the system in question. 

Improved

Standard systems with impact areas scoring in this banding may be characterized by engagement in comprehensive harm reduction and/or steps toward demonstrable beneficial outcomes. Ambition is demonstrated through the implementation of actions that are site attuned, reviewed annually, and incorporate adaptive responses.

Progressive

Standard systems with impact areas scoring in this banding may be characterized by clear commitments to positive outcomes. Experts and relevant stakeholders are consulted in best-practice implementation and goal setting. Harm reduction and beneficial outcomes are established for areas outside of the production unit, and continuous improvement is essential. 

Transformational

Standard systems with impact areas scoring in this banding may be characterized by regenerative and/or circular actions that holistically address challenges that arise. Impacts are quantified where possible and tangible impact reduction and/or beneficial outcomes are being measured over the long term. Long-term goals are set and tracked for both the production unit and the surrounding areas.  

The table below outlines the tier of the supply chain assessed for each standard system. Where chain of custody is not assessed for a standard system, it is because the standard predominantly operates at one level of the supply chain – therefore chain of custody is not included in the scope.

 

Select material
Cotton
Cotton
Synthetics
MMCF
Flax
Wool
Climate
Water
Chemistry
Land Use
Biodiversity
Resource Use and Waste
Human Rights
Initiative Integrity
Better Cotton F, IP MB, CoC
Cotton made in Africa (CmiA) F, IP MB, CoC
Operates in Africa only
Fairtrade Cotton F, IP CoC, MB
EU Organic Cotton F
Fairtrade Cotton
F, IP MB, CoC
GOTS
IP CoC
EU Organic Cotton F
Fairtrade Cotton F, IP MB, CoC
GOTS Certified IP CoC
EU Organic Cotton F
GOTS
IP CoC
EU Organic Cotton F
GOTS Certified IP CoC
EU Organic Cotton F
OCS
IP CoC
EU Organic Cotton F
OCS Certified IP CoC
ISCC EU F IP CoC
MyBMP F MB
Operates in Australia only
Recycled Cotton – GRS Certified R CoC
Recycled Cotton – RCS Certified R CoC
CottonConnect REEL Code of Conduct F IP CoC
CottonConnect REEL Regenerative Code F IP CoC
Responsible Brazilian Cotton (ABR) F
Operates in Brazil only
US Cotton Trust Protocol FMB, CoC Operates in the US only
Cotton with no standard system F
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Emission Management
Emission Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Emission Strategy
Climate Mitigation
Climate Adaptation
Protection of Peat Soils and Below-Ground Carbon Stocks
Protection of Above-Ground Carbon Stocks
Evidence of Soil Carbon Sequestration
Global Warming Potential [Higg MSI]
Abiotic Resource Depletion, Fossil Fuels  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Water Risk Management
Water Monitoring (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Water Monitoring (Contamination)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Impacts of Oil and Gas Extraction on Surface and Groundwater
Water Scarcity [Higg MSI] 
Water Consumption  [Higg MSI]
Eutrophication potential [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Chemical Management Procedures
Chemical Management Practices
Chemical Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Chemical Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Chemical Strategy
Chemistry  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Soil Health Management
Soil Health Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Soil Health Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Soil Health Strategy
Soil Beneficial Practices for Cropping Systems
Land Management Planning
Ambitiousness of Land Strategy
Deforestation
Land Conversion
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Biodiversity Management Planning
Biodiversity Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Biodiversity Strategy
Habitat and Ecosystem Diversity
Habitat Protection and Restoration
Species and Genetic Diversity
Attention to Invasive Species
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Reducing Waste in Production Processes
Maximizing Values of Waste Streams
Consumption Through Feedstock Selection
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Wages and working conditions
Forced Labor
Child Labor
Non-discrimination
Freedom of Association
Occupational Health and Safety
Livelihoods: predictability and stability of income
Indigenous peoples and customary land rights
Land rights
Community consultation and engagement (right to participation)
Enabling environment for human rights realization
Grievance and remedy
Prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence and harassment
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Theory of Change
Standard-setting procedures
Governance
Claims management
Assurance oversight
Enforcement mechanism
Risk management
Feedback, Complaints & Grievances
Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning system

13%

0%

Better Cotton producers are not required to implement climate or emissions management plans – while climate considerations may be part of the Continuous Improvement Plan, there is no threshold to meet in implementation and review only takes place once every 5 years.

13%

While general monitoring is an important aspect of the Better Cotton management system, the current principles do not require producers to conduct emission monitoring. Better Cotton is however demonstrating actions towards introducing GHG emission monitoring and strategy through the Delta Framework for scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions. In addition, the program management plans respond to the monitoring results and set clear climate targets.

50%

Emission reduction targets are one of the five core prioritized impact targets for Better Cotton. A continuous improvement plan against set targets is required and measured against.

25%

Climate Change Mitigation practices are demonstrated as key principles for Better Cotton. Producers are required to demonstrate climate mitigation practices through improving fertilizer management and managing soil carbon.

25%

Climate Change Adaptation practices are demonstrated as key principles for Better Cotton. Producers are required to demonstrate climate adaptation practices through soil practices.

25%

Better Cotton requires producers to use an HCV assessment to identify, and maintain such values on the production unit – below-ground carbon stocks qualify as they are a focal point of HCV II and III: Landscape-level ecosystem mosaics and Ecosystems and Habitats [respectively].

25%

Better Cotton requires producers to use an HCV assessment to identify, maintain and monitor those values relating to above-ground carbon stocks.

38%

Better Cotton requires producers to conduct soil type and texture determinations to evidence soil carbon sequestration measures.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

20%

38%

Better Cotton producers are required to adopt a Water Management Plan to optimize water use for both irrigated and rain-fed crops. The plan must show an understanding of water resources, soil moisture management, irrigation methods, and the quality of surface and groundwater.

25%

Better Cotton producers are required to uphold good water stewardship practices; understanding their own water use, the catchment context and the shared risk in terms of water governance, water balance and important water-related areas.

25%

Better Cotton producers are required to uphold good water stewardship practices; understanding the catchment context and the shared risk in terms of water governance, water quality and important water-related areas.

50%

Water health is named as a prioritized outcome for Better Cotton. Producers are required to develop and implement a Continuous Improvement Plan [CIP]. Although the CIP does not require specific water-related measures, the Water Management Plan does demonstrate collective, sustainable decisions and improvements on water quantity.

50%

Water health is named as a prioritized outcome for Better Cotton. Producers are required to develop and implement a Continuous Improvement Plan [CIP]. Although the CIP does not require specific water related measures, the Water Management Plan does demonstrate collective, sustainable decisions and improvements on water quality.

25%

Better Cotton producers are required to understand water availability to better manage water resources. Surface/groundwater is outlined as a priority in this context.

25%

Better Cotton producers are required to understand water quality to better manage water resources. Surface/groundwater quality is outlined as a priority with salinity test as corresponding criteria.

70%

Cotton feedstock is 100% biobased, however, Better Cotton currently do not have any commitments to renewable energy sources to be utilized by the producer, therefore contributing to oil and gas extraction.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

25%

Cotton with no standard system scores 25% better than Cotton Made in Africa in the likelihood of eutrophication during production – as no LCA data in the MSI is available for Better Cotton, cotton with no standard system figures are used.

22%

38%

Better Cotton requires producers to adopt an IPM [Integrated Pest Management] with an emphasis on avoiding pesticide application at all costs. Better Cotton also requires producers to adhere to the restricted chemicals list, along with category 1 and category 2 of phased-out chemicals.

25%

Better Cotton mandates that appropriate PPE is used when handling pesticides. Better Cotton’s Prohibited Pesticide List aligns with the Stockholm Convention, Rotterdam Convention and Montreal Protocol. In addition, Producer Units are required to hold an effective management system in place to measure against indicators and continuous improvement. An Integrated Pest Management [IPM] strategy is required and includes training, awareness-raising and monitoring. Evidence should be available on qualified handlers of pesticides, training and how the requirements are met.

50%

Although Better Cotton producers are not required to conduct chemical monitoring actions, chemical restrictions align with the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and substances listed in the annexes of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer [a protocol of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer].

50%

Better Cotton demonstrates continuous improvement methods by ongoing reviews of chemical restriction lists, adding new criteria when appropriate.

55%

Better Cotton names chemical discharge as a prioritized outcome, eliminating the use of high-toxicity pesticides and increasing the use of natural pest control – prioritizing organic pesticides [such as neem oil] with low toxicity and high efficacy against multiple target pests.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

35%

38%

Better Cotton requires the development and implementation of a soil management plan. Good soil management practices are required to maintain and enhance soil structure and fertility, in order to achieve optimal conditions for plant growth.

25%

The soil management plan required for Better Cotton producers defines the quantity and timing of available nutrients and should be based on a combination of soil and plant analyses.

50%

Soil health is named as a prioritized outcome for Better Cotton producers and demonstrated continuous improvement plan.

50%

Better Cotton demonstrates prioritized outcomes for soil microbial health, soil carbon cycle, soil structural health, soil water cycle and soil nutrient cycle. Although chemical use is considered, soil chemical balance is not evidenced as a prioritized outcome.

12%

Beneficial Soil health practices are required for Better Cotton producers, namely, crop rotation.

38%

Better Cotton requires land management practices through the Better Cotton Biodiversity Enhancement & Land Use principles. Producers must identify degraded areas and define ways to restore and enhance them. Additionally, in the case of any proposed conversion from non-agricultural land to agricultural land, Better Cotton High Conservation Value risk-based simplified approach must be implemented.

50%

Better Cotton names land health in the form of HCV’s and their continued enhancement as a priority outcome in the certification.

50%

Better Cotton requires producers to identify risks due to expansion. In addition, Better Cotton requires the use of the HCV assessment to identify,
maintain and monitor those values over time.

50%

The cutoff date for land conversion held by Better Cotton is January 1, 2016. Land conversion occurring prior to 2016 shall be considered for the BCI license, subject to compliance with local legal requirements for land use change in existence at the time of conversion. This allowance is consistent with the requirement of the Better Cotton Standard at that time.

31%

50%

Better Cotton requires producers to adopt a Biodiversity Management Plan that conserves and enhances biodiversity on and surrounding the farm, including: Identifying and mapping biodiversity resources, identifying and restoring degraded areas, enhancing populations of beneficial insects as per the Integrated Pest Management plan, ensuring crop rotation and protecting riparian areas.

50%

Biodiversity identification and mapping is required for all Better Cotton producers through local or national collaboration. In the case of conversion of non-agricultural land to agricultural land, identifying and mapping biodiversity can be combined with the HCV assessment, which also includes resources identification to maximize efficiency.

50%

Biodiversity is named as a prioritized outcome for Better Cotton producers, considering the impact of expansion and restoration practices. A Continuous Improvement Planning process is required by all Better Cotton producers, identifying priority areas for the producer to adapt the Biodiversity Management Plan.

50%

Better Cotton producers must have plans in place for the protection and recovery of buffer zones, riparian areas, native species and corridors.

0%

Better Cotton is exploring landscape approaches through Adaptation to Landscape Approach [ATLA] project. The purpose of the ATLA project is to help Better Cotton identify opportunities to evolve its approach and systems to support work at landscape or jurisdictional level in areas where this can deliver the most value. Despite this, there seem to be no commitments made to set-aside a proportion of production land.

17%

Better Cotton requires produces to foster positive human-wildlife coexistence through encouraging chemical control by ensuring chemicals utilized at farm level do not contribute to degraded areas. However, in some case certain levels of chemicals are allowed by law.

0%

There is no evidence that Better Cotton requires producers to take precautions to restrict the spread of invasive species onsite.

33%

0%

For cotton production, it is important to avoid contamination of fiber during harvest, storage, transport, ginning and baling [pressing]. Better Cotton producers are required to adopt good management practices to maximize fiber quality. These could include harvest management and general hygiene, choice of materials, how and where cotton is stored, and how cotton is transported – though no requirements on reducing waste during production are present in the certification.

50%

Better Cotton producers are required to adopt good management practices for crop protection and waste management – evidence of tracking waste streams for reuse is present in Better Cotton certification

50%

Cotton is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock. However, Better Cotton makes no commitment to using recycled feedstock.

47%

18%

Better Cotton requires: adherence to minimum wages, as per the statutory national, regional minimum applicable, or the collectively agreed upon wage, and that steps are taken to improve wages over time; compliance with laws and regulations regarding breaks, collective bargaining and access to water; sharing contract details with workers, appropriate to the language and communication necessary; and that civil or temporary contracts are not exploited. MFs and LFs are expected to keep records of working hours and wages; as well as records of any accidents.

62%

Better Cotton requires adherence to ILO Convention 29: to prohibit forced labor and ensure freely employed workers; to employ a monitoring system to identify and address risks; provide secure channels to report rights violations, receive protection, and remediation; provide training and awareness programs to enhance workers’ understanding of their rights; and collaborate with local organizations including the Gender Committee. Furthermore, data collection, validation, and reporting are supported by capacity-strengthening activities such as training.

65%

Better Cotton requires adherence to ILO Conventions 138 and 182: to not employ or benefit from child labor or employ young workers to perform hazardous work; to employ a monitoring system to identify and address risks, provide secure channels to report rights violations; receive protection and remediation, provide training and awareness programs to enhance workers’ understanding of their rights; and collaborate with local organizations including the Gender Committee. Furthermore, data collection, validation, and reporting are supported by capacity-strengthening activities such as training.

54%

Better Cotton requires adherence to ILO Conventions 187 and 111, prohibiting labor discrimination in hiring, tasks, compensation, training, promotion, termination, and retirement. It employs a monitoring system to address risks and offers secure channels for reporting rights violations and obtaining protection and remediation. Training and awareness programs enhance workers’ rights awareness. Collaboration with local organizations, including the Gender Committee, is encouraged. Data collection, validation, and reporting are supported by capacity-strengthening activities.

69%

Better Cotton requires adherence to ILO Conventions 87 and 98, protecting workers’ rights to form organizations and negotiate collectively. It employs a monitoring system to address risks and offers secure channels for reporting violations and receiving protection. Training and awareness programs enhance workers’ rights understanding. Collaboration with local organizations, including the Gender Committee, is encouraged. Data collection, validation, and reporting are supported by capacity-strengthening activities.

36%

Better Cotton requires adherence to ILO Convention 155: ensure a safe environment with risk identification and mitigation; provide PPE; ensure that verifiers engage with workers; medical attention is provided; steps are taken to prevent re-occurrence; workers or representatives are informed and consulted on OSH rights, including gender sensitivity; secure channels are provided to report rights violations and receive protection and remediation; training and awareness programs enhance workers’ rights understanding and collaborate with local organizations including the Gender Committee; data collection, validation, and reporting are supported by capacity-strengthening activities.

21%

Better Cotton includes a core theory of change. Producers are required to: provide an effective program to implement, which aims to strengthen the capacities of workers through training and related activities; support workers to receive a living wage; and take steps to strengthen knowledge and awareness on workers’ rights and minimum wages, supporting income-generating and livelihood projects including gender-sensitive approaches.

35%

Better Cotton requires adherence to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with free, prior, and informed consent [FPIC] and engagement with Indigenous groups and local communities affected by operations.

35%

Better Cotton requires adherence to applicable laws and regulations relating to land rights, taking measures to identify and mitigate any social and/or environmental risks that the farm operation poses to surrounding communities and land. Producers should inform and consult with concerned and affected stakeholders to obtain free, prior, and informed consent, and provide a safe and trusted space.

56%

Better Cotton requires producers to: develop and implement a clear and locally relevant community consultation and engagement activity plan; carry out annual inclusive field-level planning and needs and priority-setting; take measures to identify and mitigate any social and/or environmental risks that the farm operation poses to surrounding communities and land; and develop and implement a monitoring plan with a feedback structure including representation from women, youth and people in vulnerable situations and/ or facing exclusion.

63%

Better Cotton requires producers to strengthen the capacity of individuals, identify key livelihood focus areas, and monitor risks. In addition, Better Cotton has demonstrated that where a weak enabling environment was identified, activities are suspended.

34%

Better Cotton requires producers to provide workers with access to impartial, effective, and secure channels to raise concerns about rights violations and grievance mechanisms and includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously. Where labor rights violations occur and grievances are raised, access to protection and remediation is available. A complaints monitoring team is in practice and for any gender-related labor rights violations or gender-related grievances, the Gender Lead or Gender Committee should be involved.

57%

Better Cotton requires producers to ensure: that there is no gender-based discrimination or violence in labor practices; that there is equality in hiring, tasks, compensation, training, promotion, termination, and retirement; a Gender Lead or Committee supports women’s participation and recognition; a monitoring plan identifies risks, and a grievance mechanism is established; data, collected through consultations, is validated and shared for learning purposes.

88%

100%

Better Cotton’s 2030 Strategy mentions the desired sustainability impacts and strategies undertaken to achieve these impacts. Measurable and time-bound Impact Targets are defined, and part of Better Cotton’s strategy is to more actively embrade their leadership position. There is an explicit link made to the Theory of Change and the position of the standard in the Theory of Change in the introduction to the Better Cotton Principles & Criteria.

75%

Better Cotton has a separate standard-setting and revision process. Its latest Principles & Criteria [v3.0] were released in 2023, to be reviewed in 2028. Non-substantive changes can be made, while substantive changes require the revision procedure. Public consultation is required for new standards [two rounds] and revisions [at least one round]. There is no mention of research going into the effectiveness of indicators in the standard.

100%

Better Cotton has a Multistakeholder Council consisting of elected members, and a Secretariat which implements the Council’s decisions. The roles and responsibilities of Secretariat members are clearly distinguished. Better Cotton is open to membership for various stakeholder types. They have a Member Code of Practice including a business integrity section, anti-trust policy, safeguarding policy, and whistleblowing policy.

100%

Better Cotton has a separate claims policy called the Better Cotton Claims Framework. It uses a mass balance system, making physical traceability of Better Cotton to end products impossible. Claims must include the definition of mass balance and the organization’s sustainable sourcing percentage. Misleading claims can lead to warnings, corrective actions, suspension, or expulsion. Better Cotton allows advanced outcome-based claims, providing a methodology for calculating impact.

58%

Better Cotton employs an assurance model that combines third-party verifier assessments with other assessments for credibility and cost-effectiveness. The model includes visits, licensing assessments, support visits, and self-assessments. Third-party verifiers undergo training. Better Cotton does not collaborate with Accreditation Bodies. Surveillance audits are conducted once within the 3-year license period, and claims management is separate from verifiers’ responsibilities.

83%

Better Cotton’s Assurance Manual outlines conformity assessments, differentiating between incidental and systemic non-conformities. Systemic non-conformities can result in certification denial or cancellation. There is no evidence of denial or cancellation of verification parties’ accreditation. Producers are motivated to comply with the standard through various mechanisms based on organization size. Certification bodies are motivated to share assessment outcomes with Better Cotton.

75%

Better Cotton requires assurance parties to conduct additional verification activities in identified risk areas. It publishes a Risk Policy that aims to identify, register, and manage risks. However, no risk map or overview was found. Risks are determined by the likelihood and impact of a threat occurring, categorized as high or low.

100%

Better Cotton has a ‘Complaints’ web page for easy filing via a form or email. The ‘Contact’ page allows stakeholders to provide feedback using a form. Better Cotton handles licensing decisions and complaints internally, and complaints related to assessors are directed to them. Stakeholders are informed of consultation moments for significant updates to the assurance system.

100%

Better Cotton’s Impact Report outlines the MEL system framework and its approach to evaluating impact. Evaluation occurs annually, comparing the results of Better Cotton Farmers to non-participating farmers. They have a Policy on Communicating Data, specifying data availability for stakeholders for what purpose. The Impact Report highlights organization activities and their contribution to the Theory of Change impacts. It serves as a progress report on sustainability goals.

35%

38%

CmiA requires producers to conduct an environmental assessment. Fuel and land use data are required in the environmental assessments.

13%

CmiA requires producers to implement a management plan. The corresponding monitoring process is reviewed annually – verified by a 3rd-party. The results are also used for remediation actions by the managing unit. The scope of the environmental assessment only extends to scope I emissions.

50%

CmiA requires producers to record measures taken by managing entities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

50%

CmiA recognizes that the changing climate will affect agricultural production and trains farmers on practices to reduce the impact of climate change: soil health practices, soil monitoring and climate resiliency training for cotton production.

75%

CmiA recognizes that the changing climate will affect agricultural production and trains farmers on practices to support against extreme weather events through: soil health practices, and rainfall storage.

25%

CmiA requires managing entities to map and identify HCV areas in and around production zones. The monitoring is for HCV’s 1-6, meaning below-ground carbon stocks qualify as they are a focal point of HCV II and III: Landscape-level ecosystem mosaics and Ecosystems and Habitats [respectively].

25%

CmiA requires managing entities to map and identify HCV areas in and around production zones. The monitoring is for HCV’s 1-6, meaning above-ground carbon stocks qualify as they are the focal point of HCV II and III: Landscape-level ecosystem mosaics and Ecosystems and Habitats [respectively].

25%

Evidence for soil carbon is most likely to be presented in the form of proxy measurements such as: soil structure and fertility as outlined in the components of a soil health management plan.

35%

Cotton Made In Africa is 35% less GHG intensive than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

39%

Cotton Made In Africa uses 39% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

50%

38%

CmiA requires a water stewardship plan that is time-bound and must have site-specific considerations such as the mapping and identification of production zone water resources.

25%

CmiA mandates the monitoring of water pressure through identifying water resources in production zones and prohibiting the extraction of surface or groundwater for production.

25%

CmiA mandates the monitoring of water pressure through identifying water resources in production zones and prohibiting the extraction of surface or groundwater for production.

25%

No use of surface or groundwater in production is mandated by CmiA in order to reduce water pressures associated from withdrawing from critical water resources.

25%

Water quality is named as a prioritized outcome in the CmiA certification. The program provides documents and training on the importance of water quality in cotton production.

50%

Surface and groundwater use are prioritized outcomes in the CmiA certification.

50%

Water quality is a prioritized outcome in the CmiA certification – with a particular focus on maintaining surface and groundwater quality despite the use of chemicals/pesticides.

63%

As a biobased feedstock, cotton doesn’t run risks of oil and gas extraction, though as no commitments to renewable energy are made in CmiA, risks of extraction contaminating water still exist.

100%

Cotton made in Africa causes 100% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

100%

Cotton made in Africa uses 100% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

Cotton made in Africa’s eutrophication potential is the highest and therefore is the baseline that other programs are measured against.

41%

63%

CmiA takes steps toward an explicit chemical management plan with its required implementation of Integrated Production and Pest Management plans [IPPMs]. The IPPM takes site-specific factors such as pesticide and application techniques into account. CmiA IPPMs are reviewed for conformance annually.

75%

CmiA outlines requirements for producers to store, handle, clean, and dispose of chemicals used in production in an appropriate manner. The standard provides training in regard to the use and care of PPE, though it is unclear if this training extends beyond PPE in focus. There is a responsible person[s] to oversee implementation of best practice in chemical handling and application. The environmental management plan, which encompasses chemical management practices, is reviewed regularly.

50%

CmiA requires managing entities to monitor the sources of the chemicals used in production, representative of measuring the state of chemical use. CmiA also requires producers to follow a widely accepted chemical ban list such as the Stockholm, Rotterdam and Montreal Conventions.

50%

CmiA requires managing entities to implement an Integrated Production and Pest Management plan [IPPM] to grow a healthy crop without the impacts of negligent chemical use. The IPPM aims to continually reduce such impacts through monitoring pests, and chemicals used and optimizing processes based on results.

30%

CmiA employs input chemical bans and prioritizes avoidance of water quality detriment through training in chemical application, with discharge into water as a focus point.

33%

Cotton Made In Africa scores 33% lower than Cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

42%

38%

CmiA requires a soil health management plan that is time-bound and must have site-specific considerations such as the mapping and identification of production zone water resources.

25%

CmiA producers are required to monitor soil for outlined soil health outcomes: structure, nutrient cycling and water retention.

50%

Soil health is named as a prioritized outcome under the CmiA certification. Continuous improvement on soil fertility, structure and water retention is required for managing entities.

33%

Soil nutrient health is outlined as a priority, measured with soil fertility testing. Additionally, soil structure is a prioritized outcome with soil erosion as the corresponding metric.

50%

CmiA requires managing entities to improve soil health through all of the outlined soil health practices: Crop Rotation, Inter and Cover-Cropping, Crop Residues and Organic Amendments, and Low-Till.

50%

CmiA requires managing entities to identify and map critical land features on/around production zones. It puts in place remediation and restoration actions, and is reviewed by 3rd-party for verification every 1-2 years.

50%

CmiA follows national legislation for actions on land use and doesn’t allow producers to grow cotton on land that is not intended for agricultural use. However, no frameworks for deforestation or land conversion cut-off dates are supplied or mandated.

50%

CmiA follows national legislation for actions on land use and doesn’t allow producers to grow cotton on land that is not intended for agricultural use. However, no frameworks for deforestation or land conversion cut-off dates are supplied or mandated.

50%

CmiA follows national legislation for actions on land use and doesn’t allow producers to grow cotton on land that is not intended for agricultural use. However, no frameworks for deforestation or land conversion cut-off dates are supplied or mandated.

42%

38%

CmiA requires a biodiversity management plan that is time-bound and must have site-specific considerations such as the mapping and identification of production zone High Conservation Values and enhancing buffer and riparian zones.

50%

CmiA requires managing entities to identify and map HCV areas on and near the production zone, where HCVs are found, biodiversity figures for those areas must be maintained.

50%

CMiA outlines key biodiversity outcomes in the statement of the management plan; the continued identification, protection, and restoration [if necessary] of HCV, riparian and buffer zones are required. Additionally, biodiversity values in HCVs must be maintained in the face of production.

75%

CmiA outlines key area’s for managing entities to protect and maintain or restore if degraded: habitat corridors, buffer and riparian zones.

0%

As CmiA is made up of around 95% smallholder farmers, [below 20 hectares, no year-round workers, etc.] set-asides are not relevant or required.

33%

CmiA mandates species and genetic diversity protections in the form of restoring habitat corridors/migration pathways, restricting the use of chemicals in pest control, and identifying threatened or endangered species in the production zone.

50%

CmiA uses biological controls to prevent the spread and build-up of pests/invasive species in the production zone.

33%

25%

Waste management plans are categorized as continuous improvement criteria in the CmiA program – meaning non-conformance doesn’t disqualify from certification. It does require identifying waste streams and actions to reduce and reuse waste on a site-specific level, however, there isn’t evidence that supports precision planning and production taking place. Documentation of waste reduction actions is supported, though not tied to management responses or specified waste reduction goals.

25%

Waste at the field level for cotton production is minimal, and many by-products such as the seed are reused in a variety of ways. For CmiA, waste is required to be separated and disposed of according to local requirements.

50%

Cotton is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock. However, CMiA makes no commitment to using recycled feedstocks.

31%

35%

CmiA requires adherence to a 48-hour weekly limit and ensures breaks, leave, sick days, and the right to collective bargaining. It guarantees wages meeting regional or national minimums, irrespective of gender, and maintains mandatory records for wage and hour verification. Clear contracts must outline wages, responsibilities, time off, and social security benefits in easily comprehensible terms. Verifiers must engage with workers and possess expertise in relevant worker rights legislation.

29%

CmiA requires producers to adhere to ILO Conventions 29 and 105 on forced labor. The standard outlines specific actions that qualify relating to the cotton fiber growing and ginning production processes. Additionally, the standard provides a secure channel for grievances and remediation—allowing workers to raise concerns about forced labor in an anonymous manner.

43%

CmiA requires adherence to ILO Conventions 138 and 182 through a time-bound plan to eliminate child labor at the field and gin levels. This includes child labor awareness and risk assessments at the producer level; a complaint and compensation mechanism is in place and spot checks are conducted by the managing entity to check the age of workers; and a secure channel for grievance and remedy that is equally accessible to employees, children, and the local community. 

32%

CmiA requires producers to put a non-discrimination policy in place that aligns with ILO Convention 100, a time-bound plan for improving the position of identified minority groups and a code of conduct that is communicated to employees and contracted workers.

28%

CmiA requires that producers respect the right to collective bargaining in line with the ILO Conventions 87 and 89. CmiA raises awareness for workers on their right to collective bargaining and provides a secure channel for workers to raise concerns on freedom of association. Additionally, worker and union representatives meet with verifiers as part of the verification and stakeholder engagement processes.

43%

CmiA requires producers to implement a set of health and safety procedures that includes: personal protective equipment[PPE]; a training program; access to clean drinking water/sanitation; and a designated health and safety focal person who engages with management and verifiers. Verifiers should have competencies in health and safety as it relates to regional fiber production. Furthermore, CmiA implements measures on the safe handling of chemicals and provides a secure channel for health and safety-related grievances.

43%

CmiA requires producers to commit to improving farmer income and quality of living—this is outlined in the standard’s Theory of Change. CmiA also takes a gender-based approach in addressing livelihood concerns; wages are to be paid to women farmers when relevant, and training and financing opportunities are to be equally applied. CmiA promotes stronger relationships between producers and customers, and a Monitoring and Evaluation process is in place that shows evidence of positive outcomes with regards to worker incomes.

17%

CmiA requires producers to respect Indigenous land through the HCV values, though it is only stipulated in cases of proposed expansion/conversion. The standard has a grievance and remedy procedure in place to raise points on Indigenous land and customary rights, to identify and implement a solution.

35%

CmiA requires adherence to legal and customary land and water tenure in accordance with both national law and the HCV Network. CmiA also requires a secure channel for grievances regarding land rights.

31%

CmiA requires producers to conduct risk assessments in addition to external verification—the risk assessment must include community risks resulting from production. Additionally, a required component of verification is verifier engagement with the local community.

0%

There is no evidence that CmiA requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that CmiA has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

38%

CmiA requires producers to provide a process that allows for grievances to be made anonymously and without fear of discrimination, termination or reduction in pay, etc. The process must also have dedicated resources for complaints of gender-based discrimination and sexual harassment. However, while the producers must assist verifiers in interviewing workers as part of the verification process, it is unclear whether these interviews would be essential to the grievance mechanism.

32%

CmiA requires producers to take steps to prevent gender-based discrimination and address corresponding risks. This takes the form of a gender-based focal person with a direct line of communication to management, as well as raising worker awareness of gender-based violence and discrimination. Additionally, there is a requirement in place that verification must be done, in part, by women.

73%

50%

The organization released a Theory of Change document detailing its sustainability goals and strategies. The standard document clarifies the purpose of the standard in relation to the Aid by Trade Foundation’s overall objectives. The goals outlined in the Theory of Change are measurable, but do not have specific timeframes. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

83%

The organization has a standard development and revision procedure. Reviews should not exceed five years from the adoption of the former standard. Non-substantive changes can be made outside the formal revision process, but there is no mechanism for urgent substantive changes. Drafts require at least one round of public consultations. For developing a new standard, a demand assessment is conducted, along with a risk assessment of factors that may hinder the standard from achieving its objectives.

100%

The organization’s governance comprises a Management Board, Board of Trustees, and an Advisory Board representing stakeholders. A Code of Conduct establishes essential guidelines, including anti-bribery and anti-corruption policies. The website specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Management Board. The Advisory Board includes several companies and offers partnership opportunities, including strategic partnerships.

100%

The organization provides a separate document on its claims framework. It also has a separate document specifically dedicated to Chain of Custody (CoC) guidelines, which distinguish between Mass Balance and Hard Identity Preserved. The CoC guidelines outline the process for making claims based on the chosen model. The claims framework establishes procedures for non-compliance related to the improper use of claims.

75%

The standard organization documents its approach to overseeing assurance activities and providers. While a third party provides verification, it is not clear whether the organization works with an independent accreditation body. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. The verification cycle spans two years and involves two verification missions at different levels. The standard document offers guidance on the content and practices of assurance.

83%

The assurance manual outlines conformity assessment procedures, distinguishing between incidental and systemic non-conformities. Sustained systemic non-conformities result in certificate cancellation or accreditation termination. The standard organization covers verification fees, including travel and accommodation expenses, if audit data is shared promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities.

25%

Certification Bodies use a risk-based approach in their sampling decision. The organization does not have a risk management plan on how to identify and manage risks to the sector and organization, nor a risk map or overview to help certified organizations and assurance actors identify main current sector risks.

75%

The organization’s website features a complaints form with accompanying instructions. Contact details are publicly available, including an email address for stakeholders to provide feedback. Furthermore, a separate document outlines the organization’s complaints policy and procedures, detailing the various roles and responsibilities involved. Stakeholders are not actively informed about opportunities to provide input.

69%

The organization has a separate document dedicated to the monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) framework of the standard. An annual publication provides the performance results for the year, based on the MEL framework. However, these do not measure the specific outcomes or impacts of the standard. No policy or procedure regarding data communication was found. The MEL framework is designed to align with the objectives and activities outlined in the Theory of Change.

7%

35%

Fairtrade encourages a site-specific, regularly reviewed emission management plan in development criteria to identify climate risks and GHG-reducing activities.

8%

Fairtrade encourages producers to take measures to reduce GHG emissions during production. Producers monitor scope I emissions – aligned with international standards.

30%

Fairtrade encourages cotton producers to take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions during production.

15%

Fairtrade encourages producers to implement climate mitigation actions through the use of energy efficiency and replace non-renewable sources with renewables where possible.

15%

Fairtrade promotes climate adaptation actions through development criteria on: capturing rainwater and practices to improve soil health and prevent erosion.

0%

Carbon sequestration as a more general outcome is required of Fairtrade producers. However, there is no evidence that peat soils are identified and/or protected to achieve this goal.

0%

Carbon sequestration as a more general outcome is encouraged of Fairtrade producers. However, there is no evidence that high above-ground carbon stocks are identified and/or protected to achieve this goal.

15%

Fairtrade requires producers to increase carbon sequestration in production. The program also requires producers to increase soil fertility and prevent erosion – both proxy measurements for soil carbon.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

19%

35%

Fairtrade producers are supported in developing a regional-level water management plan that focuses on continual improvement of water use in production. This plan is audited every 3 years and is responsive to the changes suggested in this audit.

15%

Fairtrade requires producers to monitor the pressures and state of water withdrawal by identifying water sources for irrigation and measuring how much water is used for production. Training members on monitoring practices specifically in regard to the state of water use in the production unit takes place gradually, and like the management plan, is assessed every 3 years.

30%

Fairtrade supports producers to monitor the quality of water used for irrigation and drinking on the production unit over time with producer-developed water monitoring plans that promote baseline knowledge of monitoring techniques.

15%

Fairtrade supports producers in continually improving their water usage during production through non-pass-fail criteria assessed every 3 years.

15%

Water quality for irrigation and drinking is named as a priority outcome under the Fairtrade certification.

15%

Water use efficiency and improvement are to be developed by Fairtrade producers. While producers must list the sources they draw water from, no mention of specific water sources to accompany best water use practices is given.

50%

Fairtrade specifies groundwater and surface water as prominent water sources to avoid contamination.

63%

Fairtrade cotton is a 100% biobased feedstock. While the program doesn’t mandate a certain level of renewable energy, it is required for producers to implement it where possible.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

25%

Cotton with no standard system scores 25% better than CmiA in likelihood of eutrophication during production – as no LCA data is available for Fairtrade, cotton with no standard system figures are used.

23%

50%

Fairtrade requires producers to develop a chemical management plan as part of the certification. This plan is for the improvement of chemical use and management. It is reviewed and updated every three years.

25%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement a chemical management plan that centers around handling, application, cleaning, labeling, and disposal of chemicals used in the production process.

50%

Fairtrade producers must compile and update a list of pesticides used on Fairtrade crops. Producers are prohibited from using chemicals found in the Fairtrade International Hazardous Materials Red List. Chemicals found in this list are those that are; outlined in international conventions, and are known to cause acute, long-term toxic effects.

50%

Fairtrade requires continual improvement/phasing out of harmful chemicals for safer and more sustainable alternatives.

60%

Fairtrade names air and water discharge a priority outcome. It also mandates producers to follow a restricted chemistry list.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

46%

50%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement procedures to identify, mitigate and prevent degradations to soil health through erosion.

50%

Fairtrade requires the monitoring of the state of soil health in identifying soils at risk of erosion as well as the pressures to soil health in the identification of soils that have already eroded.

30%

Fairtrade supports producers to continually improve soil health through the identification and prevention of erosion.

30%

Fairtrade supports producers in developing specific soil health outcomes such as soil fertility, structure and carbon sequestration.

40%

Fairtrade doesn’t require the implementation of soil health practices but does highlight several in order to reduce the impacts from pests. These practices are not required but can be implemented by Fairtrade producers.

48%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement procedures to ensure deforestation and degradation of land do not occur. These procedures are reviewed at least every three years.

65%

Preventative and restorative steps are taken by Fairtrade producers in regard to deforestation and land conversion. Additionally, pilot projects are being launched to incorporate satellite images of forest landscapes in production zones for visualizing land conversion/deforestation over time.

73%

Preventative and restorative steps are taken by Fairtrade producers in regard to deforestation and land conversion. Additionally, pilot projects are being launched to incorporate satellite images of forest landscapes in production zones for visualizing land conversion/deforestation over time.

73%

Land use health is named a priority outcome through the continual improvement of carbon storage ecosystems.

24%

23%

Fairtrade supports producers in developing a plan to protect and enhance key biodiversity features such as water bodies, high conservation value areas, and buffer zones. Fairtrade highlights communicating this plan and biodiversity awareness to all levels of the production unit.

15%

Fairtrade supports producers in developing capabilities to monitor the pressures on biodiversity health via pests and plant diseases.

30%

Biodiversity is named as a priority in the Fairtrade certification – producers are supported in maintaining and enhancing biodiversity values. This is not a required criterion, but a development one under the Fairtrade certification and is assessed every 3 years.

30%

Fairtrade outlines maintaining, developing or creating buffer zones, especially around waterbodies on the production unit. Though these criteria are not required as core criteria, producers are supported in developing these practices.

0%

There is no evidence that Fairtrade producers are required to set aside a portion of the production unit for conservation.

27%

Fairtrade producers demonstrate consideration for species and genetic diversity by prohibiting hunting or over-collecting of endangered and native species.

45%

Fairtrade outlines specific steps for dealing with invasive species: action to prevent their introduction, build-up, and resistance in the production unit.

38%

15%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals at the farm level. Fairtrade therefore requires producers to be aware of waste-reducing concepts and practices. In addition, Fairtrade highlights that burning of organic waste is prohibited unless under special circumstances.

50%

Fairtrade encourages producers to develop a plan that is communicated to all members on using waste as a nutrient stream. Further, it only allows burning if legally required or on other exceptional occasions.

50%

Fairtrade requires producers to acquire non-GMO seeds, which are a renewable feedstock.

26%

32%

Fairtrade requires adherence to ILO Conventions 98, 100, and 110 on collective bargaining, equal pay, and employment conditions. It mandates the following a national minimum wage and well-defined contracts stating employee duties, schedules, and rights. With regard to working hours, it aligns with the 48-hour limit and provides paid sick and maternity leave, overtime compensation, and gradual salary increments surpassing official minimums and regional averages.

32%

Fairtrade requires adherence to ILO Conventions 29 and 105 to eliminate forced labor conditions and not benefit directly or indirectly from forced labor. There is a component of assessing risks of forced labor in operational areas with a grievance and remedy process in place to process and provide solutions for complaints.

31%

Fairtrade requires producers to prevent and eliminate the worst forms of Child Labor in line with provisions in ILO Conventions 182 and 138 at both the field and gin levels. At the gin level, there is a procedure in place to handle grievances and provide remedies for any Child Labor-related issues.

36%

Fairtrade requires producers to ban and prevent discrimination in the workplace in line with provisions listed in ILO Conventions 100 and 111. This includes discrimination based on age, race, sexual orientation, disability, or social origin. Requirements to raise awareness of discrimination among workers and management are also present in the standard, as well as procedures, to handle grievances and provide remedies for any discrimination-related issues.

37%

Fairtrade requires producers to follow provisions set out in ILO Conventions 87 and 98 on the Freedom of Association and the Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining. This includes criteria on verifiers engaging with worker representatives, the program raising awareness for workers on their rights to organize and collective bargaining, and a grievance and remedy procedure in place to process complaints relating to freedom of association.

42%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement an Occupational Health and Safety program that is in line with provisions set out in ILO Convention 155. This includes specific requirements on PPE and relevant training, on-site first-aid and sanitation, and the nomination of a health and safety representative. Fairtrade also requires that verification be contingent upon an assessment of the producers’ health and safety procedures.

27%

Fairtrade includes a core Theory of Change that outlines commitments to improving workers’ wages and overall livelihoods. The standard provides technical training opportunities to increase yields and facilitates access to credit and inputs for workers to sustainably purchase materials.

6%

Fairtrade requires producers to outline requirements for upholding land and water tenure in line with provisions set out in ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples. Fairtrade’s criteria do not reference the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. These groups are only engaged if there is an evident land or water tenure dispute.

25%

Fairtrade requires producers to maintain land and water tenure according to national law and in line with ILO Convention 169 on Governance of Tenure. However, no assessment of tenure risk is required, nor is it compulsory for verifiers to conduct assessments outside the production unit or communicate with communities and Indigenous groups.

0%

Fairtrade requires producers to provide a Development Plan to engage in community development. However, it is unclear if the community is consulted as part of the standard-setting process, or if risks to communities are required to be assessed as part of the production plan.

0%

There is no evidence that Fairtrade has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that Fairtrade has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

39%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement a set of comprehensive grievance and remedy procedures that are: clearly communicated to all relevant parties; completely anonymous; focused on providing remedy; and tailored to the complaint/grievance being filed. Specifically, this means that grievances regarding sexual harassment are sent to specially appointed women or women’s committees.

32%

Fairtrade requires producers to take steps to eliminate discrimination on the basis of sex and to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH]. Furthermore, requirements placed on verifiers engaging with female workers, and a GBV-specific grievance mechanism, are outlined. Risks of GBVH issues are still present, as monitoring of gender issues, specialized training for verifiers, and raising awareness of gender-related issues to relevant parties are not included as part of certification.

81%

50%

Fairtrade has a publicly accessible Theory of Change that explains the interventions, intermediate outcomes, long-term outcomes, and impact. It provides a basis for measuring results and progress. The Standards & Certification intervention is explained, including tools and outputs. Fairtrade does not define measurable or time-bound indicators at the organizational level but has time-bound goals for the textile standard. Fairtrade does not actively communicate its ToC.

83%

Fairtrade has a document called “Standard Operating Procedure for the Development of Fairtrade Standards” that provides information on its procedures for setting standards. The standard’s full revision exceeds five years. The document includes a chapter on monitoring changes, representing [non-]substantive changes. Fairtrade follows a process that involves seeking public feedback, conducting research with experts and stakeholders, and obtaining approval before the research phase begins.

75%

The international Fairtrade system is governed by the General Assembly and the Board of Directors. Fairtrade has a comprehensive document called the “Fairtrade Organization Code” that covers topics such as accountability, integrity, and respect. However, there is no specific mention of a secretariat or similar day-to-day functions in the document. The constitution includes a separate chapter that outlines membership requirements, obligations, and rights within the organization.

75%

Fairtrade has detailed guidelines for claims management in its textile standards, covering both content-based and outcome-based claims. Fairtrade Cotton can be used either fully traceable or as the Fairtrade Sourced Cotton model, a mass balance chain of custody. Fairtrade has procedures with consequences for misuse of claims.

100%

Fairtrade’s assurance method varies depending on the company’s role in the supply chain. Fairtrade works with independent certification bodies and accreditation bodies to ensure compliance. Surveillance audits are conducted annually or more frequently to monitor compliance, with specific requirements varying based on the certificate holder. Fairtrade provides guidance to auditors, outlining content and assurance requirements.

67%

The organization-level document includes a chapter on conformity procedures for standards. Non-conformities must be closed within agreed timeframes, or a non-conformity recommendation is made. Non-conformities are categorized as minor, major, or critical, with observations recorded. Sanctions for assurance providers include denial, suspension, de-certification, or financial penalties. Organizations are motivated to obtain zero non-conformities, as this leads to less intense and frequent audits.

100%

The assurance provider conducts risk-based surveillance audits. The scope of surveillance audits may be reduced based on the provider’s risk policy but must include follow-up on previous non-conformities. The organization has a separate interactive website for a risk map, aiming to assess human rights and environmental risks. The risk map methodology explains the definition and quantification of threats. The organization does not have a risk management plan to identify risks to the organization.

75%

The website’s “contact us” tab offers extensive information with guiding questions for reporting on various topics. Providing feedback on the webpage is possible. The “contact us” page effectively categorizes different topics and guides users to the appropriate page. It intuitively redirects users to relevant certification and accreditation bodies when needed. The stakeholders are informed about providing feedback and giving input.

100%

Fairtrade has an MEL system. Fairtrade publishes annual monitoring data, commissioned evaluation research, and commodity briefings for transparency and learning. The document mentions the annual frequency of re-evaluations and includes a chapter on data and information, explaining data communication procedures. Fairtrade has made significant efforts since 2011 to define their ToC and align their tailored MEL system accordingly, showcasing this alignment in their impact monitoring tool and page.

31%

43%

7%

35%

22%

10%

0%

0%

20%

48%

53%

58%

43%

33%

40%

33%

20%

8%

38%

69%

91%

91%

75%

57%

50%

50%

56%

50%

55%

67%

49%

38%

50%

40%

65%

62%

49%

58%

36%

36%

27%

11%

18%

40%

40%

0%

47%

35%

52%

44%

38%

75%

26%

32.48%

32.14%

31.24%

35.71%

36.6%

42%

27%

6%

25%

0%

0%

39%

32%

75%

63%

79%

63%

88%

100%

83%

63%

63%

75%

32%

15%

EU Organic Legislation states that organic production should focus on adaptation to diverse climate conditions and contribute to the protection of the environment and climate. Specific methods and outcomes/thresholds for these requirements, however, are not outlined in the legislation.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology to address the risks present at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

EU Organic highlights responsible energy use as a guiding principle of organic agricultural production, though the legislation does not require commitments to continual improvement on energy efficiency.

25%

EU Organic agricultural production requires climate change mitigation practices and outcomes in the form of beneficial soil health practices to prevent soil degradation and erosion. EU Organic also restricts synthetic chemistry use to mitigate effects of climate change.

15%

EU Organic agricultural production requires water cycling and withdrawal monitoring—it also supports climate resilience through the implementation of soil-enhancing practices.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above-ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

25%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, and preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction, and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as a proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon.

48%

Organic Cotton is 48% less GHG intensive than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

Organic Cotton uses 53% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

49%

25%

Organic agriculture results in lower water risk and reduces synthetic chemistry use, as crops are primarily rainfed. In fulfilling the requirement to not exploit water resources and quality, EU Organic producers must be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water contamination is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that prioritized metrics for water health related to withdrawal are utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines specific water resources such as surface or groundwater in the avoidance of water contamination in agricultural production.

75%

Organic cotton is a 100% biobased feedstock. As an organic material, the use of synthetic fertilizer is restricted.

91%

Organic Cotton causes 91% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

91%

Organic Cotton uses 91% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

75%

Organic cotton’s eutrophication potential is 75% lower than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

50%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to pesticide and insecticide application. There are requirements in place that form a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways as well as encouraging practices and procedures that maintain and enhance chemical management. These include measures on exposure [human and environment], chemically-synthesized medicine, and more.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals where preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address, to varying degrees, the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage in a way that tackles some risks with using chemistry at scale at the farm level. The legislation, however, does not contain provisions for the nomination of a chemical-responsible party or monitoring for continual improvement opportunities regarding chemical management.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation on the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of synthetic chemicals are prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

67%

Organic cotton scores 67% lower than cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

53%

25%

EU Organic outlines that soil quality and maintenance are primary objectives for organic cotton production.

50%

EU Organic requires state and pressure monitoring for the quality of soil to ensure that requirements of maintaining and enhancing soil quality are met.

50%

EU Organic production requires the continual improvement of soil health outcomes, such as soil organic matter and fertility.

100%

EU Organic highlights many priority soil health outcomes, including nutrient and carbon cycling, soil microbial activity and structure, and chemical content.

83%

EU Organic requires the use of beneficial soil practices to increase soil quality long-term. These practices include crop rotations, organic amendments and residues, and minimal tillage.

50%

Common elements of land management in EU Organic agricultural production are the avoidance of practices that cause land degradation and a systems-based approach to land management. Being an organic program, producers must be able to prove that their land and its management meet organic requirements for at least three years prior to certification.

50%

EU Organic producers must maintain and enhance soils, and landscapes, demonstrating prioritization of land health outcomes in production.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, specific preventative and restorative actions in regard to defroestation are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production – specific preventative and restorative actions in regard to land conversion are not outlined.

30%

0%

The main risks associated with biodiversity are deforestation and land degradation, as well as pesticide and insecticide use at the farm level. There is no evidence that a management plan is required to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers act upon aspirational recommendations that go beyond what is required.

20%

Biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity on the production unit.

50%

The maintenance and preservation of biodiversity is a priority objective of organic agriculture in the EU.

50%

EU Organic producers are to respect habitat corridors where present. They are also to incorporate native species as part of cover or rotation crops where possible.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic producers are required to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization.

67%

EU Organic agriculture maintains natural crossing borders and the populations of native species through harvesting plans, and restricts many synthetic chemical inputs.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring—whether intervention is taken is dependent on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

37.5%

38%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemicals, waste, and waste byproducts as well as fertilizer and pesticide application at the farm level. However, EU Organic Cotton requires waste produced in cotton growing to be reused as inputs for later production. In this way, risks of waste streams during production are mitigated.

25%

EU Organic Cotton requires the use of on-field waste and by-products to be returned to the field as organic amendments/inputs.

50%

EU Organic Cotton production requires the feedstock to be completely biobased and therefore renewable.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalog of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and a low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for the intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Common Monitoring & Evaluation Framework [CMEF] to evaluate the effectiveness of the Common Agricultural Policy [CAP]. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information-sharing among authorities but not with the public. The Monitoring & Evaluation Learning [MEL] guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements toward Theory of Change [ToC] goals were found in the document.

7%

35%

Fairtrade encourages a site-specific, regularly reviewed emission management plan in development criteria to identify climate risks and GHG-reducing activities.

8%

Fairtrade encourages producers to take measures to reduce GHG emissions during production. Producers monitor scope I emissions – aligned with international standards.

30%

Fairtrade encourages cotton producers to take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions during production.

15%

Fairtrade encourages producers to implement climate mitigation actions through the use of energy efficiency and replace non-renewable sources with renewables where possible.

15%

Fairtrade promotes climate adaptation actions through development criteria on: capturing rainwater and practices to improve soil health and prevent erosion.

0%

Carbon sequestration as a more general outcome is required of Fairtrade producers. However, there is no evidence that peat soils are identified and/or protected to achieve this goal.

0%

Carbon sequestration as a more general outcome is encouraged of Fairtrade producers. However, there is no evidence that high above-ground carbon stocks are identified and/or protected to achieve this goal.

15%

Fairtrade requires producers to increase carbon sequestration in production. The program also requires producers to increase soil fertility and prevent erosion – both proxy measurements for soil carbon.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

19%

35%

Fairtrade producers are supported in developing a regional-level water management plan that focuses on continual improvement of water use in production. This plan is audited every 3 years and is responsive to the changes suggested in this audit.

15%

Fairtrade requires producers to monitor the pressures and state of water withdrawal by identifying water sources for irrigation and measuring how much water is used for production. Training members on monitoring practices specifically in regard to the state of water use in the production unit takes place gradually, and like the management plan, is assessed every 3 years.

30%

Fairtrade supports producers to monitor the quality of water used for irrigation and drinking on the production unit over time with producer-developed water monitoring plans that promote baseline knowledge of monitoring techniques.

15%

Fairtrade supports producers in continually improving their water usage during production through non-pass-fail criteria assessed every 3 years.

15%

Water quality for irrigation and drinking is named as a priority outcome under the Fairtrade certification.

15%

Water use efficiency and improvement are to be developed by Fairtrade producers. While producers must list the sources they draw water from, no mention of specific water sources to accompany best water use practices is given.

50%

Fairtrade specifies groundwater and surface water as prominent water sources to avoid contamination.

Fairtrade cotton is a 100% biobased feedstock. While the program doesn’t mandate a certain level of renewable energy, it is required for producers to implement it where possible.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

25%

Cotton with no standard system scores 25% better than CmiA in likelihood of eutrophication during production – as no LCA data is available for Fairtrade, cotton with no standard system figures are used.

23%

50%

Fairtrade requires producers to develop a chemical management plan as part of the certification. This plan is for the improvement of chemical use and management. It is reviewed and updated every three years.

25%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement a chemical management plan that centers around handling, application, cleaning, labeling, and disposal of chemicals used in the production process.

50%

Fairtrade producers must compile and update a list of pesticides used on Fairtrade crops. Producers are prohibited from using chemicals found in the Fairtrade International Hazardous Materials Red List. Chemicals found in this list are those that are; outlined in international conventions, and are known to cause acute, long-term toxic effects.

50%

Fairtrade requires continual improvement/phasing out of harmful chemicals for safer and more sustainable alternatives.

60%

Fairtrade names air and water discharge a priority outcome. It also mandates producers to follow a restricted chemistry list.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

46%

50%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement procedures to identify, mitigate and prevent degradations to soil health through erosion.

50%

Fairtrade requires the monitoring of the state of soil health in identifying soils at risk of erosion as well as the pressures to soil health in the identification of soils that have already eroded.

30%

Fairtrade supports producers to continually improve soil health through the identification and prevention of erosion.

30%

Fairtrade supports producers in developing specific soil health outcomes such as soil fertility, structure and carbon sequestration.

40%

Fairtrade doesn’t require the implementation of soil health practices but does highlight several in order to reduce the impacts from pests. These practices are not required but can be implemented by Fairtrade producers.

48%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement procedures to ensure deforestation and degradation of land do not occur. These procedures are reviewed at least every three years.

65%

Preventative and restorative steps are taken by Fairtrade producers in regard to deforestation and land conversion. Additionally, pilot projects are being launched to incorporate satellite images of forest landscapes in production zones for visualizing land conversion/deforestation over time.

73%

Preventative and restorative steps are taken by Fairtrade producers in regard to deforestation and land conversion. Additionally, pilot projects are being launched to incorporate satellite images of forest landscapes in production zones for visualizing land conversion/deforestation over time.

73%

Land use health is named a priority outcome through the continual improvement of carbon storage ecosystems.

24%

23%

Fairtrade supports producers in developing a plan to protect and enhance key biodiversity features such as water bodies, high conservation value areas, and buffer zones. Fairtrade highlights communicating this plan and biodiversity awareness to all levels of the production unit.

15%

Fairtrade supports producers in developing capabilities to monitor the pressures on biodiversity health via pests and plant diseases.

30%

Biodiversity is named as a priority in the Fairtrade certification – producers are supported in maintaining and enhancing biodiversity values. This is not a required criterion, but a development one under the Fairtrade certification and is assessed every 3 years.

30%

Fairtrade outlines maintaining, developing or creating buffer zones, especially around waterbodies on the production unit. Though these criteria are not required as core criteria, producers are supported in developing these practices.

0%

There is no evidence that Fairtrade producers are required to set aside a portion of the production unit for conservation.

27%

Fairtrade producers demonstrate consideration for species and genetic diversity by prohibiting hunting or over-collecting of endangered and native species.

45%

Fairtrade outlines specific steps for dealing with invasive species: action to prevent their introduction, build-up, and resistance in the production unit.

38%

15%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals, waste, and waste byproducts as well as fertilizer and pesticide application at the farm level. However, Fairtrade requires producers to be aware of waste-reducing concepts and practices. The program highlights that burning of organic waste is prohibited unless under special circumstances.

50%

Fairtrade encourages producers to develop a plan that is communicated to all members on using waste as a nutrient stream. Further, it only allows burning if legally required or on other exceptional occasions.

50%

Fairtrade requires producers to acquire non-GMO seeds, which are a renewable feedstock.

26%

32.48%

Fairtrade requires adherence to ILO Conventions 98, 100, and 110 on collective bargaining, equal pay, and employment conditions. It mandates the following a national minimum wage and well-defined contracts stating employee duties, schedules, and rights. With regard to working hours, it aligns with the 48-hour limit and provides paid sick and maternity leave, overtime compensation, and gradual salary increments surpassing official minimums and regional averages.

32.14%

Fairtrade requires adherence to ILO Conventions 29 and 105 to eliminate forced labor conditions and not benefit directly or indirectly from forced labor. There is a component of assessing risks of forced labor in operational areas with a grievance and remedy process in place to process and provide solutions for complaints.

31.24%

Fairtrade requires producers to prevent and eliminate the worst forms of Child Labor in line with provisions in ILO Conventions 182 and 138 at both the field and gin levels. At the gin level, there is a procedure in place to handle grievances and provide remedies for any Child Labor-related issues.

35.71%

Fairtrade requires producers to ban and prevent discrimination in the workplace in line with provisions listed in ILO Conventions 100 and 111. This includes discrimination based on age, race, sexual orientation, disability, or social origin. Requirements to raise awareness of discrimination among workers and management are also present in the standard, as well as procedures, to handle grievances and provide remedies for any discrimination-related issues.

36.6%

Fairtrade requires producers to follow provisions set out in ILO Conventions 87 and 98 on the Freedom of Association and Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining. This includes criteria on verifiers engaging with worker representatives, the program raising awareness for workers on their rights to organize and collective bargaining, and a grievance and remedy procedure in place to process complaints relating to freedom of association.

42%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement an Occupational Health and Safety program that is in line with provisions set out in ILO Convention 155. This includes specific requirements on PPE and relevant training, on-site first-aid and sanitation, and the nomination of a health and safety representative. Fairtrade also requires that verification be contingent upon an assessment of the producers’ health and safety procedures.

27%

Fairtrade includes a core Theory of Change that outlines commitments to improving workers’ wages and overall livelihoods. The standard provides technical training opportunities to increase yields and facilitates access to credit and inputs for workers to sustainably purchase materials.

6%

Fairtrade requires producers to outline requirements for upholding land and water tenure in line with provisions set out in ILO Convention C169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples. Fairtrade’s criteria do not reference the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. These groups are only engaged if there is an evident land or water tenure dispute.

25%

Fairtrade requires producers to maintain land and water tenure according to national law and in line with ILO Convention C169 on Governance of Tenure. However, no assessment of tenure risk is required, nor is it compulsory for verifiers to conduct assessments outside the production unit or communicate with communities and Indigenous groups.

0%

Fairtrade requires producers to provide a Development Plan to engage in community development. However, it is unclear if the community is consulted as part of the standard-setting process, or if risks to communities are required to be assessed as part of the production plan.

0%

There is no evidence that Fairtrade has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that Fairtrade has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

39%

Fairtrade requires producers to implement a set of comprehensive grievance and remedy procedures that are: clearly communicated to all relevant parties; completely anonymous; focused on providing remedy; and tailored to the complaint/grievance being filed. Specifically, this means that grievances regarding sexual harassment are sent to specially appointed women or women’s committees.

32%

Fairtrade requires producers to take steps to eliminate discrimination on the basis of sex and to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH]. Furthermore, requirements placed on verifiers engaging with female workers, and a GBV-specific grievance mechanism, are outlined. Risks of GBVH issues are still present, as monitoring of gender issues, specialized training for verifiers, and raising awareness of gender-related issues to relevant parties are not included as part of certification.

81%

50%

Fairtrade has a publicly accessible Theory of Change [ToC] that explains the interventions, intermediate outcomes, long-term outcomes, and impact. It provides a basis for measuring results and progress. The Standards & Certification intervention is explained, including tools and outputs. Fairtrade does not define measurable or time-bound indicators at the organizational level but has time-bound goals for the textiles standard. Fairtrade does not actively communicate its ToC.

83%

Fairtrade has a document called “Standard Operating Procedure for the Development of Fairtrade Standards” that provides information on its procedures for setting standards. The standard’s full revision exceeds five years. The document includes a chapter on monitoring changes, representing [non-]substantive changes. Fairtrade follows a process that involves seeking public feedback, conducting research with experts and stakeholders, and obtaining approval before the research phase begins.

75%

The international Fairtrade system is governed by the General Assembly and the Board of Directors. Fairtrade has a comprehensive document called the “Fairtrade Organization Code” that covers topics such as accountability, integrity, and respect. However, there is no specific mention of a secretariat or similar day-to-day functions in the document. The constitution includes a separate chapter that outlines membership requirements, obligations, and rights within the organization.

75%

Fairtrade has detailed guidelines for claims management in its textile standards, covering both content-based and outcome-based claims. Fairtrade Cotton can be used either fully traceable or as the Fairtrade Sourced Cotton model, a mass balance chain of custody. Fairtrade has procedures with consequences for misuse of claims.

100%

Fairtrade’s assurance method varies depending on the company’s role in the supply chain. Fairtrade works with independent certification bodies and accreditation bodies to ensure compliance. Surveillance audits are conducted annually or more frequently to monitor compliance, with specific requirements varying based on the certificate holder. Fairtrade provides guidance to auditors, outlining content and assurance requirements.

67%

The organization-level document includes a chapter on conformity procedures for standards. Non-conformities must be closed within agreed timeframes, or a non-conformity recommendation is made. Non-conformities are categorized as minor, major, or critical, with observations recorded. Sanctions for assurance providers include denial, suspension, de-certification, or financial penalties. Organizations are motivated to obtain zero non-conformities, as this leads to less intense and frequent audits.

100%

The assurance provider conducts risk-based surveillance audits. The scope of surveillance audits may be reduced based on the provider’s risk policy but must include follow-up on previous non-conformities. The organization has a separate interactive website for a risk map, aiming to assess human rights and environmental risks. The risk map methodology explains the definition and quantification of threats. The organization does not have a risk management plan to identify risks to the organization.

75%

The website’s “contact us” tab offers extensive information with guiding questions for reporting on various topics. Providing feedback on the webpage is possible. The “contact us” page effectively categorizes different topics and guides users to the appropriate page. It intuitively redirects users to relevant certification and accreditation bodies when needed. The stakeholders are informed about providing feedback and giving input.

100%

Fairtrade has an MEL system. Fairtrade publishes annual monitoring data, commissioned evaluation research, and commodity briefings for transparency and learning. The document mentions the annual frequency of re-evaluations and includes a chapter on data and information, explaining data communication procedures. Fairtrade has made significant efforts since 2011 to define their ToC and align their tailored MEL system accordingly, showcasing this alignment in their impact monitoring tool and page.

36%

50%

GOTS producers are required to comply with local and national environmental laws on emissions to air, wastewater discharge and disposal of waste and sludge. Additionally, producers are required to demonstrate an environmental policy, stating responsibilities, consumption data, and target goals to reduce energy and water use.

13%

GOTS requires producers to monitor their Scope 1 emissions in the form of criteria to identify—and subsequently reduce—GHG emissions arising from production.

50%

GOTS production criteria state that improvements in energy use and emissions are to be identified and measured—with the goal of reducing those identified emissions over time.

25%

GOTS producers are required to follow a hazardous chemical ban and make commitments to continually improving energy efficiency.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to implement a climate adaptation plan.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

48%

Organic Cotton is 48% less GHG-intensive than cotton with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

Organic Cotton uses 53% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

62%

50%

GOTS requires producers to develop plans that identify water use and quality, as well as ways to improve on these figures, alongside annual onsite reviews.

50%

GOTS requires producers to use natural resources such as water responsibly. Requirements for certification include monitoring the use of water resources, and demonstrating withdrawal monitoring at the state and pressure levels.

50%

GOTS production requires regular water contamination/quality monitoring at the state and pressure levels.

50%

There is no evidence that GOTS certification outlines specific water resources—such as surface or groundwater—in the avoidance of water overuse in production.

50%

GOTS requires producers to outline surface water quality as a prioritized objective—one that is underpinned by regular monitoring and a continuous improvement framework.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for withdrawal and consumption, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

25%

While GOTS does require producers to conduct wastewater analysis, a comprehensive water strategy for contamination is not required, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

75%

Cotton is 100% biobased and does not run risks of oil and gas extraction. While GOTS does implement low chemical input, there is no synthetic chemical restriction or commitment to renewable energy.

91%

Organic Cotton causes 91% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

91%

Organic Cotton uses 91% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

75%

Organic cotton’s eutrophication potential is 75% lower than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

60%

50%

GOTS producers are required to have a written environmental policy and procedures in place to monitor and minimize waste and discharge, including staff training on chemicals with an annual onsite review.

75%

GOTS outlines requirements for producers in relation to chemical management, such as separation from other chemicals, labeling [Material Safety Data Sheets], handling, and disposal. Furthermore, training is provided to workers to ensure the retention of best practices in chemical management, and a responsible person is nominated to facilitate the chemical side of GOTS compliance.

63%

GOTS producers are required to use only those inputs in the GOTS Positive list, which aligns with international conventions. Additionally, chemical monitoring takes place in the form of maintaining discharge and effluent limits. The results of this monitoring guide remediation actions.

50%

GOTS producers are required to continually promote a non-toxic environment through the restriction of synthetic chemicals and fertilizers. GOTS also requires producers to reduce levels of chemicals used and discharged during production.

55%

GOTS production demonstrates a comprehensive water strategy in limits to chemical discharge into water and discharge of sludge during production.

67%

Organic cotton scores 67% lower than cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

54%

50%

GOTS requires producers to identify—and subsequently reduce—wastes generated during production. This is underpinned by regular monitoring.

25%

GOTS producers are required to identify and monitor sources of waste that are generated during production. This is underpinned by conventional recycling practices.

50%

GOTS cotton production requires feedstock to be completely biobased and therefore renewable

12%

30%

GOTS requires adherence to statutory or collectively bargained minimum wages and the development of a plan to cover the Wage Gap and pay a Living Wage to its Workers. “Piece rate” wages should align with hourly rates. Clean accommodation, sanitation facilities, and rest areas must be provided. Employment conditions should be communicated clearly. Training on labor rights is necessary. Work hours should not exceed 48 per week with 24 consecutive hours of rest. Producers should not use multiple fixed-term contracts to evade obligations.

8%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 29 and 105, prohibiting the use of forced labor and compulsion to work under fear of penalty, including through methods of force or intimidation. These requirements include instances where persons have not offered themselves voluntarily [such as servitude bonded, trafficking, or indentured labor].

21%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 138 or 182, prohibiting child labor, especially at night or in hazardous conditions, safeguarding to protect against the use of child labor, and remediation to ensure the child gets access to appropriate resources [such as education, etc.]. If a young worker is employed, it will be done such that access to continued education and/or educational opportunities [technical or vocational training] is provided.

16%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 100 or 111, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of personal characteristics or beliefs, such as race, national extraction, social background, religion, age, disability, marital status, parental status, association or trade union membership, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation or political opinion, and assurance that equal remuneration [including benefits] is provided to men and women workers for work of equal value.

17%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 87, 98, 135 and 154. Producers must respect employees’ rights to freedom of association, union membership, and collective bargaining. GOTS producers should support trade unions, provide resources for organizing and bargaining, protect workers’ representatives from harm, and inform workers about their rights. If restricted by law, alternative means for exercising these rights must be established.

30%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 155 and 187 and national laws and regulations to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions. Producers are required to implement an OHS system, consider industry knowledge and hazards, and protect vulnerable workers. Measures must be taken to prevent accidents and provide personal protective equipment. Access to facilities like toilets and clean water should be provided. Accommodations must meet basic needs. Senior management is responsible for health and safety, and training should be provided.

6%

GOTS requires producers to ensure that living wages for workers are calculated and compared with remuneration data, and a plan is developed to cover the wage gap to pay workers a living wage. This addresses some, but not all risks at scale for the livelihoods of workers.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to participate in consultations with local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or that it requires producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GOTS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

11%

GOTS requires producers to implement grievance mechanisms and remediation. Due diligence is in accordance with OECD guidelines and producers must respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; grievances related to harassment or gender-based discrimination are referred to a dedicated sub-process. The grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously, include whistle-blower protection, and support trade unions. Oversight is assigned to senior management and should provide regular training.

13%

GOTS requires producers to implement a gender equality policy to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation [including prohibition of discriminatory hiring based on sex, prohibition of threats of dismissal or negative employment outcome due to marital or pregnancy decisions, and protection of equal opportunity]. The encouragement of confidential reporting of abuse and subsequent investigation of abuse is also required.

65%

50%

The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) published their latest Theory of Change (ToC) in March 2023, which provides both visual and textual information. Having a unified GOTS standard allows textile processors and manufacturers to export their fabrics and garments with a single organic certification accepted in major markets. The ToC does not include time-bound or measurable indicators and is not communicated explicitly to its stakeholders.

75%

GOTS has defined a clear procedure for standard development and revisions. The standard document and implementation manual undergo a revision every 3 years, and may continuously be updated between the Standard revisions. Public consultations are held for the revision with multiple stakeholder input rounds. No information is shared on the analysis and research that has gone into the definition of the standard.

50%

All staff, including the advisory council, standards committee, certifiers council, and general staff, are listed on the GOTS website. The organization does not have organization-wide policies for impartiality and inclusiveness. The GOTS webpage provides details about the roles and responsibilities of different teams and departments. Information on becoming a member or participant in GOTS’ governance structure is not clearly available.

100%

The document “Conditions for the use of GOTS Signs” outlines labeling requirements and associated fees for companies in the GOTS program. Certified entities must implement segregation systems to prevent mixing organic and conventional fibers. Clear labeling and identification of organic materials are required in the chain. Misuse of GOTS signs or misleading claims is addressed with potential penalties and termination of rights. Claims can be made on a content-base only, not on an outcome-base.

100%

The assurance document covers supply chain, traceability, and quality assurance policies and procedures for certification and auditing bodies. Clear roles and responsibilities are provided for certification and accreditation bodies. The frequency of audits is specified, including unannounced on-site visits. GOTS has an implementation manual and requires training for auditors. Personnel must have appropriate training and knowledge relevant to the processing facilities.

83%

Accreditation bodies must comply with ISO/IEC Guide 17011. Section 5.2.3.4 explains procedures for addressing minor and major non-conformities, which can lead to suspension or withdrawal. Suspended organizations are publicly disclosed. Certified organizations are not incentivized to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities. Certification bodies can achieve scope and transaction certificates as evidence of their compliance and quality work, and sharing audit data.

25%

GOTS conducts risk-based auditing. Prior to each audit, a risk assessment is conducted for each certified entity and associated subcontractors. Additional audits may be conducted based on the risk assessment, or fewer audits for low-risk entities. However, no separate publicly available risk management plan is found, there is no clear definition or quantification of risk or threat communicated in the documents, and there is no overview of the current risks in the sector.

50%

GOTS provides an elaborate complaint procedure on their website to handle and resolve complaints effectively. Visitors can submit complaints or feedback, which will be evaluated and processed. However, it is unclear who will receive and handle which complaint. After evaluation, the complainant will be informed about the progress and any additional information required. The option for stakeholders to provide input has not been made public.

50%

GOTS has an M&E system which feeds into their Theory of Change: The most recent ToC is based on GOTS’ M&E findings. However there is no tracking of progress towards ToC indicators published. An Annual Report is published, however, evaluation findings are not on outcome- or impact- but on output-level. GOTS does not define what data is available to whom under what circumstances.

30%

33%

6%

38%

25%

8%

0%

0%

13%

48%

53%

53%

38%

25%

25%

25%

13%

0%

13%

69%

91%

91%

75%

55%

50%

50%

56%

50%

35%

67%

53%

25%

50%

50%

100%

83%

50%

50%

0%

0%

30%

0%

20%

50%

50%

0%

67%

25%

48%

44%

25%

50%

12%

30%

8%

21%

16%

17%

30%

6%

0%

0%

0%

0%

11%

13%

49%

63%

54%

50%

59%

84%

83%

25%

25%

47%

32%

15%

EU Organic Legislation states that organic production should focus on adaptation to diverse climate conditions and contribute to the protection of the environment and climate. Specific methods and outcomes/thresholds for these requirements, however, are not outlined in the legislation.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology to address the risks present at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

EU Organic highlights responsible energy use as a guiding principle of organic agricultural production, though the legislation does not require commitments to continual improvement on energy efficiency.

25%

EU Organic agricultural production requires climate change mitigation practices and outcomes in the form of beneficial soil health practices to prevent soil degradation and erosion. EU Organic also restricts synthetic chemistry use to mitigate effects of climate change.

15%

EU Organic agricultural production requires water cycling and withdrawal monitoring—it also supports climate resilience through the implementation of soil-enhancing practices.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above-ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

25%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, and preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction, and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as a proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon.

48%

Organic Cotton is 48% less GHG intensive than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

Organic Cotton uses 53% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

49%

25%

Organic agriculture results in lower water risk and reduces synthetic chemistry use, as crops are primarily rainfed. In fulfilling the requirement to not exploit water resources and quality, EU Organic producers must be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water contamination is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that prioritized metrics for water health related to withdrawal are utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines specific water resources such as surface or groundwater in the avoidance of water contamination in agricultural production.

75%

Organic cotton is a 100% biobased feedstock. As an organic material, the use of synthetic fertilizer is restricted.

91%

Organic Cotton causes 91% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

91%

Organic Cotton uses 91% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

75%

Organic cotton’s eutrophication potential is 75% lower than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

50%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to pesticide and insecticide application. There are requirements in place that form a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways as well as encouraging practices and procedures that maintain and enhance chemical management. These include measures on exposure [human and environment], chemically-synthesized medicine, and more.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals where preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address, to varying degrees, the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage in a way that tackles some risks with using chemistry at scale at the farm level. The legislation, however, does not contain provisions for the nomination of a chemical-responsible party or monitoring for continual improvement opportunities regarding chemical management.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation on the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of synthetic chemicals are prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

67%

Organic cotton scores 67% lower than cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

53%

25%

EU Organic outlines that soil quality and maintenance are primary objectives for organic cotton production.

50%

EU Organic requires state and pressure monitoring for the quality of soil to ensure that requirements of maintaining and enhancing soil quality are met.

50%

EU Organic production requires the continual improvement of soil health outcomes, such as soil organic matter and fertility.

100%

EU Organic highlights many priority soil health outcomes, including nutrient and carbon cycling, soil microbial activity and structure, and chemical content.

83%

EU Organic requires the use of beneficial soil practices to increase soil quality long-term. These practices include crop rotations, organic amendments and residues, and minimal tillage.

50%

Common elements of land management in EU Organic agricultural production are the avoidance of practices that cause land degradation and a systems-based approach to land management. Being an organic program, producers must be able to prove that their land and its management meet organic requirements for at least three years prior to certification.

50%

EU Organic producers must maintain and enhance soils, and landscapes, demonstrating prioritization of land health outcomes in production.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, specific preventative and restorative actions in regard to defroestation are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production – specific preventative and restorative actions in regard to land conversion are not outlined.

30%

0%

The main risks associated with biodiversity are deforestation and land degradation, as well as pesticide and insecticide use at the farm level. There is no evidence that a management plan is required to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers act upon aspirational recommendations that go beyond what is required.

20%

Biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity on the production unit.

50%

The maintenance and preservation of biodiversity is a priority objective of organic agriculture in the EU.

50%

EU Organic producers are to respect habitat corridors where present. They are also to incorporate native species as part of cover or rotation crops where possible.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic producers are required to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization.

67%

EU Organic agriculture maintains natural crossing borders and the populations of native species through harvesting plans, and restricts many synthetic chemical inputs.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring—whether intervention is taken is dependent on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

37.5%

38%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemicals, waste, and waste byproducts as well as fertilizer and pesticide application at the farm level. However, EU Organic Cotton requires waste produced in cotton growing to be reused as inputs for later production. In this way, risks of waste streams during production are mitigated.

25%

EU Organic Cotton requires the use of on-field waste and by-products to be returned to the field as organic amendments/inputs.

50%

EU Organic Cotton production requires the feedstock to be completely biobased and therefore renewable.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalog of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and a low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for the intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Common Monitoring & Evaluation Framework [CMEF] to evaluate the effectiveness of the Common Agricultural Policy [CAP]. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information-sharing among authorities but not with the public. The Monitoring & Evaluation Learning [MEL] guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements toward Theory of Change [ToC] goals were found in the document.

36%

50%

GOTS producers are required to comply with local and national environmental laws on emissions to air, wastewater discharge and disposal of waste and sludge. Additionally, producers are required to demonstrate an environmental policy, stating responsibilities, consumption data, and target goals to reduce energy and water use.

13%

GOTS requires producers to monitor their Scope 1 emissions in the form of criteria to identify—and subsequently reduce—GHG emissions arising from production.

50%

GOTS production criteria state that improvements in energy use and emissions are to be identified and measured—with the goal of reducing those identified emissions over time.

25%

GOTS producers are required to follow a hazardous chemical ban and make commitments to continually improving energy efficiency.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to implement a climate adaptation plan.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

48%

Organic Cotton is 48% less GHG-intensive than cotton with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

Organic Cotton uses 53% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

62%

50%

GOTS requires producers to develop plans that identify water use and quality, as well as ways to improve on these figures, alongside annual onsite reviews.

50%

GOTS requires producers to use natural resources such as water responsibly. Requirements for certification include monitoring the use of water resources, and demonstrating withdrawal monitoring at the state and pressure levels.

50%

GOTS production requires regular water contamination/quality monitoring at the state and pressure levels.

50%

There is no evidence that GOTS certification outlines specific water resources—such as surface or groundwater—in the avoidance of water overuse in production.

50%

GOTS requires producers to outline surface water quality as a prioritized objective—one that is underpinned by regular monitoring and a continuous improvement framework.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for withdrawal and consumption, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

25%

While GOTS does require producers to conduct wastewater analysis, a comprehensive water strategy for contamination is not required, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

75%

Cotton is 100% biobased and does not run risks of oil and gas extraction. While GOTS does implement low chemical input, there is no synthetic chemical restriction or commitment to renewable energy.

91%

Organic Cotton causes 91% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

91%

Organic Cotton uses 91% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

75%

Organic cotton’s eutrophication potential is 75% lower than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

60%

50%

GOTS producers are required to have a written environmental policy and procedures in place to monitor and minimize waste and discharge, including staff training on chemicals with an annual onsite review.

75%

GOTS outlines requirements for producers in relation to chemical management, such as separation from other chemicals, labeling [Material Safety Data Sheets], handling, and disposal. Furthermore, training is provided to workers to ensure the retention of best practices in chemical management, and a responsible person is nominated to facilitate the chemical side of GOTS compliance.

63%

GOTS producers are required to use only those inputs in the GOTS Positive list, which aligns with international conventions. Additionally, chemical monitoring takes place in the form of maintaining discharge and effluent limits. The results of this monitoring guide remediation actions.

50%

GOTS producers are required to continually promote a non-toxic environment through the restriction of synthetic chemicals and fertilizers. GOTS also requires producers to reduce levels of chemicals used and discharged during production.

55%

GOTS production demonstrates a comprehensive water strategy in limits to chemical discharge into water and discharge of sludge during production.

67%

Organic cotton scores 67% lower than cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

54%

50%

GOTS requires producers to identify—and subsequently reduce—wastes generated during production. This is underpinned by regular monitoring.

25%

GOTS producers are required to identify and monitor sources of waste that are generated during production. This is underpinned by conventional recycling practices.

50%

GOTS cotton production requires feedstock to be completely biobased and therefore renewable

10%

30%

GOTS requires adherence to statutory or collectively bargained minimum wages and the development of a plan to cover the Wage Gap and pay a Living Wage to its Workers. “Piece rate” wages should align with hourly rates. Clean accommodation, sanitation facilities, and rest areas must be provided. Employment conditions should be communicated clearly. Training on labor rights is necessary. Work hours should not exceed 48 per week with 24 consecutive hours of rest. Producers should not use multiple fixed-term contracts to evade obligations.

8%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 29 and 105, prohibiting the use of forced labor and compulsion to work under fear of penalty, including through methods of force or intimidation. These requirements include instances where persons have not offered themselves voluntarily [such as servitude bonded, trafficking, or indentured labor].

21%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 138 or 182, prohibiting child labor, especially at night or in hazardous conditions, safeguarding to protect against the use of child labor, and remediation to ensure the child gets access to appropriate resources [such as education, etc.]. If a young worker is employed, it will be done such that access to continued education and/or educational opportunities [technical or vocational training] is provided.

16%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 100 or 111, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of personal characteristics or beliefs, such as race, national extraction, social background, religion, age, disability, marital status, parental status, association or trade union membership, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation or political opinion, and assurance that equal remuneration [including benefits] is provided to men and women workers for work of equal value.

17%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 87, 98, 135 and 154. Producers must respect employees’ rights to freedom of association, union membership, and collective bargaining. GOTS producers should support trade unions, provide resources for organizing and bargaining, protect workers’ representatives from harm, and inform workers about their rights. If restricted by law, alternative means for exercising these rights must be established.

30%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 155 and 187 and national laws and regulations to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions. Producers are required to implement an OHS system, consider industry knowledge and hazards, and protect vulnerable workers. Measures must be taken to prevent accidents and provide personal protective equipment. Access to facilities like toilets and clean water should be provided. Accommodations must meet basic needs. Senior management is responsible for health and safety, and training should be provided.

6%

GOTS requires producers to ensure that living wages for workers are calculated and compared with remuneration data, and a plan is developed to cover the wage gap to pay workers a living wage. This addresses some, but not all risks at scale for the livelihoods of workers.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to participate in consultations with local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or that it requires producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GOTS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

11%

GOTS requires producers to implement grievance mechanisms and remediation. Due diligence is in accordance with OECD guidelines and producers must respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; grievances related to harassment or gender-based discrimination are referred to a dedicated sub-process. The grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously, include whistle-blower protection, and support trade unions. Oversight is assigned to senior management and should provide regular training.

13%

GOTS requires producers to implement a gender equality policy to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation [including prohibition of discriminatory hiring based on sex, prohibition of threats of dismissal or negative employment outcome due to marital or pregnancy decisions, and protection of equal opportunity]. The encouragement of confidential reporting of abuse and subsequent investigation of abuse is also required.

65%

50%

The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) published their latest Theory of Change (ToC) in March 2023, which provides both visual and textual information. Having a unified GOTS standard allows textile processors and manufacturers to export their fabrics and garments with a single organic certification accepted in major markets. The ToC does not include time-bound or measurable indicators and is not communicated explicitly to its stakeholders.

75%

GOTS has defined a clear procedure for standard development and revisions. The standard document and implementation manual undergo a revision every 3 years, and may continuously be updated between the Standard revisions. Public consultations are held for the revision with multiple stakeholder input rounds. No information is shared on the analysis and research that has gone into the definition of the standard.

50%

All staff, including the advisory council, standards committee, certifiers council, and general staff, are listed on the GOTS website. The organization does not have organization-wide policies for impartiality and inclusiveness. The GOTS webpage provides details about the roles and responsibilities of different teams and departments. Information on becoming a member or participant in GOTS’ governance structure is not clearly available.

100%

The document “Conditions for the use of GOTS Signs” outlines labeling requirements and associated fees for companies in the GOTS program. Certified entities must implement segregation systems to prevent mixing organic and conventional fibers. Clear labeling and identification of organic materials are required in the chain. Misuse of GOTS signs or misleading claims is addressed with potential penalties and termination of rights. Claims can be made on a content-base only, not on an outcome-base.

100%

The assurance document covers supply chain, traceability, and quality assurance policies and procedures for certification and auditing bodies. Clear roles and responsibilities are provided for certification and accreditation bodies. The frequency of audits is specified, including unannounced on-site visits. GOTS has an implementation manual and requires training for auditors. Personnel must have appropriate training and knowledge relevant to the processing facilities.

83%

Accreditation bodies must comply with ISO/IEC Guide 17011. Section 5.2.3.4 explains procedures for addressing minor and major non-conformities, which can lead to suspension or withdrawal. Suspended organizations are publicly disclosed. Certified organizations are not incentivized to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities. Certification bodies can achieve scope and transaction certificates as evidence of their compliance and quality work, and sharing audit data.

25%

GOTS conducts risk-based auditing. Prior to each audit, a risk assessment is conducted for each certified entity and associated subcontractors. Additional audits may be conducted based on the risk assessment, or fewer audits for low-risk entities. However, no separate publicly available risk management plan is found, there is no clear definition or quantification of risk or threat communicated in the documents, and there is no overview of the current risks in the sector.

50%

GOTS provides an elaborate complaint procedure on their website to handle and resolve complaints effectively. Visitors can submit complaints or feedback, which will be evaluated and processed. However, it is unclear who will receive and handle which complaint. After evaluation, the complainant will be informed about the progress and any additional information required. The option for stakeholders to provide input has not been made public.

50%

GOTS has an M&E system which feeds into their Theory of Change: The most recent ToC is based on GOTS’ M&E findings. However, there is no tracking of progress towards ToC indicators published. An Annual Report is published, however, evaluation findings are not on outcome- or impact- but on output-level. GOTS does not define what data is available to whom under what circumstances.

26%

8%

0%

13%

13%

8%

0%

0%

13%

48%

53%

46%

13%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

75%

91%

91%

75%

43%

25%

13%

25%

25%

35%

67%

53%

25%

50%

50%

100%

83%

50%

50%

0%

0%

30%

0%

20%

50%

50%

0%

67%

25%

27%

19%

13%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

62%

75%

54%

75%

59%

75%

67%

38%

50%

63%

32%

15%

EU Organic Legislation states that organic production should focus on adaptation to diverse climate conditions and contribute to the protection of the environment and climate. Specific methods and outcomes/thresholds for these requirements, however, are not outlined in the legislation.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology to address the risks present at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

EU Organic highlights responsible energy use as a guiding principle of organic agricultural production, though the legislation does not require commitments to continual improvement on energy efficiency.

25%

EU Organic agricultural production requires climate change mitigation practices and outcomes in the form of beneficial soil health practices to prevent soil degradation and erosion. EU Organic also restricts synthetic chemistry use to mitigate effects of climate change.

15%

EU Organic agricultural production requires water cycling and withdrawal monitoring—it also supports climate resilience through the implementation of soil-enhancing practices.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above-ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

25%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, and preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction, and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as a proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon.

48%

Organic Cotton is 48% less GHG intensive than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

Organic Cotton uses 53% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

49%

25%

Organic agriculture results in lower water risk and reduces synthetic chemistry use, as crops are primarily rainfed. In fulfilling the requirement to not exploit water resources and quality, EU Organic producers must be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water contamination is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that prioritized metrics for water health related to withdrawal are utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines specific water resources such as surface or groundwater in the avoidance of water contamination in agricultural production.

75%

Organic cotton is a 100% biobased feedstock. As an organic material, the use of synthetic fertilizer is restricted.

91%

Organic Cotton causes 91% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

91%

Organic Cotton uses 91% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

75%

Organic cotton’s eutrophication potential is 75% lower than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

50%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to pesticide and insecticide application. There are requirements in place that form a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways as well as encouraging practices and procedures that maintain and enhance chemical management. These include measures on exposure [human and environment], chemically-synthesized medicine, and more.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals where preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address, to varying degrees, the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage in a way that tackles some risks with using chemistry at scale at the farm level. The legislation, however, does not contain provisions for the nomination of a chemical-responsible party or monitoring for continual improvement opportunities regarding chemical management.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation on the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of synthetic chemicals are prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

67%

Organic cotton scores 67% lower than cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

53%

25%

EU Organic outlines that soil quality and maintenance are primary objectives for organic cotton production.

50%

EU Organic requires state and pressure monitoring for the quality of soil to ensure that requirements of maintaining and enhancing soil quality are met.

50%

EU Organic production requires the continual improvement of soil health outcomes, such as soil organic matter and fertility.

100%

EU Organic highlights many priority soil health outcomes, including nutrient and carbon cycling, soil microbial activity and structure, and chemical content.

83%

EU Organic requires the use of beneficial soil practices to increase soil quality long-term. These practices include crop rotations, organic amendments and residues, and minimal tillage.

50%

Common elements of land management in EU Organic agricultural production are the avoidance of practices that cause land degradation and a systems-based approach to land management. Being an organic program, producers must be able to prove that their land and its management meet organic requirements for at least three years prior to certification.

50%

EU Organic producers must maintain and enhance soils, and landscapes, demonstrating prioritization of land health outcomes in production.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, specific preventative and restorative actions in regard to defroestation are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production – specific preventative and restorative actions in regard to land conversion are not outlined.

30%

0%

The main risks associated with biodiversity are deforestation and land degradation, as well as pesticide and insecticide use at the farm level. There is no evidence that a management plan is required to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers act upon aspirational recommendations that go beyond what is required.

20%

Biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity on the production unit.

50%

The maintenance and preservation of biodiversity is a priority objective of organic agriculture in the EU.

50%

EU Organic producers are to respect habitat corridors where present. They are also to incorporate native species as part of cover or rotation crops where possible.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic producers are required to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization.

67%

EU Organic agriculture maintains natural crossing borders and the populations of native species through harvesting plans, and restricts many synthetic chemical inputs.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring—whether intervention is taken is dependent on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

37.5%

38%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemicals, waste, and waste byproducts as well as fertilizer and pesticide application at the farm level. However, EU Organic Cotton requires waste produced in cotton growing to be reused as inputs for later production. In this way, risks of waste streams during production are mitigated.

25%

EU Organic Cotton requires the use of on-field waste and by-products to be returned to the field as organic amendments/inputs.

50%

EU Organic Cotton production requires the feedstock to be completely biobased and therefore renewable.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalog of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and a low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for the intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Common Monitoring & Evaluation Framework [CMEF] to evaluate the effectiveness of the Common Agricultural Policy [CAP]. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information-sharing among authorities but not with the public. The Monitoring & Evaluation Learning [MEL] guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements toward Theory of Change [ToC] goals were found in the document.

23%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement an emissions management plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement an emission monitoring plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate strategy.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate mitigation plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate adaptation plan.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

48%

Organic Cotton is 48% less GHG-intensive than cotton with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

Organic Cotton uses 53% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

45%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water management plan, therefore risks still exist.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water monitoring plan for withdrawal and consumption.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water monitoring plan for contamination.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water strategy for withdrawal and consumption.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water strategy for contamination.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for withdrawal and consumption, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for contamination, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

75%

As a biobased feedstock, cotton does not run risks of oil and gas extraction. However, as OCS does not make any commitments to renewable energy, risks of extraction contaminating water still exist.

91%

Organic Cotton causes 91% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

91%

Organic Cotton uses 91% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

75%

Organic cotton’s eutrophication potential is 75% lower than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

36%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a chemical management plan, therefore risks relating to the use of fertilizers and pesticides include risks to water sources.

0%

As a chain of custody standard, OCS does not contain environmental criteria and therefore does not demonstrate requirements relating to chemical management practices such as handling, labeling, separation or disposal. Consequently, a responsible person and monitoring for continual improvement on these metrics are not present in the standard either.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to conduct chemical monitoring or restricted chemistry lists.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a chemical strategy.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence to suggest that OCS producers are required to implement a comprehensive chemical strategy.

67%

Organic cotton scores 67% lower than cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

16.67%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS producers are required to reduce waste through stated plans, therefore risks of improper chemical management exists.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence to suggest that OCS producers are required to maximize waste through stated plans, despite cotton waste largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments.

50%

Cotton is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor [in alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105, and ILO Protocol 29] and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requires large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and, subsequently, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to: implement a health and safety management procedure or system; provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work; or designate responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts and for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or for certified producers to take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about the key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

28%

55%

ISCC EU requires that producers have a management plan in place to reduce GHG emissions through fossil fuel use efficiency and increased renewable energy generation, recording site-specific metrics related to fuel usage and fuel volume per hectare or per unit of product. ISCC EU also requires a risk assessment that is supported by a multistakeholder process in the context of GHG emissions.

63%

ISCC EU requires that the reduction of multiple pollutants at the farm level—including nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, sulfur compounds, and more—is recorded and monitored. Emissions are monitored across Scopes 1, 2, and 3 and measurements are tracked against the program’s climate targets. Remediation actions are undertaken when monitoring inputs yield negative environmental, social, and/or cultural impacts.

65%

ISCC EU requires that GHG emission reductions are named as a prioritized outcome, and that continuous improvement towards this outcome is demonstrated. It also has a 2008 cutoff date for changing the status of areas with high biodiversity or carbon stock values, which further helps to prohibit the expansion or intensification of GHG emissions at the farm level.

90%

ISCC EU requires that organic and mineral fertilizers are applied appropriately, soil health practices that minimize erosion risk are utilized, renewable energy usage is increased, energy efficiency is increased through lighter machinery, and that measures are taken to support the long-term economic viability of the production unit.

25%

ISCC EU requires that riparian buffer zones are protected and maintained, efficient irrigation techniques such as rainwater harvesting are implemented, and that soil health practices (such as cover cropping and intercropping) are utilized.

40%

ISCC EU requires that biomass is not produced on peatland as of January 2008 or thereafter and prohibits any intensification related to the drainage of peatland. Practices such as drainage of peatlands are explained and discouraged, and producers are required to show evidence that any operations concerning peatland are not negatively impacting the health of peat soils. Monitoring impacts on soil quality and carbon is also required alongside peatland water management practices.

70%

ISCC EU requires that biomass is not produced on above-ground carbon stocks as of January 2008 or thereafter. Practices such as degrading above-ground carbon stocks are explained and discouraged, and producers are required to show evidence that operations are not negatively impacting the health of above-ground carbon stocks.

38%

ISCC requires that specific soil health practices and measurements are taken into account to determine soil carbon sequestration. These include indirect measurements such as proven soil health practices, as well as direct evidence of soil carbon sequestration through field testing.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that ISCC EU production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to global warming potential.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that ISCC EU production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to abiotic or fossil fuel resource depletion.

33%

58%

ISCC EU requires a water management plan that considers risks associated with withdrawals and the contamination of water resources. As well as being continuously updated, the management plan needs to have annual documentation of efficient water usage during irrigation, the responsible use of organic fertilizers and agrochemicals, and waste discharge. The management plan also considers stakeholders and impacts downstream of the management unit.

63%

ISCC EU requires producers to assess and evaluate the use and recharge rates of their water source and set up a water use plan to optimize the use of water resources.

63%

ISCC EU requires producers to monitor for water contamination, to ensure that the practices in place are effective. They are also required to report direct evidence of water contamination to local authorities and ensure that management responses are adaptive to monitoring inputs.

60%

ISCC EU requires that water health, as it relates to withdrawals, is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is demonstrated. The required environmental impact assessment also helps to prohibit the expansion or intensification of new cultivation that results in water availability loss.

60%

ISCC EU requires that water health, as it relates to contamination, is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is demonstrated. The required environmental impact assessment also prevents the expansion or intensification of new cultivation that results in water contamination.

50%

ISCC EU requires that groundwater and rainwater consumption are named as prioritized metrics for water use.

50%

ISCC EU requires groundwater and surface water contamination to be reported to local authorities if direct evidence is found.

63%

Cotton is a 100% biobased feedstock. While there are requirements in place for the responsible use of organic fertilizers and agrochemicals, there is no prohibition of synthetic chemicals used in production. Increasing renewable energy usage is required as a part of the ISCC EU management plan, but the degree to which producers are expected to increase their renewable energy usage is unclear.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that ISCC EU production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to water scarcity.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that ISCC EU production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to water consumption.

25%

Conventional cotton scores 25% better than Cotton Made in Africa on the likelihood of eutrophication during production. As there is no LCA data in the Higg MSI available for ISCC EU, conventional figures are used.

30%

25%

ISCC EU has requirements in place for integrated pest and fertilizer management with an established recording system that is kept up to date and works towards continuous improvement. Producers are also required to seize on opportunities to minimize chemical usage as often as possible.

80%

ISCC EU requires that labeling instructions and all requirements (protective clothing, storage, handling, maximum amount, etc.) are followed. In addition, any workers who are involved in the chemical handling or application process must have certificates of competence or other records of qualification. Producers are required to review opportunities for continuous improvement.

63%

ISCC EU requires that monitoring takes place for causes of chemical-induced degradation (specifically heavy metals and other contaminants) and that chemicals from the following lists will not be applied: WHO classes 1a and 1b, Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, and Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention. Remediation actions are undertaken when monitoring inputs yield negative environmental, social, and/or cultural impacts.

50%

ISCC EU requires that chemical management is named as a prioritized outcome, and that continuous improvement is demonstrated insofar as chemical discharge into waterways is monitored. The responsible use of fertilizers and agrochemicals is also required, as is the general reduction of the of chemical usage wherever possible.

80%

ISCC EU requires that chemical discharge into water and air, and the management of chemical inputs (through restricted chemistry lists) are both prioritized metrics within standard system documentation. There are also requirements in place for the discharge of solid waste to be prioritized.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to chemistry.

56%

60%

ISCC EU requires a soil health management plan that is site-attuned, adaptive, updated annually, and considerate of stakeholders.

59%

ISCC EU requires that various metrics, including soil quality, contamination, and erosion, are monitored and measured to ensure soil health is protected. Management responses are linked to monitoring inputs/outputs and periodical soil analysis is carried out to maintain and improve soil conditions.

73%

ISCC EU requires that soil health is named as a prioritized outcome and continuous improvement is demonstrated through management actions. The required environmental impact assessment also prevents the expansion or intensification of new cultivation that would result in soil health degradation. Positive outcomes for soil health are also identified in documentation.

67%

ISCC EU requires producers to prioritize the following metrics: the prevention and control of erosion, maintaining and improving soil nutrient balance, maintaining and improving soil organic matter, maintaining and improving soil pH, maintaining and improving soil structure, maintaining and improving soil biodiversity, and the prevention of salinization.

83%

ISCC EU requires the use of appropriate management measures, including crop rotation, cover cropping, crop residues, low till, and intercropping.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence of requirements for a land management plan within ISCC EU documentation.

25%

ISCC EU requires that land-use (health) is named as a prioritized outcome through the protection of areas with high carbon stock or biodiversity values.

25%

While ISCC EU requires a January 1, 2008 deforestation cutoff date, this requirement focuses more broadly on changing the status of areas with high biodiversity or high carbon stock, which includes forested areas. There is also evidence that ISCC EU requirements have resulted in risk reduction for deforestation.

25%

While ISCC EU requires a January 1, 2008 land conversion cutoff date, this requirement focuses more broadly on changing the status of areas with high biodiversity or high carbon stock. There is also evidence that ISCC EU requirements have resulted in risk reduction for land-use change outcomes.

44%

48%

ISCC EU requires an annually updated biodiversity action plan that is adapted to local conditions, considerate of stakeholders, and focused on the protection of biodiversity and pollinators. ISCC EU also requires the use of integrated pest management, which can complement the biodiversity action plan.

20%

ISCC EU requires the identification of areas with high biodiversity values and an integrated pest management plan, which indicate some monitoring of the causes of biodiversity loss (such as land-use change and fertilizer application) and the state of biodiversity health (including soil fertility).

75%

ISCC EU requires that biodiversity is named as a prioritized outcome, and that continuous improvement is demonstrated through the protection of key biodiversity areas and accompanying assessments alongside integrated pest management. Activities of expansion or intensification are prohibited through a January 1, 2008 cutoff date for biomass produced on land with a high biodiversity value.

100%

ISCC EU requires native species to be used as a part of the production system. It also requires that riparian areas, buffer zones, and habitat corridors are maintained and documented.

10%

ISCC EU requires that at least 5% of the farm is established to protect biodiversity and pollinators.

33%

ISCC EU requires an integrated pest management plan to protect the local environment and species within it. In addition, producers are not allowed to hunt or collect any native wildlife or plants inside the management unit, unless a monitoring program is in place to ensure sustainable levels of use.

25%

ISCC EU requirements prohibit the introduction of invasive species.

42%

38%

ISCC EU has requirements in place for a waste management plan that focuses on preventing the following: waste, burning certain waste materials on-site, contaminating on-site landfill disposal, contamination associated with the disposal of ash, and gray water runoff and disposal.

38%

ISCC requires that recycling takes place to reduce waste. In addition, traceability and chain of custody are clearly linked to the separation and organization of certified waste streams in production.

50%

Cotton is a 100% biobased feedstock and inherently renewable.

20%

23%

ISCC EU requires that producers adhere to a living wage that meets the statutory minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, maintain daily worker records, prohibit successive temporary work contracts for permanent work, provide remuneration no less than that wage, comply with a stated reasonable time limit of no less than 48 hours, provide all entitlements guaranteed, clearly define expectations related to terms and conditions, and provide quality accommodation, water, and sanitation facilities.

23%

ISCC EU requires that forced labor is prohibited in keeping with ILO Conventions 29 and 105, and that there are periodic risk assessments looking at risk factors including forced labor for migrant workers. There are also sector-specific requirements in place related to identity card ownership and handling.

21%

ISCC EU requires that producers do not to employ child labor/young workers to perform hazardous work (as defined in ILO Conventions 138 and 182), and that steps are taken to prevent the worst forms of child labor. ISCC EU requires that periodic risk assessments take place, but it is unclear if this extends to assessing for child labor among migrant workers. It is also required that negative social impacts are identified and that a participatory social and legal compliance assessment takes place.

25%

ISCC EU requires producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111, as well as discrimination on other grounds such as age, sexual orientation, disability, or caste. ISCC EU also bases its requirements on ILO Standard 100, whereby all workers should receive equal remuneration for work of equal value. ISCC EU requires that periodic risk assessments take place, but it is unclear if they extend to assessing non-discrimination for migrant workers.

27%

ISCC EU requires that producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98, that the program raises awareness for workers regarding their rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining, and that the program takes a gender-sensitive approach in implementing freedom of association.

26%

ISCC EU requires that workers are provided with PPE, receive adequate health and safety training, and that young workers (15-18), pregnant workers, disabled workers, or workers who suffer from chronic or respiratory diseases should not undertake hazardous work that jeopardizes their health, safety, or morals. It is also required that designated responsibility is in place for the health and safety of workers.

9%

While ISCC EU does not have a theory of change that includes explicit mentions of increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability for producers and own-account workers, there are requirements for working towards a living wage and creating a business plan that reflects a commitment to the long-term economic viability of the farm.

37%

ISCC EU requires that legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples are respected and that free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) is applied in cases of new land acquisitions. Indigenous groups are engaged when a negative impact is identified and a participatory social impact and legal compliance assessment must be conducted. It is also specified that women should be engaged in stakeholder consultation.

15%

ISCC EU requires producers to show that land is being used legitimately and traditional land rights have been secured. This includes the producer being able to identify and respect existing land rights and show all necessary documentation related to the legal use of the land. However, there is no elaboration on whether these requirements extend to water as well.

31%

ISCC EU requires that a participatory consultation takes place within local communities to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts. It is also required that producers disclose risks and impacts as well as taking a gender-sensitive approach to promoting democratic participation and community consultation.

0%

There is no evidence in its documentation that ISCC EU requires producers to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

11%

ISCC EU requires producers to have procedures in place to receive complaints from workers or the surrounding community. It also stipulates that an independent mediator should be assigned and addressed by the elected person of trust. ISCC EU also requires that complaints are dealt with in a timely manner.

13%

ISCC EU requires that certified producers take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation.

88%

50%

The organization presents a Theory of Change in its impact report, outlining desired impacts and pathways. The standard’s objective is to promote sustainable biomass practices. Theory of Change goals are measurable but lack time frames. It does not mention active stakeholder engagement in socializing its Theory of Change.

75%

The organization defines clear procedures for standard development and revisions. It specifies that all standards are revised every five years, per ISCC quality guidelines. Non-fundamental adjustments are directly communicated, while public consultations are held for new or strategic changes. The standard-setting procedure does not include analyzing critical sustainability issues or assessing indicator effectiveness.

75%

ISCC’s governance composition includes a management team for the operational business and a board that provides strategic oversight. The organization is open to membership. No clear roles or responsibilities are defined for the management team. The organization has documented several impartiality and inclusive policies.

100%

ISCC defines a clear claims policy to ensure consistency. The policy differentiates between mass balance accounting and physical segregation. For mass balance, on-product logos are allowed if over 90% certified materials are used; less than 90% requires a proportion statement. The consequences of misuse of claims include legal action. The policy distinguishes product- and outcome-based claims, offering guidance on greenhouse gas emissions reduction claims.

100%

The organization provides a clear procedure detailing assurance provider requirements. Certification bodies and auditors must be impartial, independent, and free from conflicts of interest. Accreditation should come from recognized bodies. Roles, responsibilities, and training modules for auditors are described. Audits must be conducted annually, promoting timely recertification.

83%

ISCC defines clear procedures for conformity assessment. Corrective measures for non-conformities, especially major or critical cases, are detailed. Violations can lead to certificate suspension or withdrawal. Sanctions against certification bodies are possible, depending on the type and degree of non-compliance. Risk assessment shapes audit intensity and sample size, which in turn motivates certified organizations to fully comply with the standard.

100%

Assurance policies require auditors to conduct risk evaluations during certification audits, which influence audit intensity and sample size. The organization has a separate risk management policy covering the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of risk. It identifies and provides examples of general, land-related, and waste/residue risks, assessing and classifying them into regular, medium, and high levels.

100%

The organization’s website offers separate contact forms for complaints, grievances, or fraud allegations, and general feedback or inquiries. Instructions for submitting complaints are clearly detailed. A procedure with clear roles and responsibilities is defined for the handling of feedback and conflict resolution. New or strategic document changes undergo public consultation with stakeholders.

100%

ISCC reports on key evaluation findings in their Impact Report. The report discloses outcomes, like waste management and renewable energy improvements, based on auditor feedback. The system is evaluated every five years. ISCC’s reports to the European Commission, along with certificates and related data, are published on the ISCC website. The monitoring and evaluation system is linked to the Theory of Change, and progress towards those goals is reported.

20%

50%

MyBMP requires producers to consider site-specific energy use and efficiency practices, focusing on energy sources, irrigation techniques, and fuel efficiency on machinery.

25%

Emission reduction is a prioritized module of MyBMP producers, covering both scope 1 and scope 2 emissions through energy use and efficiency at farm level, monitoring energy inputs, and efficiency of irrigation and machinery.

25%

Emission reduction is a prioritized outcome for MyBMP producers, assessing and improving machinery performance along with assessing and improving irrigation pump performance and efficiency, however, there is no evidence to demonstrate actions are taken following monitoring into continuous improvement.

75%

MyBMP producers are required to consider lower carbon production methods through the adoption of process innovations in soil health, transitions to renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency procedures in machinery and irrigation pump performance.

50%

MyBMP producers are required to demonstrate climate adaptation practices to prevent and minimize climate change disruption through the use of irrigation techniques, rainfall storage, protection of riparian areas, and weather warning systems.

25%

The MyBMP producers are required to adhere to the sustainable Natural Landscape module to map and identify natural resources whilst maximizing ground cover to prevent erosion and improve soil health and stabilizing riverbanks and waterways to reduce erosion.

25%

The MyBMP producers are required to adhere to the sustainable Natural Landscape module to map and identify natural resources whilst maintaining a vegetation structure and re-vegetation techniques.

38%

Soil carbon sequestration and emissions are required to be identified across MyBMP producers’ farms. Soil structure assessments are likely to demonstrate soil carbon sequestration.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

32%

38%

MyBMP producers are required to implement site-specific water management practices, including surface irrigation, center pivot and lateral moves, drip irrigation as well as dryland water usage.

63%

MyBMP requires producers to maintain efficient water management and storage practices, including metering and monitoring, irrigation scheduling, legislative compliance, and managing storage to minimize seepage and evaporation. MyBMP focuses on the minimization and mitigation of negative impacts of direct operations on water quantity.

63%

MyBMP requires producers to maintain efficient water management and practices to prevent run-off, including testing water quality, and monitoring of water use, maintenance of systems and managing of storage. MyBMP focuses on the minimization and mitigation of negative impacts of direct operations on water quality.

0%

MyBMP producers are required to understand water use and efficiency whilst conducting performance evaluation and benchmarking.

50%

MyBMP producers are required to understand water quality and participate in water quality sampling programs.

100%

MyBMP requires producers to consider groundwater, surface water and rainwater catchments.

75%

MyBMP requires producers to consider groundwater and surface water along with saltwater movements within the water contamination strategy.

63%

Cotton feedstock is 100% biobased. While MyBMP requires producers to consider alternative energy sources on farms, petrochemicals are still utilized.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

25%

Cotton with no standard system scores 25% better than Cotton Made in Africa in the likelihood of eutrophication during production – as no LCA data in the MSI is available for MyBMP, cotton with no standard system figures are used.

14.25%

63%

MyBMP producers are required to use only locally registered or permitted products on farms. The grower ensures pesticide application takes place only during appropriate weather conditions [i.e. field-specific weather parameters are established] and follows the application method as stated on the label.

25%

MyBMP outlines requirements for producers to store chemicals in a safe way, with proper separation and ventilation in the storage process. Additionally, the standard includes provisions for the safe cleaning and disposal of chemicals—while training is provided in regard to the use of PPE, it is unclear whether or not this training extends to include other chemical management considerations.

25%

MyBMP producers are required to adhere to safety monitoring of petrochemicals, conduct weather monitoring activities to avoid spray drift, restrict hazardous chemicals and monitor limits of chemical waste.

25%

MyBMP demonstrate practices to reduce hazardous chemicals through phasing out and aligning to BCI for closed loop transfer systems.

5%

MyBMP requires producers to consider the impact of chemical discharge into waterways, with focus on spraying parameters and water quality.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

48%

50%

MyBMP requires producers to implement a soil health management plan, including adapting fertilization to soil conditions, maintaining or improving soil quality, and avoiding or minimizing soil erosion risks.

25%

MyBMP requires producers to monitor impacts and adapt management as necessary. The monitoring focuses on identifying pressure and state of soil health, a fertilizer plan focused on recording trends, and in-crop monitoring used to assess nutrient levels.

50%

MyBMP requires producers to identify soil health as a prioritized outcome and demonstrate continuous improvement, however, there is no evidence to suggest soil health is considered around the management unit.

83%

MyBMP requires producers to demonstrate prioritized outcomes for soil carbon cycle, soil structural health, soil water cycle and soil nutrient cycle, and chemical balance.

50%

Beneficial soil health practices are required for MyBMP producers, including crop rotation, intercropping and crop residues.

38%

MyBMP requires land management practices through the Sustainable Natural Landscape MyBMP module. Producers must identify natural resources, preserve, and enhance habitat for beneficials.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, no evidence suggests that MyBMP-certified producers are required to demonstrate priority toward land use health outcomes.

25%

MyBMP producers take steps to reduce the risk of deforestation on the production unit. Evidence of this is found in criteria to maintain and improve native plant species diversity and minimize removal of fallen trees for habitat considerations. No commitments to cut-off dates are found in the certification.

25%

MyBMP producers take steps to reduce the risk of land conversion on the production unit. Evidence of this is found in criteria to maintain and improve native plant species diversity and obtain approval before the modification or removal of native flora and fauna species on the production unit. No commitments to cut-off dates are found in the certification.

32%

0%

Although the Sustainable Natural Landscape module does consider biodiversity through re-vegetation techniques, there is no evidence that MyBMP requires producers to implement a biodiversity management plan.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP requires biodiversity monitoring to be carried out by producers.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP requires a biodiversity strategy to be carried out by producers.

100%

MyBMP requires producers to maintain native vegetation diversity and connectivity, record natural features such as riparian areas in farm plans, and maintain awareness of corridors, patches and single trees and how they link across the farm.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP requires producers to set aside a portion of the production unit for naturalization.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP requires producers to protect against human-wildlife conflict and foster positive human-wildlife coexistence.

25%

MyBMP aligns with the national legislation requirements associated with clearing native vegetation, modifying riverine areas, and controlling invasive plants and animal.

17%

0%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals at the farm level. While MyBMP require producers to dispose of waste of in an appropriate manner, there is no evidence of MyBMP requiring producers to demonstrate a waste reduction plan.

0%

Although waste is disposed of in an appropriate manner, there is no evidence of MyBMP requiring producers to monitor waste streams for reuse and recycling, either across chemical use and/or fiber.

50%

Cotton is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock. There is no evidence that MyBMP requires producers to source from organic or recycled sources.

8%

25%

MyBMP requires adherence to wages specified in the Modern Award; including 38 hours per week, reasonable extra hours, and wages through cash or transfer. Pieceworkers align with the National Employment Standards, including bargaining obligations and arrangements for hours, rostering, notice periods, breaks, and variations in working hours. Employment terms, including the Fair Work Information, are adhered to and communicated. Casual employees have the right to request conversion within 12 months. Accommodation is provided for overnight stays, and working hours are recorded.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP has requirements that account for forced labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from forced labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105, and ILO Protocol 29. Furthermore, there are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate forced and compulsory labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and ILO 105.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP has requirements that account for child labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from child labor or employ young workers to perform hazardous work, as defined in ILO Conventions 138 and 182. Furthermore, there are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor.

23%

MyBMP requires adherence to ILO Convention 111, providing a workplace that does not discriminate, including discrimination on other grounds. In addition, MyBMP provides an anti-discrimination policy and requires equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal or comparable value.

8%

MyBMP requires adherence to the Modern Award, Entries Agreement and National Employment Standards [Fair Work Act 2009] for requirements relating to freedom of association. While there is evidence that rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining are required, there is no requirement to align with ILO Conventions 87 and 98, and to this end risks are not adequately addressed.

30%

MyBMP requires producers to provide a safe working environment, committing to Work Health and Safety obligations with a formal system in place; a process to manage the risk of hazardous chemicals and risks from machinery and equipment; providing personal protective equipment [PPE]; and responsibility to enforce health and safety policies along with monitoring of activities.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP has requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically relating to predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods, or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is evidence that MyBMP has requirements in place relating to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that MyBMP requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP has requirements in place for community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements for participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that MyBMP has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization. That is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization [such as heavy restrictions on democratic processes, civil rights, or systemic, state-supported violations of one or more human rights].

7%

MyBMP requires producers to manage disputes in accordance with the model terms for enterprise agreements and has sufficient provisions for resolutions through the Modern Award. Furthermore, MyBMP aligns with the Australian Fair Work Act on the appointment of representation for dispute resolution and for harassment to be handled through a dedicated process.

6%

MyBMP requires adherence to the Modern Award legislation and must not include terms that discriminate against an employee because of sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, intersex status or other factors. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

23%

50%

The Strategic Plan for 2018-2023 outlines the organization’s strategic goals and initiatives to achieve its vision. The standard document explains the aim of the standard and its relation to broader goals. The Strategic Plan references annual Operational Plans that detail the implementation of key priorities, including objectives, timeframes, and performance indicators. However, these are not publicly accessible. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

0%

The organization does not clearly define its procedures for standards development.

75%

The organization has a Board and Executive team, the latter of which has responsibilities mentioned on the website and annual report. The organization does not have governing policies in place to guarantee impartiality and inclusiveness. Membership is open to various cotton industry organizations, allowing them to nominate representatives for General Meetings. However, the process for applying for membership is unclear and not specified.

0%

The organization does not have documented policies and procedures to ensure the claims system is implemented consistently.

17%

The standard document describes the organization’s assurance approach. It is not mentioned what entity takes the role of accreditation body and whether this body is part of an independent organization. Not all roles and responsibilities for both certification and accreditation bodies are clear. It is not clear whether certification bodies are required to conduct audits at least annually. There is no clear guidance available to auditors on the standard’s content and assurance requirements.

17%

The organization gives only a very basic overview of the procedures for assessing conformity. It refers to a separate Audit Procedures and Guidelines document, but this does not seem to be publicly available.

0%

The organization does not require assurance partners to conduct risk-based auditing.

50%

The website contains a contact form for general questions, comments and feedback, as well as contact details. These are complemented by basic instructions. There a no clear roles and responsibilities defined for handling feedback, disputes, complaints and grievances. Stakeholders are not actively informed about opportunities to provide input.

0%

The organization does not define a guiding framework for its monitoring, evaluation, and learning system.

55%

50%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce GHG emissions relating to farm level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate emission and environmental management plans at production sites addressing overall GHG emissions relating to energy use and emissions to air.

50%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. However, emissions are still commonly created during production due to collection, processing, and shipping. GRS does, however, require producers to monitor energy use at production level, meeting legal requirements, record keeping, and reviewing annually to set meaningful targets.

50%

As a recycled cotton, significant climate impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate environmental management as a prioritized outcome at the production level, demonstrating ambition to set emission-related targets and improvements.

25%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce the overall impact to climate at material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to adopt lower carbon practices for climate mitigation through setting and meeting targets for meaningful improvements in energy use and emissions.

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce the overall impact to climate at material sourcing. While best practices may be executed, GRS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

82%

Recycled Cotton – GRS is 82% less GHG intensive than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

70%

Recycled Cotton – GRS uses 70% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

73%

50%

Water-related risks in mechanically recycled cotton are significantly low due to the little water used and wasted in recycling. In addition, GRS requires producers to comply with relevant legislation relating to water use and wastewater, demonstrate water management practices, and conduct annual reviews on and offsite.

88%

Water use for mechanically recycled cotton is significantly lower than virgin cotton. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate water monitoring practices, measure and record outputs, and set meaningful improvements that are reviewed annually.

88%

Wastewater or effluent for mechanically recycled cotton is low. Generally recycled cotton is mechanically recycled and uses low amounts of water, but some chemicals may remain from the original inputs. Therefore, it is important to ensure harmful and restricted substances are not found in the recycled product. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate water monitoring practices through record keeping, permits, drainage, wastewater identification and management, on and off-site.

50%

As a recycled cotton, significant water impact is reduced at the farm level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water use as a prioritized outcome, setting meaningful targets which are reviewed targets for improvements.

25%

As a recycled cotton, significant water impact is reduced at the farm level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water disposal as a prioritized outcome, identifying and treating wastewater, conducting tests and up-to-date compliance.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a water source consumption list. Therefore, coverage cannot be defined.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water strategy for water contamination. Therefore, coverage cannot be defined.

75%

GRS requires producers to input a recycled feedstock. In addition, cotton and recycled cotton are biobased feedstocks and do not require oil and gas extraction. As such, surface and groundwater risks do not exist. GRS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources, therefore some risk remains.

100%

Recycled Cotton – GRS causes 100% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

100%

Recycled Cotton – GRS uses 100% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

98%

Recycled Cotton eutrophication potential is 98% lower than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

70%

50%

Generally, mechanically recycled cotton poses less risks than cotton with no standard system due to its inherent production practices. Any toxic substances often exist from the original inputs, meaning that it is important to ensure harmful and restricted substances are not found in the recycled product. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate a chemical management system with accurate lists and data sheets, and annual reviews.

50%

GRS criteria require producers to handle, separate, dispose, and label chemicals used in accordance with the FAO ICCPM. The standard also outlines provisions for a chemical-responsible person and training to maintain the above practices where necessary.

50%

Generally, mechanically recycled cotton poses less risks than cotton with no standard system due to its inherent production practices. In addition, GRS requires producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management. This also includes restrictions of chemical substances and alignment to the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substance List.

50%

For recycled cotton, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the farm level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate continuous improvement methods with ongoing reviews of chemical restriction lists and annual progress reviews, demonstrating chemical strategy as a prioritized outcome.

100%

Generally, mechanically recycled cotton poses less risks than cotton with no standard system due to its inherent production practices. GRS producers are required to prioritize chemical discharge into air and water. They are also required to ensure sludge receives proper treatment and disposal and that the Restricted Substance List is followed for input and output chemicals.

67%

Recycled Cotton scores 67% lower than cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

54%

92%

Mechanically recycled cotton utilizes pre and post-consumer feedstock, reducing feedstock that would otherwise be sent to landfill or incineration. In addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually.

50%

Mechanically recycled cotton utilizes pre and post-consumer feedstock, reducing feedstock that would otherwise be sent to landfill or incineration. In addition, GRS requires producers to monitor and take actions to reuse and recycle waste streams.

50%

GRS requires producers to input recycled feedstock for production. Mechanically recycled cotton is sourced from pre and post-consumer waste.

10%

18%

GRS requires adherence to legal minimums, industry benchmarks, or collective agreements for wages and working conditions. Work weeks should not exceed 48 hours and breaks, time off, and holidays should be respected. Alternative forms of workers’ representation and negotiation should not be hindered. Workers must receive written information on their employment conditions. Non-permanent work should not be exploited to evade labor obligations. Access to clean facilities and drinkable water is mandatory. Employment relationships must comply with national legislation and international labor standards.

17%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 29, prohibiting forced or compulsory labor, bonded labor, and indentured labor. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 105 or ILO Protocol 29, or provisions to prevent forced labor.

21%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 138: Producers shall not recruit child labor or exploit children in any way and shall not employ young workers under 18 years of age at night. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 182, or provisions to prevent child labor.

19%

GRS requires that producers do not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination on the basis of gender, age, religion, marital status, race, caste, social background, diseases, disability, pregnancy, ethnic and national origin, nationality, membership in worker organizations including unions, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or any other personal characteristics. There are no requirements relating to ILO Convention 111.

21%

GRS requires producers to provide workers with the right to join or form trade unions or workers’ associations and the right to bargain collectively; producers shall not interfere with, obstruct or prevent such legitimate activities. While there is evidence that rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining are required, there are no requirements to align with ILO Conventions 87 and 98. To this end, risks are not adequately addressed.

26%

GRS requires producers to provide safe and clean working conditions, train workers and management in waste management, handling and disposing of chemicals and dangerous materials, and prevention of accidents and injury, provide sanitation and drinking water facilities, assign a health and safety representative, and provide and record health and safety training.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires adherence to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements for participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

6%

GRS requires producers to not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination in employment due to gender. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about the key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

40%

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce GHG emissions relating to farm level. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate emission management at the production level, therefore emissions may still commonly be created

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. However, emissions are still commonly created during production due to collection, processing, and shipping. While best practices may be executed, RCS do not require producers to demonstrate emission monitoring at production sites.

25%

While RCS do not require producers to implement an emission strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impacts of farm level. Emissions are still commonly created during the cutting/shredding process, however, the overall emission impact is reduced and therefore recognized as a prioritized outcome.

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce the overall impact to climate at material sourcing. While RCS does demonstrate reduced impact to climate, producers are not required to adopt lower carbon practices.

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce the overall impact to climate. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

82%

Recycled Cotton – RCS is 82% less GHG intensive than cotton with no standard system using data from the Higg MSI.

70%

Recycled Cotton – GRS uses 70% fewer fossil fuel resources than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

57%

0%

Water-related risks in mechanically recycled cotton are significantly low due to the little water used and wasted in the recycling process and the removal of water usage at farm level. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water risk management.

0%

Water use for mechanically recycled cotton is significantly lower than virgin cotton. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water withdrawal monitoring at production sites, which poses risks to the environment and local community.

0%

Wastewater or effluent for mechanically recycled cotton is low. Generally, the process of recycling uses little water, but some chemicals may remain from the original inputs. It is therefore important to ensure harmful and restricted substances are not found in the recycled product. Furthermore, while best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water contamination monitoring at production sites and as such, risk still remains.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the overall water use. In addition, little water is utilized in the process of recycling therefore demonstrating water as a prioritized outcome.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the potential of contaminated water. In addition, little wastewater is produced in the process of recycling therefore demonstrating water as a prioritized outcome.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS producers are required to outline a water source consumption list.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS producers are required to outline a potential water source contamination list.

63%

RCS requires producers to input a recycled feedstock. In addition, cotton and recycled cotton are biobased feedstocks and do not require oil and gas extraction. As such, surface and groundwater risks do not exist. RCS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources, therefore some risk remains.

100%

Recycled Cotton – GRS causes 100% less water scarcity than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

100%

Recycled Cotton – GRS uses 100% less water than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

98%

Recycled Cotton eutrophication potential is 98% lower than cotton with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

12%

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce chemical risks at the material sourcing level due to the removal of fertilizer. However, minimal risks at production still exist from the original inputs. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate a chemical management system at the production site.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that chemical management practices are utilized at scale to address risks for recycled cottonl at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce chemical risks at the material sourcing level, but minimal risks still exist at production sites. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management.

25%

For recycled cotton, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the farm level. While RCS does not require producers to implement a chemical strategy, the little use of chemicals reduces risks associated with chemical discharge, demonstrating chemistry as a prioritized outcome.

40%

While the inherent production practices of mechanically recycled cotton reduce chemical risks at the farm level, minimal risks still exist at production sites. While RCS does not require producers to prioritize a chemical strategy, chemical discharge and the manufacturing inputs are prioritized metrics.

67%

Recycled Cotton scores 66.67% lower than cotton with no standard system on the Higg MSI chemistry score.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

25%

0%

Mechanically recycled cotton utilizes pre and post-consumer feedstock, reducing feedstock that would otherwise be sent to landfill or incineration. While best practices may be executed and waste is minimal, RCS does not require producers to reduce waste in production and conduct waste management, tracking and separation.

50%

Mechanically recycled cotton utilizes pre and post-consumer feedstock, reducing feedstock that would otherwise be sent to landfill or incineration. While best practices may be executed and waste is minimal, RCS does not require producers to conduct waste stream utilization efficiency.

2%

RCS requires producers to input recycled feedstock for production. Mechanically recycled cotton is sourced from pre and post-consumer waste.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for forced labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from forced labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 abd 105 and ILO Protocol 29. Additionally, there are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate forced and compulsory labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for child labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from child labor or employ young workers to perform hazardous work, as defined in ILO Conventions 138 and 182. There are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically relating to predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place for community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements that require participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements in disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization [heavy restrictions on democratic processes, civil rights, or with systemic, state-supported violations of one or more human rights].

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about the key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress toward set targets.

9%

0%

While GHG reductions are an organization-wide goal, there is no evidence that REEL producers are required to implement a climate or emissions management plan.

35%

REEL producers monitor the emissions generated on-site during cotton production. This monitoring is supported by specialists and measured against REEL’s climate/emissions targets.

50%

CottonConnect has named GHG emission reductions as a priority in REEL production. Their impact report shows evidence of continuous improvement in lowering GHG emissions over time.

25%

REEL producers demonstrate climate mitigation in requirements to enhance soil health through organic amendments and intercropping as well as through implementing restricted chemical lists.

30%

REEL producers demonstrate climate adaptation through requirements to enhance soil health through intercropping and precision irrigation procedures. The Women in Cotton pilot project provides climate adaptation training and identifies opportunities to adapt to climate change in cotton production.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that below-ground carbon stocks and peat soils have improved management protections under REEL certification.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that above-ground carbon stocks have improved management protections under REEL certification.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that recording soil carbon sequestration is required for REEL cotton production.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that REEL production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to global warming potential.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that REEL production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to abiotic or fossil fuel resource depletion.

24%

68%

REEL producers are required to implement water management plans that record water use volumes and identify the water sources that will be used in production. This plan must be developed in collaboration with relevant stakeholders to ensure that water sources are conserved.

63%

REEL producers are required to identify water sources and their stability before using them in production. Producers must also record the volumes of water used for irrigation. REEL applies a SMART approach to monitoring and management plans, and results are monitored and used to update/adapt water use procedures.

30%

REEL has published an LCA report that highlighted a lower risk of water contamination when compared to a non-certified baseline. This can serve as a partial example of monitoring for the pressures to and state of water contamination.

50%

Optimizing water withdrawal values and processes is a named objective of REEL certification. Evidence of progress is tracked through records of producers’ water use. Water use figures found in REEL’s annual impact report highlight continuous improvement in water use when compared to baseline values.

25%

REEL has published an LCA report that shows a commitment to continuous improvement in water contamination, relative to baseline values.

0%

While producers are required to keep track of water usage throughout production, there is no evidence that specific water sources are named in the tracking of water use.

25%

Surface water quality is named as a priority metric in REEL cotton production. REEL specifically identifies water quality preservation as it pertains to chemical runoff.

63%

REEL producers work with cotton varieties that are region-specific or recommended for the production unit. Cotton is a biobased fiber, which reduces the risks associated with oil and gas extraction during production.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that REEL production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to water scarcity.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that REEL production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to water consumption.

25%

Conventional cotton scores 25% better than Cotton Made in Africa on the likelihood of eutrophication during production. As there is no LCA data in the Higg MSI available for REEL, conventional figures are used.

21%

25%

REEL cotton producers are required to ensure that all chemicals (pesticides/fertilizers) used are not listed in the REEL Code of Prohibited Chemicals. Additionally, producers must ensure that chemicals are targeted specifically to the intended use case. Producers are provided a list of acceptable chemicals to use in production.

20%

REEL producers are required to adhere to the industry’s chemical handling best practice guidance on chemical labeling, storing, separating, and disposal.

63%

REEL producers are prohibited from using chemicals that are banned in international agreements such as the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions. Remediation procedures and updates to the chemical management plan are developed using monitoring results.

50%

REEL producers are required to reduce the volume amounts of pesticides used over time. Records of volumes used are available.

52%

REEL producers are required to prioritize mitigation of runoff/discharge into bodies of water. There are requirements to address the possibility of sludge and solid waste discharge. Additionally, producers are required to follow a restricted chemical inputs list that aligns with the Stockholm and Rotterdam conventions.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to chemistry.

46%

50%

REEL producers are required to implement soil health management plans that take into account site-specific soil considerations on soil fertility and erosion.

40%

REEL producers are required to identify soil conditions through a soil analysis to determine levels of organic matter before the use of fertilizers. This shows producers monitor some aspects of the state of soil health.

25%

REEL producers are required to take measures to increase soil fertility and decrease erosion, demonstrating that soil health is prioritized during production.

33%

REEL outlines soil structure and nutrient values as priority objectives in certified production.

83%

REEL producers engage in crop rotation, intercropping, low till (depth and frequency), and the use of organic amendments and crop residues to promote soil health.

50%

REEL demonstrates requirements for a land management plan in its criteria to identify protected areas and primary and secondary forests, and not develop unproductive land. REEL management plans are adaptive to monitoring results and reviewed annually.

25%

REEL producers demonstrate ambition in land strategy by actively restoring unproductive land but not converting it to produce cotton.

50%

REEL producers are required to take steps to reduce deforestation risk and address past harms through restoration. Primary and secondary forests over ten years old must not be converted for production, and restoration procedures are in place for forests under ten years old to address any harm caused by production.

50%

REEL producers are required to take steps to reduce land conversion risks and address past harms through restoration. Primary and secondary forests over ten years old must not be converted for production, and restoration procedures are in place for forests under ten years old to address any harm caused by production.

28%

30%

REEL producers are required to implement an Integrated Pest Management system which necessitates that they be aware of certain biodiversity values and pest-related risks on the production site. Additionally, procedures are put in place to maintain those low levels of pest-induced damage to crops.

10%

REEL producers are required to be aware of the pest presence in the production unit – this is representative of monitoring for some of the causes of biodiversity loss.

25%

REEL certification highlights biodiversity as a priority objective through the protection of biodiversity values in pest control procedures.

25%

REEL producers are required to identify, maintain, and restore buffer zones on the production unit.

0%

While REEL outlines that unproductive land must be restored for naturalization, it is unclear if producers are required to use a minimum amount of land for set-asides.

33%

REEL producers implement non-lethal control measures for pests, as well as restricting the use of certain chemicals and their applications to reduce risk to the environment through runoff or leeching.

70%

REEL producers are required to take action to mitigate the introduction of pests to the production site and prevent their spread. Mechanical controls are prioritized over the use of chemicals or lethal measures.

44%

25%

REEL producers are required to reintroduce organic residues of production back onto the field as fertilizer and identify hazardous waste streams with appropriate disposal techniques. This represents a general waste reduction plan.

58%

REEL producers are required to separate organic and hazardous waste streams from others. REEL producers recycle organic residues to be reintroduced back onto the field for production.

50%

REEL producers work to produce cotton, a renewable, bio-based resource. However, there are no commitments to use recycled inputs.

17%

21%

REEL Code of Conduct requires that payment and working hours are stipulated by regional and national legislation. There are additional criteria in place for equal pay for equal work regardless of gender or nature of contract (such as full-time vs temporary), and that temporary contracts are not used for work that is full-time. REEL also requires that provisions on breaks, bonuses and overtime pay are detailed in contracts provided to workers. Sanitation and hygiene stations are also provided to workers.

28%

Forced labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105 is expressly prohibited under the REEL certification criteria, which includes sector-tailored provisions aimed at preventing forced labor on cotton farms. REEL requires that a grievance and remedy procedure is in place.

28%

REEL requires that children under the age of 15 are not employed on producer farms, and that the worst forms of child labor do not occur. Incidences of any kind of child labor will be documented in order to support a monitoring and remediation plan for child labor.

29%

REEL requires producers to prevent and address instances of discrimination of any kind. This extends to discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, disability, age, etc. There is a grievance and remedy procedure in place to raise grievances on discrimination, with the aim of achieving remediation.

32%

REEL producers are free to unionize and associate. Management cannot discriminate against individuals for joining a union, interfere with decisions to join or the activities of worker unions, or limit the scope of collective bargaining. Additionally, REEL requires that if there is no union presence on a farm, a worker committee is to be democratically elected to represent workers in management decisions. A grievance and remedy procedure is in place and workers’ unions/committees are aware of its procedures in the event that management does not obey legal rules.

18%

REEL producers are required to implement an occupational health and safety management plan that consists of: a responsible party for implementing chemical procedures, safe chemical handling, application, and disposal protocols, adequate personal protective equipment provided to those who handle chemicals, and hygiene and sanitation stations on the production unit.

23%

The REEL Code of Conduct has a theory of change that outlines increasing producer income as a central component. Furthermore, REEL requires producers to ensure a safe work environment, offer fair pay aligned with regional standards, and promote communal development initiatives. Producers emphasize equal pay for women and empower them in cotton projects.

0%

There is no evidence that REEL requires producers to engage with or identify legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

25%

REEL producers must comply with land and water tenure agreements in accordance with national law. Cotton must be planted in regions suitable for production, or regions that have historically been known to grow cotton.

0%

There is no evidence that REEL requires producers to engage with the local community to identify, address, or mitigate certain impacts resulting from production.

0%

There is no evidence that REEL requires producers to monitor whether there is a sufficient human rights-enabling environment to operate.

11%

A grievance mechanism is required in REEL cotton production. It has a committee in place for handling grievances relating to gender issues and women’s rights. Additionally, the grievance process is accessible to anyone who may be impacted by the activities of cotton production and is intended to provide remedy in cases of harm.

13%

REEL producers are required to eliminate gender-based discrimination and pay gaps. These criteria take some steps to address gender-based violence and harassment in cotton production.

58%

100%

The organization has published a Theory of Change, stating the desired impacts of the program and strategic pathways and interventions to achieve them. The standard document describes the objective of the standard and the overarching goal of the program it is part of. The goals set in the Theory of Change are both measurable and time-bound. The Theory of Change is actively communicated to—and socialized among—relevant stakeholders.

83%

The organization behind the standard has published a separate document describing the process through which the standard was developed. Revisions have been made no more than five years apart. There are no procedures for making urgent substantive and non-substantive changes outside the full revision process. The document states that public consultations are part of the development and revision process, and as well as the research it is based on.

75%

The website provides an overview of the organization’s governance composition, mentioning the different roles and responsibilities of the executive management team. The organization has several policies in place that are publicly available, including safeguarding, anti-bribery and -corruption, and conflict of interest policies. There is no option for membership or similar level of participation in governance.

33%

The organization has published a separate document containing its chain of custody and traceability framework, as well as its claims system. However, it remains unclear what the requirements are for making sure that claims are in line with the chain of custody model, or what the procedures and consequences are for the misuse of claims.

50%

The organization has published its assurance approach. While the organization partners with third-party verifiers, it is not mentioned whether these verifiers are accredited by independent accreditation bodies. Not all of the roles and responsibilities of certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required. There is no clear guidance available to auditors on the standard’s content and assurance requirements.

0%

The standard organization does not define clear procedures for conformity assessment, which would enable the consistent determination of non-conformity levels.

0%

The organization does not require assurance partners to conduct risk-based auditing.

100%

The website provides a contact form and basic contact details for providing feedback, as well as a special email address for grievances and complaints. These are complemented by basic instructions. A separate document provides guidance on how to submit input and the policies and procedures on how and by whom the input will be handled. Stakeholders are actively invited to provide input for the development and revision of the Theory of Change and MEL system.

81%

The organization has published multiple reports on the organization and program’s achieved impact. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The organization defines the frequency by which it will evaluate its system components. There is no policy or procedure for data communication. A guiding framework is provided in the latest impact report, which also defines how tracked performance is linked to goals set in the Theory of Change and how progress towards these goals is measured.

22%

38%

REEL Regenerative producers are required to implement a site-specific emissions management plan that outlines key climate considerations and mitigation/adaptation procedures.

35%

REEL producers monitor the emissions generated on-site during cotton production. This monitoring is supported by specialists and measured against REEL’s climate/emissions targets.

75%

CottonConnect has named GHG emission reductions as a priority in REEL production. Their impact report shows evidence of continuous improvement in lowering GHG emissions over time. As part of the Regenerative Code, producers must not intensify production if emissions stand to increase significantly.

50%

REEL producers demonstrate climate mitigation in requirements to enhance soil health through organic amendments and intercropping and through implementing restricted chemical lists As part of the Regenerative code, producers must engage in practices that improve energy efficiency and use renewable sources – notably through using crop residues.

30%

REEL producers demonstrate climate adaptation through requirements to enhance soil health through intercropping and precision irrigation procedures. The Women in Cotton pilot project provides climate adaptation training and identifies opportunities to adapt to climate change in cotton production.

25%

As part of the Regenerative Code, producers are required to identify areas of high biodiversity and natural vegetation. Measurable increases in carbon sequestration both above and below ground are required.

63%

REEL producers are required to identify forest types on the production unit so that they may be protected and restored correctly. These requirements stipulate that any expansion of cotton production cannot be to the detriment of the forest’s identified value. Measurable increases in carbon sequestration, both above- and below-ground, are required.

33%

REEL Regenerative producers are required to demonstrate a measurable increase in carbon sequestration.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that REEL production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to global warming potential.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that REEL production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to abiotic or fossil fuel resource depletion.

26%

68%

REEL producers are required to implement water management plans that identify the water sources in production and their stability, and record water use volumes. This plan must be developed in collaboration with relevant stakeholders to ensure that water sources are conserved.

63%

REEL producers are required to identify water sources and their stability before using them in production. Producers must also record the volumes of water used for irrigation.

30%

REEL Regenerative producers must ensure that water used for irrigation is safe for human health, and submit analytical proof if there is any doubt over this. REEL has published an LCA report that highlighted a lower risk of water contamination when compared to the baseline. This can serve as a partial example of monitoring for the pressures to and state of water contamination.

75%

Optimizing water withdrawal values and processes is a named objective of REEL certification. Evidence of progress is tracked through records of producers’ water use. Water use figures found in REEL’s annual impact report highlight continuous improvement in water use when compared to baseline values. As part of the Regenerative Code, producers must demonstrate that there is no evidence of the depletion of water sources on the production unit (or within a 500m radius) as a result of water extraction.

25%

As part of the Regenerative Code, REEL producers make a commitment to water quality, specifically for the water used in irrigation. Additionally, REEL has published an LCA report that demonstrates a commitment to continuous improvement in water contamination when compared to baseline values.

0%

While producers are required to keep track of water usage throughout production, there is no evidence that specific water sources are named in the tracking of water use.

25%

Surface water quality is named as a priority metric in REEL cotton production. REEL specifically identifies water quality preservation as it pertains to chemical runoff.

63%

REEL producers work with cotton varieties that are region-specific or recommended for the production unit. Cotton is a biobased fiber, which reduces the risks associated with oil and gas extraction during production.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that REEL production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to water scarcity.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that REEL production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to water consumption.

25%

Conventional cotton scores 25% better than Cotton Made in Africa on the likelihood of eutrophication during production. As there is no LCA data in the Higg MSI available for REEL, conventional figures are used.

28%

75%

Producers must ensure that chemicals are targeted specifically for the intended use case. Producers are provided a list of acceptable chemicals to use in production. REEL management plans are adaptive and reviewed annually, as well as being designed with a SMART approach for making goals achievable, time-bound, and reflective of monitoring input.

20%

REEL producers are required to adhere to the industry’s chemical handling best practice guidance on chemical labeling, storing, separating, and disposal.

63%

REEL producers are prohibited from using chemicals that are banned in international agreements such as the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions. Remediation procedures and updates to the chemical management plan are developed using monitoring results.

75%

REEL producers are required to reduce the volume of pesticides used over time. Records of volumes used are available. As part of the Regenerative Code, producers must commit to phasing out herbicide use completely within five years of certification.

52%

REEL producers are required to prioritize mitigation of runoff/discharge into bodies of water. There are requirements to address the possibility of sludge and solid waste discharge. Additionally, producers are required to follow a restricted chemical inputs list that aligns with the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to chemistry.

55%

65%

REEL producers are required to implement soil health management plans that take into account site-specific soil considerations on soil fertility and erosion. As part of the Regenerative Code, training on producing and using compost is provided and community centers for the production of bio inputs have been established. This plan is adaptive and developed in collaboration with relevant stakeholders.

48%

REEL producers are required to identify soil conditions through a soil analysis to determine levels of organic matter before the use of fertilizers. This shows producers monitor the state of soil health. As part of the Regenerative Code, producers use the results of soil analysis to tailor and adapt nutrient management plans – addressing some aspects of soil health monitoring and remediation.

55%

REEL producers are required to take measures to increase soil fertility and decrease erosion, demonstrating that soil health is prioritized during production. As part of the Regenerative Code, producers are required to demonstrate continuous improvement in certain soil health values, such as soil biodiversity, through an annual soil health analysis.

33%

REEL outlines soil structure and nutrient values as priority objectives in certified production.

83%

REEL producers engage in crop rotation, intercropping, low till (depth and frequency), and the use of organic amendments and crop residues to promote soil health.

75%

As part of the Regenerative Code, producers are required to take steps to protect and tailor production practices to the land on the production unit. Additionally, REEL management plans are adaptive to monitoring results and reviewed annually. Expert stakeholders are consulted to develop the land management plan.

25%

REEL producers demonstrate ambition in land strategy by actively restoring unproductive land but not converting it to produce cotton.

50%

REEL producers are required to take steps to reduce deforestation risk and address past harms through restoration. Primary and secondary forests over ten years old must not be converted for production, and restoration procedures are in place for forests under ten years old to address any harm caused by production.

50%

REEL producers are required to take steps to reduce land conversion risks and address past harms through restoration. Primary and secondary forests over ten years old must not be converted for production, and restoration procedures are in place for forests under ten years old to address any harm caused by production.

48%

63%

REEL producers are required to implement an Integrated Pest Management system which necessitates an awareness of biodiversity values and risks on the production site. Procedures are additionally required to maintain those values and reduce risks to them. As part of the Regenerative Code, producers are required to map important biodiversity values on the production unit, such as native plants and threatened species.

63%

REEL producers are required to be aware of pest presence on the production unit. This is indicative of monitoring the causes of biodiversity loss. Additionally, as part of the Regenerative Code, producers are provided a map of threatened species in the region, which is indicative of monitoring the state of biodiversity in and around the production unit. REEL Regenerative producers use the results of biodiversity monitoring to tailor and adapt management plans.

75%

REEL certification highlights biodiversity as a priority objective through the protection of biodiversity values in pest control procedures. As part of the Regenerative Code, producers must demonstrate continuous improvement in biodiversity through increased native species counts. Additionally, the Regenerative Code requires that no expansion of production takes place if biodiversity values stand to be negatively affected.

25%

REEL producers are required to identify, maintain, and restore buffer zones on the production unit.

0%

While REEL outlines that unproductive land must be restored for naturalization, it is unclear if producers are required to use a minimum amount of land for set-asides.

33%

REEL producers implement non-lethal control measures for pests, as well as restricting the use of certain chemicals and their applications to reduce risk to the environment through runoff or leeching.

75%

REEL producers are required to take action to mitigate the introduction of pests to the production site and prevent their spread. Mechanical controls are prioritized over the use of chemicals or lethal measures.

52%

48%

REEL producers are required to reintroduce organic residues of production back onto the field as fertilizer and identify hazardous waste streams with appropriate disposal techniques. This represents a general waste reduction plan. The REEL Regenerative Code adds to this plan with requirements to keep fields free from inorganic waste and ensure that disposal techniques do not harm environmental or human health.

58%

REEL producers are required to separate organic and hazardous waste streams from others. REEL producers recycle organic residues to be reintroduced back onto the field for production. As part of the Regenerative Code, producers are required to keep waste (mainly field waste) at its highest quality to turn it into compost and bio inputs.

50%

REEL producers work to produce cotton, a renewable, bio-based resource. However, there are no commitments to use recycled inputs.

18%

21%

The REEL Regenerative Code requires that payment and working hours are stipulated by regional and national legislation. There are additional criteria in place for equal pay for equal work regardless of gender or nature of contract (such full-time vs temporary), and that temporary contracts are not used for work that is full-time. REEL also requires that provisions on breaks, bonuses, and overtime pay are detailed in the contracts provided to workers. Sanitation and hygiene stations are also provided to workers.

28%

Forced labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105 is expressly prohibited under the REEL certification criteria, which includes sector-tailored provisions aimed at preventing forced labor on cotton farms. REEL requires that a grievance and remedy procedure is in place.

28%

REEL requires that children under the age of 15 are not employed on producer farms, and that the worst forms of child labor do not occur. Incidences of any kind of child labor will be documented in order to support a monitoring and remediation plan for child labor.

29%

REEL requires producers to prevent and address instances of discrimination of any kind. This extends to discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, disability, age, etc. There is a grievance and remedy procedure in place to raise grievances on discrimination, with the aim of achieving remediation.

32%

REEL producers are free to unionize and associate. Management cannot discriminate against individuals for joining a union, interfere with decisions to join or the activities of worker unions, or limit the scope of collective bargaining. Additionally, REEL requires that if there is no union presence on a farm, a worker committee is to be democratically elected to represent workers in management decisions. A grievance and remedy procedure is in place and workers’ unions/committees are aware of its procedures in the event that management does not obey legal rules.

18%

REEL producers are required to implement an occupational health and safety management plan that consists of: a responsible party for implementing chemical procedures, safe chemical handling, application, and disposal protocols, adequate personal protective equipment provided to those who handle chemicals, and hygiene and sanitation stations on the production unit.

27%

The REEL Code of Conduct has a theory of change that outlines increasing producer income as a central component. Furthermore, REEL requires producers to ensure a safe work environment, offer fair pay aligned with regional standards, and promote communal development initiatives. Producers emphasize equal pay for women and empower them in cotton projects. As part of the Regenerative code, producers must help farmers diversify income and reduce input costs over time.

0%

There is no evidence that REEL requires producers to engage with or identify legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

25%

REEL Regenerative producers must comply with land and water tenure agreements in accordance with national law. Cotton must be planted in regions suitable for production, or regions that have historically been known to grow cotton.

0%

There is no evidence that REEL requires producers to engage with the local community to identify, address, or mitigate certain impacts resulting from production.

0%

There is no evidence that REEL requires producers to monitor whether there is a sufficient human rights-enabling environment to operate.

11%

A grievance mechanism is required in REEL cotton production. It has a committee in place for handling grievances relating to gender issues and women’s rights. Additionally, the grievance process is accessible to anyone who may be impacted by the activities of cotton production and is intended to provide remedy in cases of harm.

13%

REEL producers are required to eliminate gender-based discrimination and pay gaps. These criteria take some steps to address gender-based violence and harassment in cotton production.

58%

100%

The organization has published a Theory of Change, stating desired impacts of the program and strategic pathways and interventions to achieve them. The standard document describes the objective of the standard and the overarching goal of the program it is part of. The goals set in the Theory of Change are both measurable and time-bound. The Theory of Change is actively communicated to—and socialized among—relevant stakeholders.

83%

The organization behind the standard has published a separate document describing the process through which the standard was developed. Revisions have been made no more than five years apart. There are no procedures for making urgent substantive and non-substantive changes outside the full revision process. The document states that public consultations are part of the development and revision process, and as well as the research it is based on.

75%

The website provides an overview of the organization’s governance composition, mentioning the different roles and responsibilities of the executive management team. The organization has several policies in place that are publicly available, including safeguarding, anti-bribery and -corruption, and conflict of interest policies. There is no option for membership or similar level of participation in governance.

33%

The organization has published a separate document containing its chain of custody and traceability framework, as well as its claims system. However, it remains unclear what the requirements are for making sure that claims are in line with the chain of custody model, or what the procedures and consequences are for the misuse of claims.

50%

The organization has published its assurance approach. While the organization partners with third-party verifiers, it is not mentioned whether these verifiers are accredited by independent accreditation bodies. Not all of the roles and responsibilities of certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required. There is no clear guidance available to auditors on the standard’s content and assurance requirements.

0%

The standard organization does not define clear procedures for conformity assessment, which would enable the consistent determination of non-conformity levels.

0%

The organization does not require assurance partners to conduct risk-based auditing.

100%

The website provides a contact form and basic contact details for providing feedback, as well as a special email address for grievances and complaints. These are complemented by basic instructions. A separate document provides guidance on how to submit input and the policies and procedures on how and by whom the input will be handled. Stakeholders are actively invited to provide input for the development and revision of the Theory of Change and MEL system.

81%

The organization has published multiple reports on the organization and program’s achieved impact. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The organization defines the frequency by which it will evaluate its system components. There is no policy or procedure for data communication. A guiding framework is provided in the latest impact report, which also defines how tracked performance is linked to goals set in the Theory of Change and how progress towards these goals is measured.

7%

21%

ABR producers demonstrate general concepts of emissions management – understanding sources and future implications of emissions in production. They also mandate procedures for navigating increasing extreme weather occurrences.

11%

ABR requires producers to monitor scope I emissions from farm-level production such as emissions from waste.

21%

ABR producers are required to specify the importance of environmental/climate concerns in production as well as for the larger community and future.

21%

ABR producers are required to outline soil health practices and considerations in line with climate mitigation; soil water cycle, structure, and microbial content. It also has criteria to test that chemicals and fertilizers are applied in the correct dosage and manner to reduce overapplication and discharge.

21%

ABR requires producers to follow national legislation in maintaining riparian areas in production zones and implements procedures to navigate extreme weather events.

0%

No evidence suggests that ABR producers are required to outline criteria for the identification and subsequent protection of below-ground carbon stocks.

0%

No evidence suggests that ABR outlines criteria for the identification and subsequent protection of above-ground carbon stocks.

21%

No quantitative monitoring of soil carbon sequestration is mandated under ABR, though proxy measurements/monitoring are evidenced to take place in the form of soil structure verifications.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

30%

44%

ABR requires producers to produce site specific water management plans, identifying and mapping of water sources. It also stipulates maintaining water sources through production, avoiding over consumption or contamination. Room for improvement exists in regular updates and development with relevant stakeholders.

75%

ABR has requirements for monitoring the procedure and amount of water used daily at producer level, such as the identification of practices to ensure groundwater isn’t negatively impacted by production.

43%

The program requires monitoring water contamination pressures and state, minimizing impacts on water quality from chemical residues and monitoring for water quality to maintain a safe quality for human consumption.

46%

Monitoring daily water use is a priority requirement for ABR certification along with the stipulation that extraction can’t negatively impact waterways or sources leading to a system that can be expected to regularly minimize impacts and take steps towards more sustainable water consumption.

43%

ABR has criteria in place to keep water on production units at high quality: Implementing practices to minimize chemical contamination and keeping drinking water at potable quality.

43%

ABR demonstrates comprehensiveness in their water strategy by outlining key water sources to protect [in quality and quantity]: Surface water and groundwater.

64%

ABR demonstrates comprehensiveness in its water strategy by outlining key water sources to protect [in quality and quantity]: Surface, ground and drinking water from contamination.

63%

For cotton, the feedstock is 100% biobased. No commitments to renewable energy are applicable to cotton with no standard system production around the world.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

25%

Cotton with no standard system scores 25% better than Cotton Made in Africa in the likelihood of eutrophication during production – as no LCA data in the MSI is available for ABR, cotton with no standard system figures are used.

24%

43%

ABR requires components of regionally-specific chemical management plans: key information must be communicated to employees regarding how and when to apply chemicals, as well as necessary equipment and how to use it during the process. Evidence for the regular reviewing and updating of chemical management plans under ABR is not supported.

76%

ABR outlines requirements for producers to store, separate, label, and dispose of chemicals in line with national legislation. Records are kept of pesticides used, and their application methods.

46%

A priority criterion is implementing a ban on chemicals found in the Stockholm Convention, making it certain that ABR producers are at least compliant with one widely accepted chemical ban. There is a second criterion which makes it likely that producers also follow pesticide use as dictated by WHO and Rotterdam.

21%

ABR requires producers to understand the importance of chemical management in the production process and ensures it is communicated to all employees.

54%

As input chemistry is outlined to be a priority criteria for ABR producers, they can reasonably be expected to implement a widely-accepted Manufacturing Restricted Substance List, such as the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions. Additionally, producers have an explicit criteria to recognize the potential for chemical discharge into waterways.

0%

No LCA data is available in the MSI to show improved environmental outcomes compared production where no standard system is in place.

46%

50%

ABR producers are required to maintain several aspects of soil health: structural, biological, chemical, nutrient and water balance. These practices are focused on at the farm level, however, evidence doesn’t support a review and update process for soil management.

50%

ABR requires soil health outcomes that necessitate monitoring to fulfill, such as causes of degradation and state of soil quality. Proving optimal soil structure and nutrient balance is reflective of state monitoring whereas erosion control requires pressure monitoring.

43%

Soil health criteria are present throughout the ABR certification, and prioritized outcomes can be seen in criteria to prove soil health in terms of structure, water use and nutrient balance.

73%

ABR requires the demonstration of soil health outcomes/metrics including structural nutrient balance, microbial health, chemical balance and water retention.

0%

ABR mandates soil health outcomes in the form of soil structure, water retention and microbial health but doesn’t outline specific practices to produce these outcomes.

38%

ABR outlines that land must be managed according to national legislation, specifically in regard to expansion/conversion. Though without explicit land management concerns, risks still remain.

25%

National law prescribes percentages of set-asides to maintain permanently in production zones and requires any deforestation or land conversion to be in accordance with national legislation. However no requirements on continuous improvement to land health are identified in the certification.

50%

National law prescribes percentages of set-asides to maintain permanently in production zones and requires any conversion of natural land to be in accordance with national legislation.

75%

National law prescribes percentages of set-asides to maintain permanently in production zones and requires any deforestation or land conversion to be in accordance with national legislation.

53%

50%

ABR demonstrates concepts of biodiversity management: maintaining and restoring degraded areas and mapping areas of biodiversity importance in the production unit.

43%

The mapping of biodiversity features like springs, water bodies, and vegetation is indicative of monitoring the state of biodiversity. Additionally, with the implementation of an IPM, it can be expected with reasonable certainty that monitoring pressures on biodiversity such as chemical use on species will take place.

43%

ABR shows continuous improvement to biodiversity in the criteria to have plans for protecting and restoring degraded areas on the production unit.

43%

ABR highlights that producers must have plans in place for the protection and recovery of buffer zones and riparian areas.

93%

Producers in Brazil are required by law to set aside a percentage of their farm for naturalization. This figure stands to shift depending on the size of the farm and the ecosystems it’s on or near. For example, 20% of private farms should be conserved outside of the Amazon compared to 35% inside the region.

50%

ABR demonstrates two concepts of Species and Genetic Diversity: forbidding hunting on reservation land and non-lethal control methods under the IPM.

50%

ABR mandates the use of an Integrated Pest Management system [IPM] that prioritizes the use of beneficial organisms in maintaining resistance to and avoiding the introduction of invasive species.

17%

0%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals, waste, and waste byproducts as well as fertilizer and pesticide application at the farm level. There is no evidence to suggest that ABR aims to reduce waste produced in the cotton growing processes.

21%

ABR outlines considerations for turning waste streams to energy at the production level — no other actions to maximize the value of waste streams are supported.

50%

ABR mandates that producers purchase seeds from the National Seed Registry in Brazil, supporting that all feedstock is biobased, though no commitments to renewable energy are supported or required for ABR producers

10%

13%

ABR requires adherence to minimum salary and/or piece-rate pay in line with the national standards. In addition, ABR requires working hours and schedules in line with a 48-hour weekly limit inclusive of breaks, leave and social security considerations, and upholds the right to collective bargaining and join unions.

25%

ABR requires adherence to ILO Conventions 29 and 105, identifying coercion—physical, psychological or financial—as top forms of forced labor. In addition, ABR does not certify producers that force workers to make purchases exclusively at establishments chosen by employer, or producers that embarrass, harass or take benefits away from workers.

13%

ABR requires practices that address risks of child labor: children and adolescents [under 16 years old] should not be required or requested to work in cotton production—even occasionally. And while support is offered to parents to enroll kids in school, there are no provisions on child labor that are linked to ILO Conventions 138 and 182. As such, risks of compliance on child labor remain at the field level for ABR standard producers.

19%

ABR requires producers to prevent and prohibit discrimination in the workplace on the basis of age, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, and appearance, among others. ABR also specifies the prohibition of discrimination in the form of management-subordinate relationships and strengthens its monitoring of non-discrimination criteria through grievance and remedy channels.

27%

ABR requires adherence to production systems that prioritize freedom of association, i.e. production systems that do not interfere with workers’ right to unionize, do not discriminate against workers’ views or activities related to unions, and do not interfere or manipulate workers’ representatives or limit the scope on collective bargaining. Additionally, ABR raises awareness of workers’ right to unionize and collective bargaining.

18%

ABR requires producers to implement a health and safety management plan with a person responsible for overseeing the development and use of first-aid stations. ABR outlines requirements for the provision of PPE to workers free of cost, and chemical handling and restriction guidelines to further reduce the risk of chemical-related accidents.

13%

ABR has a core Theory of Change which promotes social, economic, and environmental success for cotton production/producers. As part of its Theory of Change, requirements are in place for responsible purchasing practices and offering inputs at sustainable prices.

0%

There is no evidence that ABR has requirements in place relating to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples or Engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

25%

ABR requires producers respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that ABR has requirements in place for community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements that requires participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that ABR has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization. That is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization [such as heavy restrictions on democratic processes or civil rights, or systemic, state-supported violations of one or more human rights].

0%

There is no evidence that ABR has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that ABR has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

13%

ABR requires producers to implement a transparent policy to prevent discrimination on the basis of gender and sexual orientation. However, no requirements on female worker engagement or participation in verifications are present in the standard. Furthermore, as no monitoring or remedy process is in place, risks of gender-based harassment and violence going unnoticed in production remain.

42%

75%

ABR’s strategy revolves around three pillars: social, environmental, and economic. It envisions a better land, life, and viable business. ABR follows the Better Cotton standard, which includes a Theory of Change in its standard. The strategy’s statements are generally broad, without specific targets or timelines. ABR conducts social projects with state associations, socializing its Theory of Change and collaborating on budgeting and activities.

0%

No standard-setting procedure for ABR could be found. The website states it is the result of the development and union of two programs—Instituto Algodão Social [IAS] in Mato Grosso, and the Socio-Environmental Program for Cotton Production [Psoal]—and the standard is benchmarked against the Better Cotton standard. However, no further procedures were found.

75%

ABR’s management structure comprises a General Assembly, Board of Directors, and Fiscal Council. There are no specific policies on impartiality and inclusiveness. Roles and responsibilities of the secretariat employees are defined on the website. ABR has been open to membership since 2014, with detailed regulations governing elections, the functioning of working groups, and admission procedures.

75%

ABR has extensive documentation on claims management and the Chain of Custody model. The model caters to different stakeholders and emphasizes transparency. It clarifies the mass balance Chain of Custody, ensuring cotton claims align with purchase quantities. Implementing partners play a crucial role in traceability and must report any misuse of Annual Authorised Volume [AAV] codes. However, there is no information regarding content- versus outcome-based claims.

58%

ABR has a separate document outlining policies and procedures for assurance providers, including oversight. Independent certification bodies accredited by ABR conduct external audits of farms. The roles and responsibilities of accreditation bodies are not specified. Training is provided to auditors, requiring participation in ABR program training to ensure knowledge of criteria, forms, and reporting. The training facilitates understanding of program requirements.

67%

ABR has procedures for handling non-conforming products, distinguishing between minor and major non-conformities. Major non-conformities must be corrected within 30 days. Improper use of the certificate or seal can lead to suspension or cancellation of usage rights. No evidence was found of a motivation mechanism for certified organizations or Certification Bodies.

0%

ABR does not take a risk-based approach to auditing. There is no explicit risk management plan, risk map, or published identification of risks specific to ABR or the cotton sector.

25%

General contact details and a contact form are available on the ABR website, which may be used to submit feedback, complaints and grievances. However, no clear instructions are provided. No clear roles and responsibilities are defined for handling feedback, complaints and grievances and no evidence was found of stakeholders being informed about opportunities to provide their input.

0%

ABR does not define a guiding framework for its Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning system.

16%

43%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires an emissions management plan that encompasses GHG emissions accounting and energy use monitoring, along with emissions mitigating practices, training and access to financial support for producers.

46%

US Cotton Trust Protocol has criteria that requires the monitoring of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from production. These measurements are tracked against the US Cotton ten-year goals in annual impact reports.

50%

As part of the ‘US Cotton Sustainability: 10 year industry goals’, producers commit to decrease their emissions by 39% by 2025. This is representative of a continuous improvement commitment to emissions reduction.

30%

US Cotton Trust Protocol (USCTP) requires producers to implement controlled-release and stabilized fertilizers, as well as procedures to reduce the chance of nutrient overapplication. USCTP is part of the USDA’s Climate-Smart Commodities program, which provides finance and training for producers with the aim of implementing climate-mitigating procedures.

30%

US Cotton Trust Protocol (USCTP) requires producers to protect and/or enhance riparian areas and implement soil health-building practices that increase organic content and water-holding capacity. USCTP is part of the USDA’s Climate-Smart Commodities program, which provides finance and training for producers with the aim of implementing climate-mitigating procedures.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that US Cotton Trust Protocol requires the identification and protection of peat soils.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that US Cotton Trust Protocol requires identification and protection of above-ground carbon stocks.

50%

US Cotton Trust Protocol has a robust monitoring system in place that quantifies soil carbon sequestration and aggregates it into a standard-wide database. These figures are also reflected in annual impact reports.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that US Cotton Trust Protocol production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to global warming potential.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that US Cotton Trust Protocol production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to abiotic or fossil fuel resource depletion.

26%

43%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to develop and implement a water management plan. This plan must be site-specific and in accordance with local legislation on water use and health values. Additionally, water management plan criteria are reviewed by US Cotton every three years.

50%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to monitor the state and pressures of water use efficiency during production. Producers are additionally required to feed these results into the standards database for aggregation.

50%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to monitor the state and pressures to water quality during production. Producers are additionally required to feed these results into the standards database for aggregation.

50%

As part of the ‘US Cotton Sustainability: 10 year industry goals’, US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are expected to decrease water use by 18%. This is representative of a continuous improvement commitment to water withdrawal.

25%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to take measures to prevent the contamination of water resources from sediment, chemicals, or fertilizers.

25%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to take measures to increase efficiency in rainwater use.

40%

US Cotton Trust Protocol recommends that producers consider streams, rivers, and lakes when protecting and fertilizing crops.

63%

Cotton is a biobased feedstock, which reduces the risks associated with oil and gas extraction for production. However, US Cotton Trust Protocol does not have commitments for renewable energy use or synthetic chemical restrictions.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that US Cotton Trust Protocol production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to water scarcity.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that US Cotton Trust Protocol production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to water consumption.

25%

Conventional cotton scores 25% better than Cotton Made in Africa on the likelihood of eutrophication during production. As there is no LCA data in the Higg MSI available for US Cotton Trust Protocol, conventional figures are used.

9%

43%

Between the implementation of Integrated Pest Management and Nutrient Management plans, US Cotton Trust Protocol requires a chemical management plan that is site-specific. Additionally, the criteria in the plan are reviewed and updated by US Cotton every three years.

15%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires producers to handle, store and separate, clean and dispose of the chemicals used in production.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence that US Cotton Trust Protocol requires producers to monitor for chemical use or implement a restricted chemistry list in line with international agreements such as the Stockholm, Rotterdam or Montreal Conventions.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence that US Cotton Trust Protocol requires continuous improvements on chemical use.

25%

US Cotton Trust Protocol prioritizes minimizing chemical runoff into bodies of water.

0%

There is no LCA data in the Higg MSI to indicate that US Cotton Trust Protocol production processes perform better than conventional cotton with regard to chemistry.

49%

43%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to implement a nutrient management plan to optimize and maintain soil quality during production. It is site-specific and includes provisions for identifying soil health risks. Additionally, the criteria in the plan are reviewed and updated by US Cotton every three years.

50%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to monitor the state of and pressures on soil quality. This includes measurements such as soil carbon and soil loss. Producers must also provide US Cotton Trust Protocol with soil quality data.

50%

As part of the ‘US Cotton Sustainability: 10 year industry goals’, producers are to increase soil carbon by 30% and reduce soil loss by 50%. This is representative of a commitment to the continuous improvement of soil health.

100%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to name microbial and structural health, carbon, water, and nutrient cycles, and chemical balance as priority objectives. This is done through monitoring, continuous improvement commitments, and soil health practices.

37%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires the promotion of soil health in all of its components. To increase soil carbon and reduce soil loss, producers implement low or conservation tillage, cover cropping, and crop rotation.

43%

US Cotton Trust Protocol demonstrates the implementation of a land management plan through criteria to identify and protect (not convert) sensitive areas and wetlands. It is site-specific and includes provisions for identifying risks of land degradation. Additionally, the criteria in the plan are reviewed and updated by US Cotton every three years.

50%

As part of the ‘US Cotton Sustainability: 10 year industry goals’, producers are required to increase land use efficiency by 13% from 2015-2025. This represents a commitment to the continuous improvement of land use health.

0%

While US Cotton Trust Protocol prohibits the use and conversion of wetlands for production, there is no evidence that this extends to forests.

25%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers take steps to reduce risk of land conversion—namely with regard to the conversion of and production on wetlands.

26%

20%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires the implementation of an Integrated Pest Management plan that takes into account historical pest information and monitoring to tailor practices to the production site – addressing some aspects of biodiversity management on the production unit. Additionally, the criteria in the plan are reviewed and updated by US Cotton every three years.

33%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires producers to monitor and identify pests on the production unit – representative of monitoring for pressures to biodiversity health. Furthermore, this information is to be reported to USCTP for aggregation in annual reports.

35%

US Cotton Trust Protocol names biodiversity as a priority outcome of certification. This is shown through commitments to species biodiversity and land use procedures.

50%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires producers to maintain buffer and riparian zones on the production unit. The standard also requires the use of host plants as pest resistance.

3%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers are required to retire unproductive land for naturalization, though there is no size threshold noted. Furthermore, set-asides are only required if the land is unproductive.

17%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires precision application of chemicals and pesticides to prevent runoff and leaching into the surrounding environment.

25%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires producers to monitor for pests on the production unit and implement prevention practices such as host plant resistance.

25%

25%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers follow procedures to preserve fiber quality in harvest and storage, and to minimize contamination from plastic and other contaminants.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence that US Cotton Trust Protocol mandates waste stream monitoring, separation, or reuse.

50%

Cotton is a renewable feedstock. However, the US Cotton Trust Protocol does not require any commitments to use recycled feedstock.

8%

23%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires wages to be equal to or higher than US federal minimum wage. Additionally, employers must disclose (orally or in writing) wage rates, housing, transportation, and working conditions. There is potable water and accessible hygiene stations are required on the production unit. Finally, US Cotton Trust Protocol has criteria in place to ensure equal pay for equal work, regardless of gender.

12%

US Cotton Trust Protocol mandates that no forced, coerced, or prison labor is to be permitted on certified production units.

8%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires that no underage labor takes place on production units, aligning with ILO conventions on child labor.

13%

In keeping with the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines, there is no discrimination of any kind permitted in the workplace. This also means that equal pay for equal work must be extended to workers regardless of race, gender, or ethnicity.

8%

US Cotton Trust Protocol producers have freedom of association. Workers/employees are free to create and join organizations of their choosing. Furthermore, management does not interfere with workers’ ability to bargain collectively.

14%

US Cotton Trust Protocol requires the implementation of a health and safety management system with emergency procedures, first aid kits, and access to transportation and medical facilities as needed. The standard also requires chemical handling best practice, from application to storage to cleaning and disposal. PPE must be provided, as well as access to potable water and hygiene stations.

6%

US Cotton Trust Protocol has a theory of change that aims to preserve the sustainability of producer livelihoods as a result of certification by the standard.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that customary land rights are factored into US Cotton Trust Protocol cotton production.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that customary land rights are factored into US Cotton Trust Protocol cotton production.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that community consultations are factored into US Cotton Trust Protocol cotton production management plans.

0%

While individual producers may have procedures in place, there is no evidence to suggest that an enabling environment for human rights realization is assessed in US Cotton Trust Protocol cotton production monitoring.

11%

US Cotton Trust Protocol has implemented a grievance and remedy process that requires producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production level operations, to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified, through the grievance mechanism, and there is responsibility assigned to a person or committee (or equivalent) to manage and/or oversee a formal grievance resolution mechanism or process.

13%

US Cotton Trust Protocol prohibits discrimination of any kind and requires that equal pay for equal work be extended to all employees regardless of race, gender, ethnicity etc.

62%

100%

The US Cotton Trust Protocol outlines its mission, vision, and values, detailing its operations from farm to fabric. Its goal is transparent sustainability and reduced environmental impact. The protocol focuses on principles such as soil health, water management, and worker well-being. These principles are measured through six overarching sustainability metrics and aligned with 2025 goals. The protocol actively socializes its Theory of Change and builds industry awareness of environmental impact.

50%

The organization outlines procedures for standard development. The standard is shaped through a five-step process involving experts and growers. Revisions occur every three years, with varying levels of changes and stakeholder consultation. Public consultations are currently absent. The goals of the organization are aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the US 2025 national goals. However, research on indicators and their effectiveness is missing.

75%

The US Cotton Trust Protocol’s governance composition includes a multi-stakeholder board of directors, advisors, and staff. Clear roles and responsibilities are delineated for staff members and their functions are mentioned on the website. The organization is open for membership among growers, brands and retailers, mills and manufacturers, merchants and cooperatives, among others. The organization does not define policies for impartiality and inclusiveness.

100%

The US Cotton Trust Protocol defines a claims framework to ensure verified, credible protocol claims and transparent communication. The ‘Protocol Consumption Management Solution’ tracks cotton to the article level throughout the supply chain using two-level verification, and claims are aligned with this level of transparency. Misuse is monitored, and violations may lead to termination. The program allows for different types of claims, including Program Outcome Claims and On-product Content claims.

50%

The US Cotton Trust Protocol outlines a concise verification process document. They partner with Control Union as a certification body, but lack an independent accreditation partnership. Roles and responsibilities for the certification body are unclear. Certification is valid for one year. No clear guidance for auditors has been published.

0%

The US Cotton Trust Protocol does not define clear procedures for conformity assessment, which would enable the consistent determination of non-conformity levels.

25%

US Cotton Trust Protocol employs risk-based assurance through the regional grouping of growers, using a square root model and previous year’s audit data to determine the verification sample. However, the organization does not share a risk management plan, map, overview, or quantification approach.

75%

The website offers a contact form for feedback, complaints, and grievances. A documented grievance process defines clear roles and responsibilities, with the aim of ensuring Code of Conduct compliance and confidentiality. Industry feedback is gathered from meetings, events, surveys, and trends, and stakeholders are informed of how their feedback has been integrated into the program.

81%

The standard collects extensive data from farmers and reports insights in their annual report. Six key pillars of progress are tracked and reported on: yield, water, energy, emissions, soil, and carbon. The frequency of system component evaluation is not defined, but data accessibility to stakeholders is. The guiding framework for the MEL system is linked to the goals set in the organization’s Theory of Change, and growers’ continuous improvement on key metrics based on these goals is measured.

0%

0%

The main climate risks associated with cotton production relate to field emissions of nitrous oxide along with fertilizer and pesticide production. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not conducted to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that an emission strategy is not implemented at farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Virgin cotton generally adopts conventional tillage practices, surface irrigation, and high use of pesticides and fertilizers—processes that weaken surrounding ecosystems and can lead to high carbon dioxide emissions. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate mitigation practices are not adopted at farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Virgin cotton generally adopts conventional tillage practices, surface irrigation, and high use of chemicals and water. Where there is no standard system in place, it is assumed that no climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events are implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no participation in identifying, protecting, and restoring peat soils and/or areas of below-ground carbon stocks through producer management practices.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no participation in identifying, protecting, and restoring areas of above-ground carbon stocks through producer management practices.

0%

Evidence shows that cotton’s ability to sequester carbon exists. However, where there is no standard system in place, it is assumed that monitoring activities are not in place.

0%

Cotton with no standard system is assessed as the baseline performance against which all other programs are assessed. Impacts for cotton are: concentration in fertilizer production and field emissions, with tertiary impacts attributable to irrigation and farm equipment.

0%

Cotton with no standard system is assessed as the baseline performance against which all other programs are assessed. Impacts for cotton come from equipment run on oil and electricity at the ginning stage, which varies due to regional grid mix.

8%

0%

While cotton can be rainfed, irrigation practices and the use of fertilizers and pesticides pose risks to water sources. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water management risks are not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal or consumption is not conducted, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not conducted, even if individual producers and or countries have legislation in place.

0%

While rain-fed systems are utilized, water withdrawal and contamination risks still exist.
Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The use of pesticides and fertilizers can lead to water contamination risks in the production of cotton. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not implemented, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not in place for the use or reduction of chemical leaching, or prioritization of water health outcomes.

63%

Cotton feedstock is 100% biobased. Where the origin of feedstock is unknown and no program is in place, it is assumed there are no commitments to renewable energy.

0%

Cotton with no standard system is assessed as the baseline performance against which all other programs are assessed. Many cotton-growing regions experience stress on water resources due to cumulative agricultural demand.

0%

Cotton with no standard system is assessed as the baseline performance against which all other programs are assessed. Without required practices to reduce water consumption, cotton with no standard system that is not rainfed is recorded as highly water-intensive.

25%

Cotton with no standard system scores 25% better than Cotton Made in Africa [CmiA] in regard to eutrophication potential.

0%

0%

The main chemical risks associated with cotton production relate to the use of fertilizer and pesticides at farm level. While national or local legislation might dictate best practices, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management monitoring or restricted chemistry lists are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management outcomes are not prioritized outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical strategy is not a prioritized outcome outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Cotton with no standard system is the baseline performance against which all other programs are assessed. Chemistry risks are concentrated in synthetic pesticide and fertilizer use.

0%

0%

The main soil health risks associated with cotton production relate to the use of chemicals and soil management practices at farm level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health development, such as soil structure and nutrient and water cycles, is not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that beneficial soil health practices are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main land use risks associated with cotton production relate to the use of chemicals and soil management practices at farm level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate deforestation on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate land conversion on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks associated with cotton production relate to the use of chemicals at the farm level, which can lead to leaching into the surrounding ecosystem. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not prioritized and a strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to take action to reduce impacts to habitats and ecosystems, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to protect and/or restore habitats and ecosystems, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to promote species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to identify and remove invasive species, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

17%

0%

While cotton waste is largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments, the main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals at the farm level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to reduce waste through stated plans, and the likelihood of waste risks such as discharge and pollution going unaddressed remains high.

0%

While cotton waste is largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to utilize, track or evaluate waste streams within production processes.

50%

Cotton as a plant is a renewable feedstock. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that cotton can be genetically modified.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor [in alignment with ILO 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29] and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence for prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work; and requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods [predictability and stability of income]. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core theory of change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence for producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts and for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation and for certified producers to take steps to address risks of Gender Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Climate
Water
Chemistry
Land Use
Biodiversity
Resource Use and Waste
Human Rights
Initiative Integrity
Chemically Recycled Polyester – GRS Certified R CoC
Chemically Recycled Polyester – RCS Certified R CoC
Mechanically Recycled Polyester – GRS Certified R CoC
Mechanically Recycled Polyester – RCS Certified R CoC
Polyester with no standard system F IP
Recycled Acrylic – GRS Certified R CoC
Acrylic with no standard system F IP
Recycled Elastane – GRS Certified R CoC
Elastane with no standard system F IP
Recycled Polyamide (Nylon) – GRS Certified R CoC
Recycled Polyamide (Nylon) – RCS Certified R CoC
Polyamide with no standard system F IP
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Emission Management
Emission Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Emission Strategy
Climate Mitigation
Climate Adaptation
Protection of Peat Soils and Below-Ground Carbon Stocks
Protection of Above-Ground Carbon Stocks
Evidence of Soil Carbon Sequestration
Global Warming Potential [Higg MSI]
Abiotic Resource Depletion, Fossil Fuels  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Water Risk Management
Water Monitoring (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Water Monitoring (Contamination)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Impacts of Oil and Gas Extraction on Surface and Groundwater
Water Scarcity [Higg MSI] 
Water Consumption  [Higg MSI]
Eutrophication potential [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Chemical Management Procedures
Chemical Management Practices
Chemical Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Chemical Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Chemical Strategy
Chemistry  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Soil Health Management
Soil Health Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Soil Health Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Soil Health Strategy
Soil Beneficial Practices for Cropping Systems
Land Management Planning
Ambitiousness of Land Strategy
Deforestation
Land Conversion
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Biodiversity Management Planning
Biodiversity Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Biodiversity Strategy
Habitat and Ecosystem Diversity
Habitat Protection and Restoration
Species and Genetic Diversity
Attention to Invasive Species
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Reducing Waste in Production Processes
Maximizing Values of Waste Streams
Consumption Through Feedstock Selection
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Wages and working conditions
Forced Labor
Child Labor
Non-discrimination
Freedom of Association
Occupational Health and Safety
Livelihoods: predictability and stability of income
Indigenous peoples and customary land rights
Land rights
Community consultation and engagement (right to participation)
Enabling environment for human rights realization
Grievance and remedy
Prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence and harassment
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Theory of Change
Standard-setting procedures
Governance
Claims management
Assurance oversight
Enforcement mechanism
Risk management
Feedback, Complaints & Grievances
Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning system

39%

50%

The inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate emission and environmental management plans at the production level, addressing overall GHG emissions relating to energy use and air emissions.

50%

The inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to monitor energy use at the production level–meeting legal requirements, verifying by third party, record keeping, and reviewing annually to set meaningful targets.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant climate impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate environmental management as a prioritized outcome at the production level, which demonstrates ambition to set emission-related targets and improvements.

25%

The inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce the overall impact on climate. In addition, GRS requires producers to adopt lower carbon practices for climate mitigation by setting and meeting targets for meaningful improvements in energy use and emissions.

0%

The inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, GRS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

29%

Chemically recycled polyester is 29% less GHG intensive than polyester with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

57%

Chemically recycled polyester uses 57% fewer fossil fuel resources than polyester with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

39%

50%

Although water use varies across the chemically recycled polyester process, water-related risks are significantly lower than virgin polyester due to the feedstock source and production process. The main risks are associated with high water scarcity, water usage and discharge of water pollution. GRS does, however, require producers to demonstrate water management practices, reviewed and adaptive for on and offsite.

88%

Although water use for chemically recycled polyester is significantly less than virgin polyester, water consumption often exists within water sustainability hotspots, contributing to water scarcity. GRS requires producers to demonstrate water monitoring practices, measure and record outputs and set meaningful improvements that are reviewed annually.

88%

As a chemically recycled polyester, wastewater produced is significantly lower than virgin polyester due to the chemical recycling back to the monomer. GRS producers are required to demonstrate water monitoring practices through record keeping, permits, drainage, wastewater identification and management, on and off-site.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water use as a prioritized outcome, setting meaningful targets which are reviewed targets for improvements.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water disposal as a prioritized outcome, identifying and treating waste water, conducting tests, and ensuring up-to-date compliance.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water source consumption list, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water strategy for water contamination, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

45%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock and restricts the use of hazardous chemicals in its processing, therefore mitigating significant risks associated with oil and gas extraction. GRS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources, therefore some risk remains.

46%

Chemically recycled polyester causes 46% less water scarcity than virgin polyester, when using data from the Higg MSI.

49%

Chemically recycled polyester uses 49% less water than virgin polyester, when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

Chemically recycled polyester’s eutrophication potential is the highest out of all polyester programs and is used as the baseline.

30%

50%

Generally, chemically recycled polyester poses less risks than virgin polyester due to its inherent production practices. GRS producers are, however, required to demonstrate a chemical management system with accurate lists and data sheets, and annual reviews.

50%

GRS criteria require producers to handle, separate, dispose and label chemicals used in accordance with the FAO ICCPM. The standard also outlines provisions for a chemical-responsible person and training to maintain the above practices where necessary.

50%

GRS requires producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management. This also includes restrictions of chemical substances and alignment to the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substance List.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the raw material production level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate continuous improvement methods with ongoing reviews of chemical restriction lists and annual progress reviews, demonstrating chemical strategy as a prioritized outcome.

100%

Producers are required to prioritize chemical discharge into air and water. They are also required to ensure sludge receives proper treatment and disposal and that the Restricted Substance List is followed for input and output chemicals.

0%

Chemically recycled polyester – GRS has the same Higg MSI chemistry score as virgin polyester, which is used as the baseline.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

64%

92%

Chemically recycled polyester inherently produces less waste than virgin polyester. When the polymer is recycled back to a monomer, the system can become a closed loop, therefore eliminating waste. In addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually.

50%

Chemically recycled polyester inherently produces less waste than virgin polyester. Feedstock aims to be maximized and where unusable, waste streams are sorted, organized, monitored, and generally disposed of by incentivized recovering.
In addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually.

50%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock for production. Chemically recycled polyester is sourced from post-consumer plastics such as soda bottles, which typically are collected locally, sorted, compacted, and baled for reuse.

10%

18%

GRS requires adherence to legal minimums, industry benchmarks, or collective agreements for wages and working conditions. Work weeks should not exceed 48 hours and breaks, time off, and holidays should be respected. Alternative forms of workers’ representation and negotiation should not be hindered. Workers must receive written information on their employment conditions. Non-permanent work should not be exploited to evade labor obligations. Access to clean facilities and drinkable water is mandatory. Employment relationships must comply with national legislation and international labor standards.

17%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 29, prohibiting forced or compulsory labor, bonded labor, and indentured labor. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 105 or ILO Protocol 29, or provisions to prevent forced labor.

21%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 138: producers shall not recruit child labor or exploit children in any way and shall not employ young workers under 18 years of age at night. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 182, or provisions to prevent child labor.

19%

GRS requires that producers do not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination on the basis of gender, age, religion, marital status, race, caste, social background, diseases, disability, pregnancy, ethnic and national origin, nationality, membership in worker organizations including unions, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or any other personal characteristics. There are no requirements relating to ILO Convention 111.

21%

GRS requires producers to provide workers with the right to join or form trade unions or workers’ associations and the right to bargain collectively; producers shall not interfere with, obstruct or prevent such legitimate activities. While there is evidence that rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining are required, there are no requirements to align with ILO Conventions 87 and 98. To this end, risks are not adequately addressed.

26%

GRS requires producers to provide safe and clean working conditions, train workers and management in waste management, handling and disposing of chemicals and dangerous materials, and prevention of accidents and injury, provide sanitation and drinking water facilities, assign a health and safety representative, and provide and record health and safety training.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires adherence to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements for participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

6%

GRS requires producers to not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination in employment due to gender. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

24%

0%

The inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate emission management at production sites, therefore emissions are still commonly created.

0%

The inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate emission monitoring at production sites and emissions may still be produced during production due to recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion and transportation.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement an emissions strategy, RCS aims to reduce the impacts of material sourcing, therefore the overall emission impact is reduced and recognized as a prioritized outcome.

0%

The inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to implement lower carbon practices toward climate mitigation.

0%

The inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

29%

Chemically recycled polyester is 29% less GHG intensive than polyester with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

57%

Chemically recycled polyester uses 57% fewer fossil fuel resources than polyester with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

20%

0%

Although water use varies across the chemical recycling process, water-related risks are significantly lower than virgin polyester due to the feedstock source and production process. The main risks are associated with high water scarcity and/or pollution levels in polyester production locations. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water risk management.

0%

Although water use for chemically recycled polyester is significantly less than virgin polyester, water consumption often exists within water sustainability hotspots, contributing to water scarcity. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water withdrawal monitoring at production sites, therefore posing risks to the environment and local community.

0%

As chemically recycled polyester, wastewater is significantly lower than virgin polyester due to the chemical recycling back to the monomer. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water contamination monitoring at production sites.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the overall water use. In addition, little water is utilized in the process of recycling, therefore demonstrating water as a prioritized outcome.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the potential of contaminated water. In addition, little wastewater is produced in the process of recycling, therefore demonstrating water as a prioritized outcome.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS producers are required to outline a water source consumption list.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS producers are required to outline a potential water source contamination list.

25%

RCS requires producers to input 5% recycled feedstock, therefore mitigating risk associated with oil and gas extraction. RCS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources or restrictions of synthetic chemicals, therefore some risk remains.

46%

Chemically recycled polyester causes 46% less water scarcity than virgin polyester, when using data from the Higg MSI.

49%

Chemically recycled polyester uses 49% less water than virgin polyester, when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

Chemically recycled polyester’s eutrophication potential is the highest out of all polyester programs and is used as the baseline.

3%

0%

Generally, chemically recycled polyester poses less risks than virgin polyester due to its inherent production practices. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate a chemical management system.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that chemical management practices are utilized at scale to address risks for recycled synthetics, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Generally, chemically recycled polyester poses less risks than virgin polyester due to its inherent production practices. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management.

25%

As a recycled synthetic, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the raw material production level. While RCS does not require producers to implement a chemical strategy and chemicals are still utilized in the recycling process, the overall chemical impact is reduced and therefore demonstrates a prioritized outcome.

0%

While the inherent production practices of chemically recycled polyester reduce chemical risks, RCS does not require producers to prioritize chemical metrics to mitigate risks.

0%

Chemically recycled polyester – GRS has the same Higg MSI chemistry score as virgin polyester which is used as the baseline.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

25%

0%

Chemically recycled polyester inherently produces less waste than virgin polyester. When the polymer is recycled back to a monomer, the system can become closed-loop, therefore eliminating waste. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to set waste reduction strategies.

50%

Chemically recycled polyester inherently produces less waste than virgin polyester. Feedstock aims to be maximized and where unusable, waste streams are sorted, organized, monitored, and generally disposed of by incentivized recovering. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to maximize waste streams.

25%

RCS requires producers to input 5% recycled feedstock for production. Chemically recycled polyester is sourced from post-consumer plastics such as soda bottles, which typically are collected locally, sorted, compacted, and baled for reuse.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for forced labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from forced labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29. Additionally, there are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate forced and compulsory labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for child labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from child labor or employ young workers to perform hazardous work, as defined in ILO Conventions 138 and 182. There are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place for community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements that require participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements in the disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization [heavy restrictions on democratic processes, civil rights, or with systemic, state-supported violations of one or more human rights].

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress toward set targets.

59%

50%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate emission and environmental management plans at the production level, addressing overall GHG emissions relating to energy use and air emissions.

50%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to monitor energy use at the production level–meeting legal requirements, verifying by third party, record keeping, and reviewing annually to set meaningful targets.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant climate impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate environmental management as a prioritized outcome at the production level, which demonstrates ambition to set emission-related targets and improvements.

25%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce the overall impact on climate. In addition, GRS requires producers to adopt lower carbon practices for climate mitigation by setting and meeting targets for meaningful improvements in energy use and emissions

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, GRS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

76%

Mechanically recycled polyester is 76% less GHG intensive than polyester with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

90%

Mechanically recycled polyester uses 90% fewer fossil fuel resources than polyester with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

66%

50%

Water-related risks in mechanically recycled polyester are significantly lower than virgin polyester due to the feedstock source. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate water management practices, reviewed and adaptive for on and offsite.

88%

Although water use for mechanically recycled polyester is significantly less than virgin polyester, water consumption often exists within water sustainability hotspots, contributing to water scarcity. GRS requires producers to demonstrate water monitoring practices, measure and record outputs and set meaningful improvements that are reviewed annually.

88%

Although water disposal for mechanically recycled polyester is low, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity is four to five times greater than that of virgin polyester due to the incineration of solid waste. GRS does, however, require producers to demonstrate water monitoring practices through record keeping, permits, drainage, wastewater identification and management, on and off-site.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water use as a prioritized outcome, setting meaningful targets which are reviewed targets for improvements.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water disposal as a prioritized outcome, identifying and treating waste-water, conducting tests, and ensuring up-to-date compliance.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a water source consumption list, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

0%

There is no evidence GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water strategy for water contamination, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

45%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock and restricts the use of hazardous chemicals in the processing of GRS products, therefore mitigating significant risks associated with oil and gas extraction. GRS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources, therefore some risk remains.

85%

Mechanically recycled polyester causes 85% less water scarcity than virgin polyester, when using data from the Higg MSI.

81%

Mechanically recycled polyester uses 81% less water than virgin polyester, when using data from the Higg MSI.

91%

Mechanically recycled polyester’s eutrophication potential is 91% lower than chemically recycled polyester – GRS using data from the Higg MSI.

55%

50%

Generally, mechanically recycled polyester poses less risks than virgin polyester due to its inherent production practices. However, solid waste from flake production poses roughly four to five times more risks to aquatic ecotoxicity.
GRS producers are, however, required to demonstrate a chemical management system with accurate lists and data sheets, and annual reviews

50%

GRS criteria require producers to handle, separate, dispose of, and label chemicals used in accordance with the FAO ICCPM. The standard also outlines provisions for a chemical-responsible person and training to maintain the above practices where necessary.

50%

Generally, mechanically recycled polyester poses less risks than virgin polyester due to its inherent production practices. In addition, GRS requires producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management. This also includes restrictions on chemical substances and alignment to the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substance List.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the raw material production level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate continuous improvement methods with ongoing reviews of chemical restriction lists and annual progress reviews, demonstrating chemical strategy as a prioritized outcome.

100%

Generally, mechanically recycled polyester poses less risks than virgin polyester due to its inherent production practices. GRS producers are required to prioritize chemical discharge into air and water. They are also required to ensure sludge receives proper treatment and disposal and that the Restricted Substance List is followed for input and output chemicals.

50%

Mechanically recycled polyester scores 50% better on the Higg MSI chemistry rating than virgin polyester.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

64%

92%

Mechanically recycled polyester inherently produces less waste than virgin polyester. Feedstock aims to be maximized through careful sorting and decontamination of waste material as well as thorough drying to maintain the mechanical attributes. In addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually.

50%

Mechanically recycled polyester inherently produces less waste than virgin polyester. Feedstock aims to be maximized and where unusable, waste streams are sorted, organized, monitored, and generally disposed of by incentivized recovering. In addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually in order to maximize waste streams.

50%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock for production. Mechanically recycled polyester is sourced from post-consumer plastics such as soda bottles, which typically are collected locally, sorted, compacted, and baled for reuse.

10%

18%

GRS requires adherence to legal minimums, industry benchmarks, or collective agreements for wages and working conditions. Work weeks should not exceed 48 hours and breaks, time off, and holidays should be respected. Alternative forms of workers’ representation and negotiation should not be hindered. Workers must receive written information on their employment conditions. Non-permanent work should not be exploited to evade labor obligations. Access to clean facilities and drinkable water is mandatory. Employment relationships must comply with national legislation and international labor standards.

17%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 29, prohibiting forced or compulsory labor, bonded labor, and indentured labor. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 105 or ILO Protocol 29, or provisions to prevent forced labor.

21%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 138: producers shall not recruit child labor or exploit children in any way and shall not employ young workers under 18 years of age at night. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 182, or provisions to prevent child labor.

19%

GRS requires that producers do not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination on the basis of gender, age, religion, marital status, race, caste, social background, diseases, disability, pregnancy, ethnic and national origin, nationality, membership in worker organizations including unions, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or any other personal characteristics. There are no requirements relating to ILO Convention 111.

21%

GRS requires producers to provide workers with the right to join or form trade unions or workers’ associations and the right to bargain collectively; producers shall not interfere with, obstruct or prevent such legitimate activities. While there is evidence that rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining are required, there are no requirements to align with ILO Conventions 87 and 98. To this end, risks are not adequately addressed.

26%

GRS requires producers to provide safe and clean working conditions, train workers and management in waste management, handling and disposing of chemicals and dangerous materials, and prevention of accidents and injury, provide sanitation and drinking water facilities, assign a health and safety representative, and provide and record health and safety training.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires adherence to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements for participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

6%

GRS requires producers to not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination in employment due to gender. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

44%

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate emission management at production sites, therefore emissions are still commonly created.

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate emission monitoring at production sites and emissions may still be produced during production due to recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion, and transportation.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement an emissions strategy, RCS aims to reduce the impacts of material sourcing, therefore the overall emission impact is reduced and recognized as a prioritized outcome.

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to implement lower carbon practices toward climate mitigation.

0%

The inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

76%

Mechanically recycled polyester is 76% less GHG intensive than polyester with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

90%

Mechanically recycled polyester uses 90% fewer fossil fuel resources than polyester with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

48%

0%

Water-related risks in mechanically recycled polyester is significantly lower than virgin polyester due to the feedstock source. The main risks are associated with water scarcity and/or pollution levels in polyester production locations. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water risk management.

0%

Although water use for mechanically recycled polyester is significantly less than virgin polyester, water consumption often exists within water sustainability hotspots, contributing to water scarcity. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water withdrawal monitoring at production sites, therefore posing risks to the environment and local community.

0%

Although water disposal for mechanically recycled polyester is low, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity is four to five times greater than that of virgin polyester due to the incineration of solid waste. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water contamination monitoring at production sites.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the overall water use. In addition, little water is utilized in the process of recycling, therefore demonstrating water health [withdrawal] as a prioritized outcome.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the potential of contaminated water. In addition, little wastewater is produced in the process of recycling, therefore demonstrating water health [contamination] as a prioritized outcome.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS producers are required to outline a water source consumption list.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS producers are required to outline a potential water source contamination list.

25%

RCS requires producers to input 5% recycled feedstock, therefore mitigating risks associated with oil and gas extraction. RCS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources or restrictions on synthetic chemicals, therefore some risk remains.

85%

Mechanically recycled polyester causes 85% less water scarcity than virgin polyester, when using data from the Higg MSI.

81%

Mechanically recycled polyester uses 81% less water than virgin polyester, when using data from the Higg MSI.

91%

Mechanically recycled polyester’s eutrophication potential is 91% lower than chemically recycled polyester – GRS using data from the Higg MSI.

28%

0%

Generally, mechanically recycled polyester poses less risks than virgin polyester due to its inherent production practices. However, solid waste from flake production poses roughly four to five times more risks in aquatic ecotoxicity. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate a chemical management system.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that chemical management practices are utilized at scale to address risks for recycled synthetics, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Generally, mechanically recycled polyester poses less risks than virgin polyester due to its inherent production practices. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management.

25%

As a recycled synthetic, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the raw material production level. While RCS does not require producers to implement a chemical strategy, the little use of chemicals reduces risks associated with chemical discharge, demonstrating chemical strategy as a prioritized outcome.

0%

While the inherent production practices of mechanically recycled polyester reduce chemical risks, RCS does not require producers to prioritize chemical metrics to mitigate risks.

50%

Mechanically Recycled Polyester scores 50% better on the Higg MSI chemistry rating than virgin polyester.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

25%

0%

Mechanically recycled polyester inherently produces less waste than virgin polyester. Feedstock aims to be maximized through careful sorting and decontamination of waste material, as well as thorough drying to maintain the mechanical attributes. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to set waste reduction strategies.

50%

Mechanically recycled polyester inherently produces less waste than virgin polyester Feedstock aims to be maximized and where unusable, waste streams are sorted, organized, monitored, and generally disposed of by incentivized recovering. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to maximize waste streams.

25%

RCS requires producers to input 5% recycled feedstock for production. Mechanically recycled polyester is sourced from post-consumer plastics such as soda bottles, which typically are collected locally, sorted, compacted, and baled for reuse.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for forced labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from forced labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29. Additionally, there are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate forced and compulsory labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for child labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from child labor or employ young workers to perform hazardous work, as defined in ILO Conventions 138 and 182. There are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place for community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements that require participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements in the disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization [heavy restrictions on democratic processes, civil rights, or with systemic, state-supported violations of one or more human rights].

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress toward set targets.

0%

0%

Virgin polyester relies on chemical inputs derived from oil and gas extraction, a process that is a fundamental contributor to GHG emissions. Refining, processing, and flaring further add to the toxic substances released into air, water, and soil. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission management to lower emissions, increase efficiency, and encourage renewable energy use at material sourcing or material production is not addressed.

0%

Virgin polyester relies on chemical inputs derived from oil and gas extraction, a process that is a fundamental contributor to GHG emissions. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not conducted, either at material sourcing or production, to track or align with any accounting methodology, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that an emission strategy is not implemented at either the material sourcing or production level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Virgin polyester relies on energy-intensive methods and non-renewable sources. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate mitigation practices are not adopted either at the material sourcing or production level, contributing to the growing reliance on fossil fuels.

0%

Where there is no standard system in place, it is assumed that no climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events are implemented at the material sourcing or production level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Polyester with no standard system has the highest impact of the polyester programs included in the PFM Matrix for global warming impacts.

0%

Polyester with no standard system has the highest impact of the polyester programs included in the PFM Matrix for resource depletion impacts.

14%

0%

Water-related risks occur during the material sourcing and production of virgin polyester. The primary extraction of oil and gas produces gray water that contains toxic pollutants, while production poses risks of water scarcity. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water management risks are not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Water usage is relatively low in comparison to other materials. However, water consumption often exists within water sustainability hotspots, contributing to water scarcity. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal or consumption is not conducted, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Produced water from oil exploration contains varying quantities of heavy metals, volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, and a vast array of other potentially toxic compounds. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not conducted, even if individual producers and/or countries have procedures/legislation in place.

0%

While some synthetics may utilize little water, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy to manage water consumption is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy to manage and mitigate contamination at material sourcing or production is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While some programs may consume less water, it is assumed that, where there is no standard system, a comprehensive water strategy for waterways is not implemented, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a comprehensive water strategy for contamination is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no widespread mitigation of potential blue water contamination risk, as key material inputs are derived from oil and gas extraction. All forms of oil and gas extraction pose risks to surface and groundwater through pipeline leaks. Fracking and tar sands present elevated risk due to the large volumes of water needed for extraction and the high-risk storage and disposal of contaminated water.

0%

Polyester with no standard system has the highest impact of the polyester programs included in the PFM Matrix for water scarcity impacts.

0%

Polyester with no standard system has the highest impact of the polyester programs included in the PFM Matrix for water consumption impacts.

85%

Polyester with no standard system has an 85% reduction in eutrophication impact when compared to chemically recycled polyester.

0%

0%

The polyester production process is chemical-intensive. It can produce volatile organic compounds [VOCs] and hazardous acid gases such as hydrogen chloride. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place. Without chemical procedures in place, residues can cause soil and water pollution, affecting the environment, ecosystems, and communities.

0%

In virgin polyester production, workers are exposed to toxic chemicals in oil and natural gas extraction, refinery operations, and intermediate chemical processing. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not implemented, presenting chemical risks of short- and long-term injury, death, omitted incident recording at the plant, and misrepresentation on Occupational Safety and Health Administration [or equivalent] records.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management monitoring or restricted chemistry lists are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Without a chemical monitoring system, chemical discharge and worker safety are compromised.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management outcomes are not prioritized outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical strategy—and, consequently, coverage of chemical systems—is not a prioritized outcome outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Polyester with no standard system has the highest [worst] Higg MSI chemistry rating of the polyester programs included in the PFM Matrix.

0%

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Virgin polyester is derived from crude oil and natural gas. The extraction of non-renewable materials is associated with land degradation, loss of native habitats and ecosystems, and removal of land from Indigenous and local peoples. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with deforestation and the pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with deforestation and the pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate deforestation on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with land conversion, removal of land from Indigenous and local peoples, and pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate land conversion on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

0%

Virgin polyester is derived from crude oil and gas extraction, posing risks such as the conversion of native habitats, spillages and hazardous emissions, and waste deposition. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring of pressures at the source of material extraction or production site is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not prioritized and a strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

Large concentrations of hazardous waste are generated from fuel and process waste. Additionally, microfibers have been identified in freshwater and marine environments, and traced to the industrial laundering of textile products. Although filtration systems may exist, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to reduce waste through stated plans.

0%

While polyester is a thermoplastic that can be mechanically recovered for reuse as a recycled material, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to utilize, track or evaluate waste streams within production processes.

0%

As a virgin synthetic, feedstock is derived from crude oil and/or natural gas. As such, where there is no standard system, is it assumed that feedstock is not sourced from organic or waste sources.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefits from forced labor [in alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29] and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequently, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, or ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system, provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work, or designate responsibility and accountability for the enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods [predictability and stability of income]. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core theory of change that includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving the predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances in relation to production-level operations; provide or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish in the grievance mechanism the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

18%

50%

The inherent production practices of recycled acrylic reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate emission and environmental management plans at the production level, addressing overall GHG emissions relating to energy use and air emissions.

50%

The inherent production practices of recycled acrylic reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. However, emissions are still commonly created during production due to the recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion, and transportation. GRS does, however, require producers to monitor energy use at the production level – meeting legal requirements, verifying by third parties, record keeping, and reviewing annually to set meaningful targets.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant climate impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. While emissions are still commonly created during production due to recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion and transportation, GRS does require producers to demonstrate environmental management as a prioritized outcome at the production level, demonstrating ambition to set emission-related targets and improvements.

25%

The inherent production practices of recycled acrylic reduce the overall impact to climate. However, GRS does not require producers to adopt lower carbon practices for climate mitigation, therefore production continues to pose climate risks to the environment and fence line communities.

0%

The inherent production practices of recycled acrylic reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, GRS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

No recycled acrylic data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin acrylic.

0%

No recycled acrylic data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin acrylic.

23%

50%

Water-related risks in recycled acrylic are significantly lower than in virgin acrylic due to the feedstock source. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate water management practices, reviewed and adaptive for on and offsite.

88%

Water use for recycled acrylic is significantly less than for virgin acrylic. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate water monitoring practices, measure and record outputs and set meaningful improvements that are reviewed annually.

88%

For recycled acrylic, wastewater is significantly lower than virgin acrylic due to inherent production practices. Further, GRS producers are required to demonstrate water monitoring practices through record keeping, permits, drainage, wastewater identification and management, on and off-site.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water use as a prioritized outcome, setting meaningful targets which are reviewed targets for improvements.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water disposal as a prioritized outcome, identifying and treating waste water, conducting tests and ensuring up-to-date compliance.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water source consumption list, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water strategy for water contamination, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

45%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock and restricts the use of hazardous chemicals in the processing of GRS products, therefore mitigating significant risks associated with oil and gas extraction. GRS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources, therefore some risk remains.

0%

No recycled acrylic data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin acrylic.

0%

No recycled acrylic data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin acrylic.

0%

No recycled acrylic data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin acrylic.

30%

50%

Generally, recycled acrylic poses less risks than virgin polyamide due to its inherent production practices. GRS producers are however, required to demonstrate a chemical management system with accurate lists and data sheets, and annual reviews.

50%

GRS criteria require producers to handle, separate, dispose, and label chemicals used in accordance with the FAO ICCPM. The standard also outlines provisions for a chemical-responsible person and training to maintain the above practices where necessary.

50%

GRS requires producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management. This also includes restrictions of chemical substances and alignment to the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substance List.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the raw material production level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate continuous improvement methods with ongoing reviews of chemical restriction lists and annual progress reviews, demonstrating chemical strategy as a prioritized outcome.

100%

Producers are required to prioritize chemical discharge into air and water. They are also required to ensure sludge receives proper treatment and disposal and that the Restricted Substance List is followed for input and output chemicals.

0%

No recycled acrylic data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin acrylic.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

64%

92%

As a recycled synthetic, inherent production practices aim to prioritize waste reduction. In addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, inherent production practices aim to prioritize waste reduction. In addition, GRS waste streams are sourced and collected onsite alongside waste optimization being in place with annual reviews.

50%

GRS requires producers to input recycled feedstock for production. Recycled polyamide is sourced from pre-consumer waste, manufacturing process waste, post-consumer waste, household or commercial, industrial, or institutional facilities.

10%

18%

GRS requires adherence to legal minimums, industry benchmarks, or collective agreements for wages and working conditions. Work weeks should not exceed 48 hours and breaks, time off, and holidays should be respected. Alternative forms of workers’ representation and negotiation should not be hindered. Workers must receive written information on their employment conditions. Non-permanent work should not be exploited to evade labor obligations. Access to clean facilities and drinkable water is mandatory. Employment relationships must comply with national legislation and international labor standards.

17%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 29, prohibiting forced or compulsory labor, bonded labor, and indentured labor. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 105 or ILO Protocol 29, or provisions to prevent forced labor.

21%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 138: producers shall not recruit child labor or exploit children in any way and shall not employ young workers under 18 years of age at night. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 182, or provisions to prevent child labor.

19%

GRS requires that producers do not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination on the basis of gender, age, religion, marital status, race, caste, social background, diseases, disability, pregnancy, ethnic and national origin, nationality, membership in worker organizations including unions, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or any other personal characteristics. There are no requirements relating to ILO Convention 111.

21%

GRS requires producers to provide workers with the right to join or form trade unions or workers’ associations and the right to bargain collectively; producers shall not interfere with, obstruct or prevent such legitimate activities. While there is evidence that rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining are required, there are no requirements to align with ILO Conventions 87 and 98. To this end, risks are not adequately addressed.

26%

GRS requires producers to provide safe and clean working conditions, train workers and management in waste management, handling and disposing of chemicals and dangerous materials, and prevention of accidents and injury, provide sanitation and drinking water facilities, assign a health and safety representative, and provide and record health and safety training.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires adherence to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements for participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

6%

GRS requires producers to not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination in employment due to gender. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

0%

0%

Virgin acrylic relies on chemical inputs derived from oil and gas extraction, a process that is a fundamental contributor to GHG emissions. Additionally, refining, processing, and flaring can result in toxic substances being released into the air, water, and soil. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Virgin acrylic relies on chemical inputs derived from oil and gas extraction, a process that is a fundamental contributor to climate emissions. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not conducted, either at material sourcing or production, to track or align with any accounting methodology, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that an emission strategy is not implemented at either the material sourcing or production level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Virgin acrylic relies on energy-intensive methods and non-renewable sources. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate mitigation practices are not adopted either at the material sourcing or production level, contributing to the growing reliance on fossil fuels.

0%

Where there is no standard system in place, it is assumed that no climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events are implemented at the material sourcing or production level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Acrylic with no standard system has the highest impact of the acrylic programs included in the PFM Matrix for global warming impacts

0%

Acrylic with no standard system has the highest impact of the acrylic programs included in the PFM Matrix for fossil fuel resource depletion.

0%

0%

Water-related risks occur during the material sourcing and production phase of virgin acrylic. The primary extraction of oil and gas produces gray water, which contains toxic pollutants, while the production of acrylic uses water for cooling—similar to nylon and polyester. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water management risks are not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While water use in acrylic production is limited and primarily used to cool machinery and equipment, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal or consumption is not conducted, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Produced water from oil exploration contains varying quantities of heavy metals, volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, and a vast array of other potentially toxic compounds. While there is little waste in the production of elastane, the process is chemically heavy and known to be carcinogenic. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not conducted, even if individual producers and/or countries have procedures/legislation in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy to manage consumption at material sourcing or production is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy to manage and mitigate contamination at material sourcing or production is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While some programs may consume less water, it is assumed that, where there is no standard system, a comprehensive water strategy for the waterways is not implemented, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a comprehensive water strategy for contamination is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no widespread mitigation of potential blue water contamination risk, as key material inputs are derived from oil and gas extraction. All forms of oil and gas extraction pose risks to surface and groundwater through pipeline leaks. Fracking and tar sands present elevated risk due to the large volumes of water needed for extraction and the high-risk storage and disposal of contaminated water.

0%

Acrylic with no standard system has the highest impact of the acrylic programs included in the PFM Matrix for water scarcity.

0%

Acrylic with no standard system has the highest impact of the acrylic programs included in the PFM Matrix for water consumption.

0%

Acrylic with no standard system has the highest impact of the acrylic programs included in the PFM Matrix for Eutrophication Potential.

0%

0%

The acrylic production process is chemically intensive, especially during the refinery and petrochemical phases, which produce volatile organic compounds [VOCs] and hazardous acid gases such as hydrogen chloride. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place. Without chemical procedures in place, residues can cause soil and water pollution, affecting the environment, ecosystems, and communities.

0%

In virgin acrylic production, workers are exposed to toxic chemicals in oil and natural gas extraction, refinery operations, and intermediate chemical processing. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not implemented, presenting chemical risks of short- and long-term injury, death, omitted incident recording at the plant, and misrepresentation on Occupational Safety and Health Administration [or equivalent] records.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management monitoring or restricted chemistry lists are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Without chemical monitoring-based actions, there is a risk of monomers escaping during off-gassing and into water, and threats of contamination, spillages, and dumping of wastewater.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management outcomes are not prioritized outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical strategy—and, consequently, coverage of the chemical system—is not a prioritized outcome outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Acrylic with no standard system has the highest [worst] Higg MSI chemistry rating of the acrylic programs included in the PFM Matrix.

0%

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Virgin acrylic is derived from crude oil and natural gas. The extraction of non-renewable materials is associated with land degradation, loss of native habitats and ecosystems, and removal of land from Indigenous and local peoples.
Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with deforestation and the pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with deforestation and the pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate deforestation on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with land conversion, removal of land from Indigenous and local peoples, and pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate land conversion on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

0%

Virgin acrylic is derived from crude oil and gas extraction, posing risks such as the conversion of native habitats, spillages and hazardous emissions, and waste deposition. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring of pressures at the source of material extraction or production site is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not prioritized and a strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

Large concentrations of hazardous waste are generated from fuel and process waste. Additionally, microfibers have been identified in freshwater and marine environments, traced to the industrial laundering of textile products. Although filtration systems may exist, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to reduce waste through stated plans.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to utilize, track or evaluate waste streams within production processes.

0%

As a virgin synthetic, feedstock is derived from crude oil and/or natural gas. As such, where there is no standard system, is it assumed that feedstock is not sourced from organic or waste sources.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefits from forced labor [in alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29] and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequently, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, or ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system, provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work, or designate responsibility and accountability for the enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods [predictability and stability of income]. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core theory of change that includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving the predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances in relation to production-level operations; provide or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish in the grievance mechanism the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

18%

50%

The inherent production practices of recycled elastane reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate emission and environmental management plans at the production level, addressing overall GHG emissions relating to energy use and air emissions.

50%

The inherent production practices of recycled elastane reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. However, emissions are still commonly created during production due to the recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion, and transportation. GRS does, however, require producers to monitor energy use at the production level – meeting legal requirements, verifying by third party, record keeping, and reviewing annually to set meaningful targets.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant climate impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. While emissions are still commonly created during production due to recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion and transportation, GRS does require producers to demonstrate environmental management as a prioritized outcome at the production level, demonstrating ambition to set emission-related targets and improvements.

25%

The inherent production practices of recycled elastane reduce the overall impact on climate. In addition, GRS requires producers to adopt lower carbon practices for climate mitigation through setting and meeting targets for meaningful improvements in energy use and emissions.

0%

The inherent production practices of recycled elastane reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, GRS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

No recycled elastane data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin elastane.

0%

No recycled elastane data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin elastane.

23%

50%

Water-related risks in recycled elastane is significantly lower than virgin elastane due to the feedstock source. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate water management practices, reviewed and adaptive for on and offsite.

88%

Water use for recycled elastane is significantly less than virgin elastane; in addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate water monitoring practices, measure and record outputs and set meaningful improvements that are reviewed annually.

88%

As a recycled synthetic, wastewater is significantly lower than virgin elastane due to inherent production practices. Further, GRS producers are required to demonstrate water monitoring practices through record keeping, permits, drainage, wastewater identification and management, on and off-site.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water use as a prioritized outcome, setting meaningful targets which are reviewed targets for improvements.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water disposal as a prioritized outcome, identifying and treating waste water, conducting tests, and ensuring up-to-date compliance.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water source consumption list, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

0%

There is no evidence GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water strategy for water contamination, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

45%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock and restricts the use of hazardous chemicals in the processing of GRS products, therefore mitigating significant risks associated with oil and gas extraction. GRS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources, therefore some risk remains.

0%

No recycled elastane data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin elastane.

0%

No recycled elastane data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin elastane.

0%

No recycled elastane data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin elastane.

30%

50%

Generally, recycled elastane poses less risks than virgin elastane due to its inherent production practices. In addition, GRS producers are required to demonstrate a chemical management system with accurate lists and data sheets, and annual reviews.

50%

GRS criteria require producers to handle, separate, dispose of, and label chemicals used in accordance with the FAO ICCPM. The standard also outlines provisions for a chemical-responsible person and training to maintain the above practices where necessary.

50%

GRS requires producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management. This also includes restrictions on chemical substances and alignment to the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substance List.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the raw material production level. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate continuous improvement methods with ongoing reviews of chemical restriction lists and annual progress reviews, demonstrating chemical strategy as a prioritized outcome.

100%

Producers are required to prioritize chemical discharge into air and water. They are also required to ensure sludge receives proper treatment and disposal and that the Restricted Substance List is followed for input and output chemicals.

0%

No recycled elastane data is available in MSI, impact data is default to virgin elastane.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

64%

92%

As a recycled synthetic, inherent production practices aim to prioritize waste reduction; in addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, inherent production practices aim to prioritize waste reduction. In addition, GRS waste streams are sourced and collected onsite alongside waste optimization being in place with annual reviews.

50%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock for production. Recycled polyamide is sourced from pre-consumer waste, manufacturing process waste, post-consumer waste, household or commercial, industrial, or institutional facilities.

10%

18%

GRS requires adherence to legal minimums, industry benchmarks, or collective agreements for wages and working conditions. Work weeks should not exceed 48 hours and breaks, time off, and holidays should be respected. Alternative forms of workers’ representation and negotiation should not be hindered. Workers must receive written information on their employment conditions. Non-permanent work should not be exploited to evade labor obligations. Access to clean facilities and drinkable water is mandatory. Employment relationships must comply with national legislation and international labor standards.

17%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 29, prohibiting forced or compulsory labor, bonded labor, and indentured labor. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 105 or ILO Protocol 29, or provisions to prevent forced labor.

21%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 138: producers shall not recruit child labor or exploit children in any way and shall not employ young workers under 18 years of age at night. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 182, or provisions to prevent child labor.

19%

GRS requires that producers do not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination on the basis of gender, age, religion, marital status, race, caste, social background, diseases, disability, pregnancy, ethnic and national origin, nationality, membership in worker organizations including unions, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or any other personal characteristics. There are no requirements relating to ILO Convention 111.

21%

GRS requires producers to provide workers with the right to join or form trade unions or workers’ associations and the right to bargain collectively; producers shall not interfere with, obstruct or prevent such legitimate activities. While there is evidence that rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining are required, there are no requirements to align with ILO Conventions 87 and 98. To this end, risks are not adequately addressed.

26%

GRS requires producers to provide safe and clean working conditions, train workers and management in waste management, handling and disposing of chemicals and dangerous materials, and prevention of accidents and injury, provide sanitation and drinking water facilities, assign a health and safety representative, and provide and record health and safety training.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires adherence to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements for participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

6%

GRS requires producers to not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination in employment due to gender. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

0%

0%

Virgin elastane relies on chemical inputs derived from oil and gas extraction, a process that is a fundamental contributor to GHG emissions. Additionally, refining, processing, and flaring can result in toxic substances being released into the air, water, and soil. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management to lower emissions, increase efficiency, and encourage renewable energy use at material sourcing or material production is not addressed.

0%

Virgin elastane relies on chemical inputs derived from oil and gas extraction, a process that is a fundamental contributor to GHG emissions. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not conducted, either at material sourcing or production, to track or align with any accounting methodology, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that an emission strategy is not implemented at either the material sourcing or production level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Virgin elastane relies on energy-intensive methods and non-renewable sources. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate mitigation practices are not adopted either at the material sourcing or production level, contributing to the growing reliance on fossil fuels.

0%

Where there is no standard system in place, it is assumed that no climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events are implemented at the material sourcing or production level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Elastane with no standard system has the highest impact of the elastane programs included in the PFM Matrix for global warming impacts.

0%

Elastane with no standard system has the highest impact of the elastane programs included in the PFM Matrix for fossil fuel resource depletion.

0%

0%

Water-related risks occur during the material sourcing and production of virgin elastane. The primary extraction of oil and gas produces gray water, which contains toxic pollutants, while the production of elastane uses water for cooling. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water management risks are not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While water use in elastane production is limited and primarily used to cool machinery and equipment, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal or consumption is not conducted, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Produced water from oil exploration contains varying quantities of heavy metals, volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, and a vast array of other potentially toxic compounds. While there is little waste in the production of elastane, the process is chemical-heavy and known to be carcinogenic. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not conducted, even if individual producers and/or countries have procedures/legislation in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy to manage water consumption is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy to manage and mitigate contamination at material sourcing or production is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While some programs may consume less water, it is assumed that, where there is no standard system, a comprehensive water strategy for the waterways is not implemented, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a comprehensive water strategy for contamination is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no widespread mitigation of potential blue water contamination risk, as key material inputs are derived from oil and gas extraction. All forms of oil and gas extraction pose risks to surface and groundwater through pipeline leaks. Fracking and tar sands present elevated risk due to the large volumes of water needed for extraction and the high-risk storage and disposal of contaminated water.

0%

Elastane with no standard system has the highest impact of the elastane programs included in the PFM Matrix for water scarcity.

0%

Elastane with no standard system has the highest impact of the elastane programs included in the PFM Matrix for water consumption.

0%

Elastane with no standard system has the highest impact of the elastane programs included in the PFM Matrix for Eutrophication Potential.

0%

0%

The elastane production process is chemically intensive. To produce polyurethane-based products like elastane, materials are combined with acids to create chemical reactions. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place. Without chemical procedures in place, residues can cause soil and water pollution, affecting the environment, ecosystems, and communities.

0%

In virgin elastane production, workers are exposed to toxic chemicals in oil and natural gas extraction, refinery operations, and intermediate chemical processing. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not implemented, presenting chemical risks of short- and long-term injury, death, omitted incident recording at the plant, and misrepresentation on Occupational Safety and Health Administration [or equivalent] records.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management monitoring or restricted chemistry lists are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Without chemical monitoring-based actions, there is a risk of monomers escaping during off-gassing and into water, and threats of contamination, spillages, and dumping of wastewater.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management outcomes are not prioritized outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical strategy—and, consequently, coverage of the chemical system—is not a prioritized outcome outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Elastane with no standard system has the highest [worst] Higg MSI chemistry rating of the elastane programs included in the PFM Matrix.

0%

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Virgin elastane is derived from crude oil and natural gas. The extraction of non-renewable materials is associated with land degradation, loss of native habitats and ecosystems, and removal of land from Indigenous and local peoples.
Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with deforestation and the pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with deforestation and the pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate deforestation on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with land conversion, removal of land from Indigenous and local peoples, and pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate land conversion on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

0%

Virgin elastane is derived from crude oil and gas extraction, posing risks such as the conversion of native habitat, spillages and hazardous emissions, and waste deposition. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring of pressures at the source of material extraction or production site is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not prioritized and a strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

Large concentrations of hazardous waste are generated from fuel and process waste. Additionally, microfibers have been identified in freshwater and marine environments, traced to the industrial laundering of textile products. Although filtration systems may exist, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to reduce waste through stated plans.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to utilize, track or evaluate waste streams within production processes.

0%

As a virgin synthetic, feedstock is derived from crude oil and/or natural gas. As such, where there is no standard system, is it assumed that feedstock is not sourced from organic or waste sources.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefits from forced labor [in alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29] and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequently, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, or ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system, provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work, or designate responsibility and accountability for the enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods [predictability and stability of income]. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core theory of change that includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving the predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances in relation to production-level operations; provide or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish in the grievance mechanism the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

62%

50%

The inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate emission and environmental management plans at the production level, addressing overall GHG emissions relating to energy use and air emissions.

50%

The inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. In addition, GRS requires producers to monitor energy use at the production level–meeting legal requirements, verifying by third party, record keeping, and reviewing annually to set meaningful targets.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant climate impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. While emissions are still commonly created during production, due to the recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion and transportation, GRS does require producers to demonstrate environmental management as a prioritized outcome at the production level, demonstrating ambition to set emission-related targets and improvements.

25%

The inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce the overall impact on climate. In addition, GRS requires producers to adopt lower carbon practices for climate mitigation through setting and meeting targets for meaningful improvements in energy use and emissions.

0%

The inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, GRS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

92%

Recycled polyamide is 92% less GHG intensive than virgin polyamide using data from the Higg MSI.

95%

Recycled polyamide uses 95% fewer fossil fuel resources than virgin polyamide using data from the Higg MSI.

39%

50%

Water-related risks in recycled polyamide are significantly lower than virgin polyamide due to the feedstock source. The main risks are associated with high water scarcity and/or pollution levels in polyester production locations. GRS does, however, require producers to demonstrate water management practices, reviewed and adaptive for on and offsite.

88%

Although water use for recycled polyamide is significantly less than virgin polyamide, GRS requires producers to demonstrate water monitoring practices, measure and record outputs and set meaningful improvements that are reviewed annually.

88%

As a recycled synthetic, wastewater is significantly lower than virgin polyamide due to the chemical recycling. Further, GRS producers are required to demonstrate water monitoring practices through record keeping, permits, drainage, wastewater identification and management, on and off site.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water use as a prioritized outcome, setting meaningful targets which are reviewed targets for improvements.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant water impact is reduced at the material sourcing level. In addition, GRS requires producers to set water disposal as a prioritized outcome, identifying and treating waste water, conducting tests, and ensuring up-to-date compliance.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water source consumption list, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

0%

There is no evidence GRS producers are required to outline a comprehensive water strategy for water contamination, therefore coverage cannot be defined.

45%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock and restricts the use of hazardous chemicals in the processing of GRS products, therefore mitigating significant risks associated with oil and gas extraction. GRS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources, therefore some risk remains.

0%

Recycled polyamide is the highest impact of the polyamide programs included in the PFM Matrix for water scarcity.

33%

Recycled polyamide uses 33% less water than virgin polyamide

73%

Recycled Polyamide’s eutrophication potential is 73% lower than virgin polyamide using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

50%

Generally, recycled polyamide poses less risks than virgin polyamide due to its inherent production practices. In addition, GRS producers are required to demonstrate a chemical management system with accurate lists and data sheets, and annual reviews.

50%

GRS criteria require producers to handle, separate, dispose of, and label chemicals used in accordance with the FAO ICCPM. The standard also outlines provisions for a chemical-responsible person and training to maintain the above practices where necessary.

50%

GRS requires producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management. This also includes restrictions on chemical substances and alignment to the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substance List.

50%

As a recycled synthetic, significant chemical impact is reduced at the material sourcing level and raw material production. In addition, GRS requires producers to demonstrate continuous improvement methods with ongoing reviews of chemical restriction lists with progress annual reviews, therefore demonstrating chemical strategy as a prioritized outcome.

100%

Producers are required to prioritize chemical discharge into air and water. They are also required to ensure sludge receives proper treatment and disposal and that the Restricted Substance List is followed for input and output chemicals.

50%

Recycled Polyamide scores 50% better on the Higg MSI chemistry rating than virgin polyamide.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

64%

92%

Recycled polyamide inherently produces less waste than virgin polyamide. Whether chemically or mechanically recycled, the priority is to reduce waste. In addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually.

50%

Recycled polyamide inherently produces less waste than virgin polyamide. Feedstock aims to be maximized and where unusable, waste streams are sorted, organized, monitored, and generally disposed of by incentivized recovering. In addition, GRS requires producers to set meaningful reductions in waste production, improvements in waste management, and review progress annually.

50%

GRS requires producers to input 20% recycled feedstock for production. Recycled polyamide is sourced from pre-consumer waste, manufacturing process waste, post-consumer waste, household or commercial, industrial, or institutional facilities.

10%

18%

GRS requires adherence to legal minimums, industry benchmarks, or collective agreements for wages and working conditions. Work weeks should not exceed 48 hours and breaks, time off, and holidays should be respected. Alternative forms of workers’ representation and negotiation should not be hindered. Workers must receive written information on their employment conditions. Non-permanent work should not be exploited to evade labor obligations. Access to clean facilities and drinkable water is mandatory. Employment relationships must comply with national legislation and international labor standards.

17%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 29, prohibiting forced or compulsory labor, bonded labor, and indentured labor. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 105 or ILO Protocol 29, or provisions to prevent forced labor.

21%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 138: producers shall not recruit child labor or exploit children in any way and shall not employ young workers under 18 years of age at night. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 182, or provisions to prevent child labor.

19%

GRS requires that producers do not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination on the basis of gender, age, religion, marital status, race, caste, social background, diseases, disability, pregnancy, ethnic and national origin, nationality, membership in worker organizations including unions, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or any other personal characteristics. There are no requirements relating to ILO Convention 111.

21%

GRS requires producers to provide workers with the right to join or form trade unions or workers’ associations and the right to bargain collectively; producers shall not interfere with, obstruct or prevent such legitimate activities. While there is evidence that rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining are required, there are no requirements to align with ILO Conventions 87 and 98. To this end, risks are not adequately addressed.

26%

GRS requires producers to provide safe and clean working conditions, train workers and management in waste management, handling and disposing of chemicals and dangerous materials, and prevention of accidents and injury, provide sanitation and drinking water facilities, assign a health and safety representative, and provide and record health and safety training.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires adherence to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements for participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

6%

GRS requires producers to not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination in employment due to gender. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

47%

0%

The inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate emission management at production sites, therefore emissions are still commonly created.

0%

The inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce GHG emissions relating to material sourcing. However, emissions are still commonly created during production due to the recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion, and transportation. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate emission monitoring at production sites.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement an emission strategy, RCS aims to reduce the impacts of material sourcing. Emissions are still commonly created during the production phase, due to recycling of feedstock, fuel combustion and transportation. However, the overall emission impact is reduced and therefore recognized as a prioritized outcome.

0%

The inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to implement lower carbon practices toward climate mitigation.

0%

The inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce the overall impact on climate. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to implement climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

92%

Recycled polyamide is 92% less GHG intensive than virgin polyamide using data from the Higg MSI.

95%

Recycled polyamide uses 95% fewer fossil fuel resources than virgin polyamide using data from the Higg MSI.

21%

0%

Water-related risks in recycled polyamide are significantly lower than virgin polyamide due to the feedstock source. The main risks are associated with water use and potential chemical discharge. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water risk management.

0%

Although water use for recycled polyamide is significantly lower than virgin polyamide, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water withdrawal monitoring at production sites, therefore posing risks to the environment and local community.

0%

As a recycled synthetic, wastewater is significantly lower than virgin polyamide due to the inherent production practices. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate water contamination monitoring at production sites.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the overall water use. In addition, little water is utilized in the process of recycling, therefore demonstrating water health [withdrawal] as a prioritized outcome.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the potential of contaminated water. In addition, little wastewater is produced in the process of recycling, therefore demonstrating water health [contamination] as a prioritized outcome.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS producers are required to outline a water source consumption list.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS producers are required to outline a potential water source contamination list.

25%

RCS requires producers to input 5% recycled feedstock, therefore mitigating risks associated with oil and gas extraction. RCS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources or restrictions of synthetic chemicals, therefore some risk remains.

0%

Recycled polyamide is the highest impact of the polyamide programs included in the PFM Matrix for water scarcity.

33%

Recycled polyamide uses 33% less water than virgin polyamide.

73%

Recycled Polyamide’s eutrophication potential is 73% lower than virgin polyamide using data from the Higg MSI.

25%

0%

Generally, recycled polyamide poses less risks than virgin polyamide due to inherent production practices. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to demonstrate a chemical management system.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that chemical management practices are utilized at scale to address risks for recycled synthetics, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Generally, recycled polyamide poses less risks than virgin polyamide due to inherent production practices. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management.

25%

As a recycled synthetic, chemical impact is significantly reduced at the raw material production level. While RCS does not require producers to implement a chemical strategy, the little use of chemicals reduces risks associated with chemical discharge, demonstrating chemical strategy as a prioritized outcome.

0%

While the inherent production practices of recycled polyamide reduce chemical risks, RCS does not require producers to prioritize chemical metrics to mitigate risks.

50%

Recycled Polyamide scores 50% better on the Higg MSI chemistry rating than virgin polyamide.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

25%

0%

Recycled polyamide inherently produces less waste than virgin polyamide. Whether chemically or mechanically recycled, the priority is to reduce waste. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to set waste reduction strategies.

50%

Recycled polyamide inherently produces less waste than virgin polyamide. Feedstock aims to be maximized and where unusable, waste streams are sorted, organized, monitored, and generally disposed of by incentivized recovering. While best practices may be executed, RCS does not require producers to maximize waste streams.

25%

RCS requires producers to input 5% recycled feedstock for production. Recycled polyamide is sourced from pre-consumer waste, manufacturing process waste, post-consumer waste, household or commercial, industrial, or institutional facilities.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for forced labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from forced labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29. Additionally, there are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate forced and compulsory labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for child labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from child labor or employ young workers to perform hazardous work, as defined in ILO Conventions 138 and 182. There are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically regarding predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place for community consultation and engagement [right to participation]. In particular, there are no requirements that require participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements in the disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization [heavy restrictions on democratic processes, civil rights, or with systemic, state-supported violations of one or more human rights].

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. However, there is a lack of policies regarding the inclusion of under-represented or disadvantaged stakeholders. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at the outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress toward set targets.

0%

0%

Virgin polyamide relies on chemical inputs derived from oil and gas extraction, a process that is a fundamental contributor to GHG emissions. Additionally, refining, processing, and flaring can result in toxic substances being released into air, water, and soil. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management to lower emissions, increase efficiency, and encourage renewable energy use at material sourcing or material production is not addressed.

0%

Virgin polyamide relies on chemical inputs derived from oil and gas extraction, a process that is a fundamental contributor to GHG emissions. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not conducted, either at material sourcing or production, to track or align with any accounting methodology, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that an emission strategy is not implemented at either the material sourcing or production level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Virgin polyamide relies on energy-intensive methods and non-renewable sources. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate mitigation practices are not adopted at either the material sourcing or production level, contributing to the growing reliance on fossil fuels.

0%

Where there is no standard system in place, it is assumed that no climate resiliency methods to protect against extreme weather events are implemented at the material sourcing or production level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Polyamide with no standard system has the highest impact of the polyamide programs included in the PFM Matrix for global warming impacts.

0%

Polyamide with no standard system has the highest impact of the polyamide programs included in the PFM Matrix for fossil fuel resource depletion.

10%

0%

Water-related risks occur during the material sourcing and production phase of virgin polyamide. The primary extraction of oil and gas produces gray water, which contains toxic pollutants. In addition, the production of nylon, compared to other synthetic materials, has one of the highest rates of water consumption. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water management risks are not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Of all the synthetic polymers, polyamide uses the most water at the production stage. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal or consumption is not conducted, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Produced water from oil exploration contains varying quantities of heavy metals, volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, and a vast array of other potentially toxic compounds. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not conducted, even if individual producers and/or countries have procedures/legislation in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy to manage water consumption is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy to manage and mitigate contamination at material sourcing or production is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While some programs may consume less water, it is assumed that, where there is no standard system, a comprehensive water strategy for the waterways is not implemented, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a comprehensive water strategy for contamination is not place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no widespread mitigation of potential blue water contamination risks, as key material inputs are derived from oil and gas extraction. All forms of oil and gas extraction pose risks to surface and groundwater through pipeline leaks. Fracking and tar sands present elevated risk due to the large volumes of water needed for extraction and the high-risk storage and disposal of contaminated water.

59%

Polyamide with no standard system causes 59% less water scarcity than recycled polyamide, when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

Polyamide with no standard system has the highest water use in the Higg MSI, therefore used as a baseline.

0%

Polyamide with no standard system has the highest impact of the polyamide programs included in the PFM Matrix for Eutrophication Potential.

0%

0%

The polyamide production process is chemically intensive. Benzene, butadiene, and cyclohexane are utilized in the manufacturing of polyamide polymers and are all considered toxic and/or carcinogenic. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place. Without chemical procedures in place, residues can cause soil and water pollution, which can affect the environment, ecosystems, and communities.

0%

In virgin polyamide production, workers are exposed to toxic chemicals in oil and natural gas extraction, refinery operations, and intermediate chemical processing. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not implemented, presenting risks of short- and long-term injury, death, omitted incident recording at the plant, and misrepresentation on Occupational Safety and Health Administration [or equivalent] records.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management monitoring or restricted chemistry lists are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Without chemical monitoring-based actions, there is a risk of monomers escaping during off-gassing and into water, as well as threats of contamination, spillages, and dumping of wastewater.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management outcomes are not prioritized outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical strategy—and, consequently, coverage of the chemical system—is not a prioritized outcome outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Polyamide with no standard system has the highest [worst] Higg MSI chemistry rating of the polyamide programs included in the PFM Matrix.

0%

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Virgin polyamide is derived from crude oil and natural gas. The extraction of non-renewable materials is associated with land degradation, loss of native habitats and ecosystems, and removal of land from Indigenous and local peoples. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with deforestation and the pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with deforestation and the pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate deforestation on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

As a synthetic fiber derived from crude oil and natural gas, the extraction stage is associated with land conversion, removal of land from Indigenous and local peoples, and pollution of surrounding rivers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate land conversion on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

0%

Virgin polyamide is derived from crude oil and gas extraction, posing risks such as the conversion of native habitats, spillages and hazardous emissions, and waste deposition. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring of pressures at the source of material extraction or production site is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not prioritized and a strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

Not in scope

0%

0%

Large concentrations of hazardous waste are generated from fuel and process waste. Additionally, microfibers have been identified in freshwater and marine environments, traced to the industrial laundering of textile products. Although filtration systems may exist, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to reduce waste through stated plans.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to utilize, track or evaluate waste streams within production processes.

0%

As a virgin synthetic, feedstock is derived from crude oil and/or natural gas. As such, where there is no standard system, is it assumed that feedstock is not sourced from organic or waste sources.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefits from forced labor [in alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29] and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequently, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, or ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system, provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment [PPE] to workers performing hazardous work, or designate responsibility and accountability for the enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods [predictability and stability of income]. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core theory of change that includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving the predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances in relation to production-level operations; provide or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish in the grievance mechanism the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment [GBVH].

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Climate
Water
Chemistry
Land Use
Biodiversity
Resource Use and Waste
Human Rights
Initiative Integrity
Acetate FSC Certified F
Acetate with no standard system
IP
Acetate FSC Certified F
Acetate with no standard system IP
Acetate PEFC Certified F
Acetate with no standard system
IP
Acetate PEFC Certified F
Acetate with no standard system IP
Acetate with no standard system F
Acetate with no standard system
IP
Acetate with no standard system F
Acetate with no standard system IP
Bamboo Viscose with no standard system F
Bamboo Viscose with no standard system
IP
Bamboo Viscose with no standard system F
Bamboo Viscose with no standard system IP
Lyocell FSC Certified F
Lyocell with no standard system
IP
Lyocell FSC Certified F
Lyocell with no standard system IP
Lyocell PEFC Certified F
Lyocell with no standard system
IP
Lyocell PEFC Certified F
Lyocell with no standard system IP
Lyocell with no standard system F
Lyocell with no standard system
IP
Lyocell with no standard system
F
Lyocell with no standard system IP
Modal FSC Certified F
Modal with no standard system
IP
Modal FSC Certified F
Modal with no standard system IP
Modal PEFC Certified F
Modal with no standard system
IP
Modal PEFC Certified F
Modal with no standard system IP
Modal with no standard system F
Modal with no standard system
IP
Modal with no standard system F
Modal with no standard system IP
Viscose FSC Certified F
Viscose with no standard system
IP
Viscose FSC Certified F
Viscose with no standard system IP
Viscose PEFC Certified F
Viscose with no standard system
IP
Viscose PEFC Certified F
Viscose with no standard system IP
Viscose with no standard system F
Viscose with no standard system
IP
Viscose with no standard system F
Viscose with no standard system IP
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Emission Management
Emission Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Emission Strategy
Climate Mitigation
Climate Adaptation
Protection of Peat Soils and Below-Ground Carbon Stocks
Protection of Above-Ground Carbon Stocks
Evidence of Soil Carbon Sequestration
Global Warming Potential [Higg MSI]
Abiotic Resource Depletion, Fossil Fuels  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Water Risk Management
Water Monitoring (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Water Monitoring (Contamination)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Impacts of Oil and Gas Extraction on Surface and Groundwater
Water Scarcity [Higg MSI] 
Water Consumption  [Higg MSI]
Eutrophication potential [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Chemical Management Procedures
Chemical Management Practices
Chemical Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Chemical Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Chemical Strategy
Chemistry  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Soil Health Management
Soil Health Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Soil Health Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Soil Health Strategy
Soil Beneficial Practices for Cropping Systems
Land Management Planning
Ambitiousness of Land Strategy
Deforestation
Land Conversion
Forest Management
Forest Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Forest Strategy
Forest Harvesting
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Biodiversity Management Planning
Biodiversity Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Biodiversity Strategy
Habitat and Ecosystem Diversity
Habitat Protection and Restoration
Species and Genetic Diversity
Attention to Invasive Species
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Reducing Waste in Production Processes
Maximizing Values of Waste Streams
Consumption Through Feedstock Selection
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Wages and working conditions
Forced Labor
Child Labor
Non-discrimination
Freedom of Association
Occupational Health and Safety
Livelihoods: predictability and stability of income
Indigenous peoples and customary land rights
Land rights
Community consultation and engagement (right to participation)
Enabling environment for human rights realization
Grievance and remedy
Prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence and harassment
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Theory of Change
Standard-setting procedures
Governance
Claims management
Assurance oversight
Enforcement mechanism
Risk management
Feedback, Complaints & Grievances
Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning system

9%

23%

0%

0%

13%

13%

0%

50%

25%

0%

0%

11%

50%

0%

31%

0%

25%

0%

38%

31%

0%

0%

0%

17%

31%

13%

25%

25%

20%

0%

84%

100%

63%

75%

50%

17%

100%

88%

88%

100%

100%

100%

88%

75%

38%

50%

31%

38%

38%

38%

33%

38%

21%

13%

0%

50%

11%

6%

10%

10%

11%

9%

16%

10%

29%

16%

6%

0%

13%

6%

89%

75%

100%

50%

100%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

11%

45%

FSC requires producers to include climate change as a factor in management plans and procedures. In addition, environmental assessments will include opportunities for climate change adaptation and notices for vulnerability.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that FSC implements an emission monitoring plan, or outlines emission monitoring as a key part of the forest management plan.

0%

Emission reductions are not named as a prioritized outcome in the FSC certification. There is no evidence that emission management or monitoring takes place.

25%

FSC requires producers to implement the lower-carbon procedures of leaving woody debris as crop residue and above-ground carbon stock monitoring.

25%

FSC requires producers to use forest/vegetation as wind breaks and maintain green zones on the production unit.

0%

FSC producers need to identify and maintain important features in the production unit. However, peat soils and below-ground carbon stocks are not specifically mentioned in the certification, therefore risks to their identification and protection remain.

50%

FSC mandates the monitoring and protection of HCV forests—or those deemed to have a high conservation value. HCVs are classified not necessarily due to their carbon values alone, but also other key metrics such as rarity and species facilitated by said areas.

25%

FSC requires producers to be aware of soil degradation, and uses indicators such as structure, fertility, and biological activity to confirm compliance. No specific evidence of soil carbon sequestration is present in FSC.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

22%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of water risk management: identifying and protecting water resources in production zones. As it’s part of the FSC management plan, it is shown to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, considerate of future risks to water health, and regularly reviewed and subsequently adapted.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal considerations or priorities are outlined in the FSC certification. Monitoring of contamination and quality takes place, but it is unclear if withdrawal monitoring occurs in the forest management unit.

63%

The quality of water bodies and resources in the forest management unit is outlined in criteria under the FSC certification and backed by regular monitoring of water quality, with the results being incorporated into future management procedures.

0%

There is no evidence of water withdrawal considerations or priorities in the FSC certification.

50%

FSC requires the protection and restoration of water bodies, in terms of their quality, on the forest management unit. These sources are to be maintained or restored to a more potable state.

0%

Multiple sources of water are required to be protected or enhanced under FSC: surface, ground, and municipal. Language in the certification aligns more with considerations of contamination than withdrawal, though “enhancing” these resources could also imply considerations of water level and amount.

75%

FSC outlines surface, ground, and municipal water as sources to protect and maintain. For these sources, the program more clearly outlines considerations of water quality than withdrawal.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

23%

63%

A chemical management plan is not required on its own under the FSC certification. However, chemical management must be a part of the overall forest management plan if chemicals are used in production. This component, like other facets of the forest management plan, is subject to regular updates and reviews and outlines site-specific hazards and practices to avoid/reduce those hazards.

25%

FSC mandates that chemicals are handled appropriately, which includes being stored and separated from riparian and other ecological zones. The FSC list of prohibited highly hazardous pesticides aligns with the Stockholm Convention, Rotterdam Convention, and Montreal Protocol. In addition, FSC requires producers to demonstrate allocated personnel for chemical management, ensure training is carried out for all workers, keep records of training, and ensure that an annual review of the pesticide policy is in place, with continuous improvement.

50%

FSC mandates the adoption of an input chemical ban aligning with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, as well as any international pesticide agreement. It also requires the results from monitoring to be used in adaptive management.

50%

FSC requires that chemical management be documented and reviewed for efficacy with the forest management plan, reflecting the opportunity to demonstrate continuous improvement of chemical management outcomes.

40%

FSC has a comprehensive chemical strategy, as shown by highlighting input chemistry bans to follow, as well as discharge/contamination of waterways.

Not in scope.

84%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of soil health management, such as the identification and protection of soil resources. As it’s part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to soil health, regular review, and subsequent adaptation.

63%

As soil structure, fertility, and biological activity represent areas to maintain or enhance, monitoring the state of the soil needs to take place. These results are incorporated into the management plan and the actions are reviewed for effectiveness.

75%

FSC outlines continuous improvement areas for soil health in structure and nutrient cycling, especially for plantations. It also requires research to determine whether soil productivity will be harmed by harvesting; harvesting is contingent on these results.

50%

Soil structural health, nutrient cycling, and microbial health are to be maintained or enhanced in plantation forests.

17%

FSC supports leaving behind ‘woody debris’ from harvesting to improve soil structure and nutrient cycling.

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of land management planning, such as no conversion of forest to plantations or other forms of cultivated land unless it is evidenced to be conducive to further conservation. Since it is part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to biodiversity, and regular review and subsequent adaptation.

88%

FSC prioritizes land health outcomes in the requirement that no gross deforestation or land conversion will take place after the year 2020 and is contingent on remediation actions.

88%

FSC requires increased protections against deforestation, with a cut-off date aligning with industry standards of 2020, and a requirement on no gross deforestation.

100%

FSC requires increased protections against land conversion – with a cut-off date aligning to industry standards of 2020, and a requirement on no gross land conversion of any kind.

100%

FSC outlines mandatory criteria for forest management plans that are site-specific, such as considering local plant and animal species, as well as tree and ecosystem type. These plans are inclusive of collaboration with other stakeholders and are reviewed on a regular basis to incorporate ongoing monitoring results. The management plans consider future risks to forests due to management practices.

100%

Under FSC, forest monitoring is used to help guide management actions. Forest monitoring is annual, and the results are used to update management processes.

88%

FSC requires producers to keep forests healthy and diverse – program requires producers to identify, protect and restore areas of forest where successional stages are underrepresented. This is to keep diversity of each level of forest growth present in the management unit.

75%

FSC requires that special forest types are protected on the forest management unit, and that harvesting practices are designed to be minimally impactful to the surrounding environment. It also requires that forests are not converted unless under special circumstances, and provides requirements on best practice when even-aged silviculture is used, but does not mandate the use of uneven-aged harvesting practices where applicable.

76%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of biodiversity management planning such as identifying and protecting threatened and endangered animal species, plant species, wildlife habitats and high conservation value forests. As this is part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to biodiversity, and regular review and subsequent adaptation.

63%

FSC monitors the state of biodiversity on the production unit in the form of threatened species and ecosystem identification. The results are incorporated into management actions that are then tested against.

75%

FSC demonstrates an ambitious biodiversity strategy in naming continuous improvement points for key biodiversity figures: identification of protected areas and species. It also requires the documentation of potential impacts before starting production in a given area.

75%

FSC monitors the conditions of riparian zones and buffer zones, as well as the impacts of transport on migration corridors.

75%

FSC requires that managers protect and restore plantation land to natural forest cover. The allocation of land necessary for certification is dependent on plantation size; the larger the plantation, the larger the percentage of land to be set aside.

67%

FSC outlines considerations for the identification and prohibition of hunting threatened species on the production unit, implements a chemical ban to restrict the use of the most harmful chemicals that might affect species outside of those targeted, and works to minimize disturbances to migration corridors.

75%

FSC requires management plans to have specific considerations for dealing with invasive species, such as identifying and implementing processes to minimize risk of spread and, if possible, risk of eradicating established populations. The program also prioritizes using non-chemical control measures.

25%

25%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. FSC has criteria in place for strategies to minimize waste at the harvesting stage—but does leave room for leaving organic matter to maintain soil health and ideal growing conditions.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that are not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. There is no evidence to suggest that FSC requires producers to maximize the value of waste and, as such, these risks are not addressed at scale at the forestry level.

50%

Forests are a 100% biobased feedstock, though FSC certification does not include any commitments to the incorporation of recycled feedstocks in production.

22%

11%

FSC requires producers to provide workers with fair wages that meet or exceed minimum forest industry standards or other recognized industry wage agreements or living wages, where these are higher than the legal minimum wages. Additionally, shelters and sanitation units are to be built on-site. While a limit of 48 working hours per week is not referenced, FSC requires producers to comply with national limits.

20%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to prevent and eliminate all forms of forced or compulsory labor. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

20%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to effectively abolish child labor. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

22%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to address and prevent sexual harassment and discrimination on grounds such as marital status, gender, sexual orientation, or parenthood. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

18%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998), specifically ILO Conventions 87 and 98, to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. Additionally, verifiers must engage with labor unions and/or representatives during the certification process. Secure channels to raise grievances and seek remedy are to be provided by management as well.

32%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry Work, as well as applicable laws and regulations, to ensure a safe and healthy working environment. In addition, there is a requirement for PPE to be supplied to all workers who are at risk of exposure. Health and safety training is provided and specified to the forestry industry—with provisions on the use of machinery and chemicals, to name a few.

19%

FSC includes a Theory of Change that outlines improving the economic and social management of forests, listing wages and workers’ well-being as key objectives. Included in the certification criteria are requirements for committing to improving farmer incomes towards a living income and purchasing local goods and services of equal price and quality.

58%

FSC requires producers to respect legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples and adhere to UNDRIP; engage with affected Indigenous groups in the communities’ native language or an understandable format; assess compliance with customary land rights and Indigenous peoples’ consent; recommend training on Indigenous rights and land tenure; engage directly with Indigenous rightsholders; offer secure channels for grievances and access to remedy; identify and address risks to Indigenous land rights; provide guidance on culturally sensitive engagement; and involve Indigenous experts.

33%

FSC requires adherence to legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law. Additionally, FSC assurance protocols require engagement with stakeholders in governance, standard setting, and audits, as well as providing secure channels for local communities and civil society organizations to effectively raise grievances and concerns and access remedies.

13%

FSC requires producers to participate in community consultation to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts, as well as disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the business operation. However, disclosure does not have to be direct.

0%

There is no evidence that FSC has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that FSC has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

27%

FSC requires producers to establish a system to address grievances in the worker’s native language and comprehensible format; take part in the remediation of significant risks; enable anonymous complaint submission by workers; involve workers’ unions; establish a clear procedure and assign responsibility for handling and addressing grievances; ensure grievance mechanisms are connected to a verified remedy process; engage workers in the grievance mechanism; and adopt a gender-sensitive approach to handling grievances.

13%

FSC requires commitments to preventing and addressing discrimination based on sex within the workplace. Producers are required to provide a workplace free from discrimination, with equal protection; respect and promote equality and human rights, including non-discrimination and equal rights for men and women; and prevent violence and discrimination against Indigenous women and children.

89%

75%

FSC has published a strategy document outlining a vision for 2050, long-term outcomes, a results framework, and strategies with sub-goals. The organization’s mission is mentioned in the standard, along with the objective of the criteria. While the vision and strategy have time-bound elements, the concrete goals are qualitative and lack measurable indicators. Accountability is maintained through annual progress reporting to the membership by the secretariat and board.

100%

The standard has a development and revision procedure. A version control outlining changes is included. The document distinguishes between three types of revision processes: major, regular, and accelerated. Public consultations are announced on the FSC website, while focused consultations invite stakeholders to provide input. Before developing new requirements, an initial analysis is conducted, including assessing the need for normative regulation and recommending key intended outcomes.

50%

FSC has a Board of Directors overseeing activities for four years, and an International Secretariat executing the Global Strategy. Impartiality policies are mentioned on the website, but they are not publicly available. Roles and responsibilities are not clearly distinguished for Secretariat members. FSC offers membership in environmental, social, and economic chambers for contributing to responsible forestry.

100%

FSC requires an unbroken chain of certified organizations for products to be claimed as FSC certified. Chain of Custody certification is mandatory in the supply chain. FSC provides guidance on correct trademark use and can suspend or terminate permission for misuse. The FSC labels include FSC 100%, FSC Recycled, and FSC Mix, mix allows a minimum of 70% certified inputs. There are guidelines for allowed claims, and the trademark use document specifies approved outcome- and content-based claims.

100%

FSC works with independent Certification Bodies and an Accreditation Body (ASI), and has documented their assurance oversight procedures. The Certification Body procedure outlines expected tasks and annual surveillance evaluations for FSC clients. The document for Certification Bodies provides roles, responsibilities, and application processes for the Accreditation Body. There are guidance documents on assessing conformity, interpretations of the normative framework, and complaints handling.

100%

The Certification Body procedure includes sections on conducting conformity assessments, defining minor and major nonconformities, and suspending and withdrawing certification. There is a motivation mechanism in place for reducing the frequency of audits for certified organizations with a history of no nonconformities, as well as for Certification Bodies to publish evaluation reports with audit findings to demonstrate accuracy.

75%

The Certification Body procedure states that FSC and ASI can request higher surveillance frequencies for challenging or high-risk geographical areas or certification services. FSC has a risk management plan, including the Policy for Association, to protect its credibility and reputation. Risk assessments and control measures have been published for various countries and categories of risk, but no quantification of the risks is provided.

100%

FSC provides an easily accessible webpage for submitting complaints and feedback, with explicit instructions for doing so. They have a procedure for processing complaints in the certification scheme. FSC also has a consultation platform for gathering feedback on a wide variety of topics and normative documents, ensuring stakeholder input is considered and addressed.

100%

The FSC M&E Framework tracks progress against the FSC Global Strategy 2021-2026. It consists of 3 strategies with goals aligned with the FSC 2026 Objective and 2050 Vision. Stakeholder categories for the M&E system are revised annually. The FSC introduced digital audit reporting in 2022, and clarifies who will get access to aggregated data to run reports. Outcome-level evaluation analyses are published

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts from no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores the lowest for baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts from no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores the lowest for baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

0%

The majority of water risk occurs during pulping/fiber production. Chemicals and water are needed to condition wood pulp, treat cellulose fibers, dissolve cellulose triacetate, and purify and wash the regenerated fibers. There is also a risk that chemical discharge and water are used to cool machines. Acetate does have the benefit of using the dry spinning method, which reduces water use. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

In acetate production, cellulose is derived from softwood (such as pine) and hardwood (such as eucalyptus)—both of which are renewable sources in nature. However, fossil fuel-derived plasticizers can also be incorporated into the material. Some producers incorporate recycled waste as a substitute for fossil fuel-derived feedstocks.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

0%

The majority of chemical use—and, in turn, chemical risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. Specifically, the use of chemicals in pulping and fiber production poses health risks to workers, the environment, and public health through emissions and effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Acetate with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are therefore inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

11%

33%

0%

13%

13%

13%

0%

63%

25%

0%

0%

6%

25%

0%

0%

13%

13%

0%

13%

31%

0%

0%

0%

16%

31%

6%

25%

25%

20%

0%

74%

50%

50%

25%

33%

0%

100%

88%

100%

100%

100%

63%

75%

75%

23%

44%

31%

25%

13%

0%

25%

25%

20%

10%

0%

50%

7%

3%

8%

8%

9%

4%

4%

3%

15%

15%

13%

0%

4%

3%

79%

100%

58%

75%

100%

100%

83%

25%

100%

69%

14%

65%

PEFC encourages climate-positive actions under the forest management plan. As part of the management plan, these actions can be reviewed and updated for subsequent plans. However, no detail on the degree of required implementation or best practices is provided.

0%

PEFC requires the monitoring of air pollutants in the forest management plan—though it is unclear whether this is targeted at the air pollutants produced in the production process or ambient air quality.

25%

PEFC encourages actions that are aimed at reducing GHG emissions during production. However, there is no evidence demonstrating that decreased emissions are required under the forest management plan.

25%

PEFC requires producers to harvest in line with no net loss objectives, and maps ecologically important forest areas (above-ground carbon stocks).

25%

PEFC highlights that forests’ ability to prevent floods and erosion is protected and enhanced. Additionally, the protection of ecologically important forest ecosystems includes riparian areas.

0%

While the carbon-sequestering ability of forests is required to be identified and maintained, there is no evidence that this extends to below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils.

63%

PEFC requires protecting the forest’s capacity to sequester carbon. This includes the mapping of ecologically important forests. The program also includes steps to prevent deforestation and production on recently deforested land.

25%

PEFC requires producers to maintain the carbon sequestration capacity of forests and documents the carbon sequestration ability of the soil in separate research.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

12%

50%

PEFC outlines water management as a part of the forest management plan. The language in the certification is representative of more general considerations of water management but does incorporate mapping, regular review, and corresponding updates to the plan.

0%

PEFC requires monitoring for forest health values. However, water withdrawal monitoring is not evidenced to be a part of this process.

0%

PEFC requires monitoring for forest health values. However, it is not evident that water quality monitoring is part of this process.

25%

PEFC names water quantity as an outcome for forests with water protection functions, but water quantity does not seem to be explicitly monitored. Therefore, the extent of ambition beyond the statement is unclear.

25%

PEFC names water quality as an outcome for forests with water protection functions, but water quality does not seem to be explicitly monitored. Therefore, the extent of ambition beyond the statement is unclear.

0%

PEFC does not specify bodies of water in which to prioritize outcomes of water withdrawal.

25%

PEFC outlines considerations for surface water contamination in response to infrastructure construction.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

22%

63%

PEFC requires an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system in forest management plans. While IPMs address biodiversity concerns, they are also used for the reduction of pesticide use in the management unit. The management plan is reviewed regularly and with stakeholders, considering future impacts along with management goals.

13%

PEFC requires producers to store, label, separate, and dispose of chemicals in line with the ILO Code of Good Practice. Persons handling chemicals have received appropriate training and protective equipment.

50%

PEFC requires compliance with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b. Exceptions can exist where substitutes are not viable, thus risks of highly hazardous pesticide use remain.

50%

Since an integrated pest management plan is implemented for the reduction of pesticide/chemical use and reviewed with the management plan on a continual basis, it can be inferred that PEFC maintains a continuous improvement outlook on chemical use.

40%

PEFC implements a restricted chemistry list aligning with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b and the Stockholm Convention.

Not in scope.

74%

50%

Soil health is required to be maintained or enhanced under PEFC forest management. Verification of this takes place regularly, and the results are incorporated into subsequent plans.

50%

PEFC requires soil health mapping to identify soils at risk of erosion on the production unit.

25%

Soil health is named as a targeted outcome related to harvesting practices. The language is representative of a more general—rather than site-specific—concern for soil health, but requires that forest management practices occur in a way that does not harm soil quality.

33%

PEFC outlines soil structural health and carbon cycles as priority objectives in forest production.

0%

There is no evidence put forth to show that beneficial soil health practices are employed in a PEFC-certified forest.

100%

PEFC requires producers to implement measures that demonstrate adaptive, site-attuned, and regularly reviewed land management plans.

88%

PEFC names land use as a priority outcome in prohibiting conversion either to or from forests, and mandates that continuous training be provided on forestry techniques and forest management.

100%

PEFC demonstrates commitment to the prevention of deforestation through improved management practices, with a cut-off date of 2010 and continual training in forest management best practice.

100%

PEFC demonstrates commitment to the prevention of land conversion through improved management practices, with a cut-off date of 2010 and continual training in forest management best practice.

100%

PEFC requires a regionally specific, regularly updated management plan that is collaborated on with relevant stakeholders. It is representative of future impacts to forests as a result of intended management operations.

63%

PEFC has a comprehensive forest monitoring plan that incorporates results on the state and pressures of forest health into the management plan.

75%

PEFC requires continuous improvement to forest health under the management plan, and that no land be converted for production operations.

75%

PEFC outlines that forest loss or conversion cannot take place during production or harvesting, as well as outlining the use of harvesting techniques to minimize impacts to surrounding forest resources, and requires no harvesting of old or rare trees on the production site.

46%

88%

Biodiversity is a focal point of a PEFC-compliant forest management plan, which requires management planning to be inclusive of maintaining and/or enhancing ecosystem and species diversity. The management plan is reviewed regularly and with stakeholders, considering future impacts along with management goals.

63%

PEFC requires periodic monitoring on the state of biodiversity on the production unit. Results of this monitoring are used to update the management plan.

50%

PEFC requires the continual maintenance, conservation, and/or enhancement of several biodiversity features on management units: ecosystem, species, and genetic diversity.

25%

PEFC outlines requirements to maintain and/or improve habitat corridors.

0%

PEFC requires producers to set aside ecologically important forest areas—though percentage figures or thresholds for the minimum amount of land required to be set aside is unclear.

50%

PEFC prohibits the hunting or fishing of threatened and endangered species, requires that pesticides with persistent impacts outside of their intended purposes are banned, and aims to maintain migration corridors.

50%

PEFC outlines general principles, more aligned with avoiding the introduction of invasive species to the production unit than their active mitigation.

23%

20%

PEFC communicates that non-organic waste on the production site be removed and disposed of. There is no evidence to suggest that this is part of a larger effort to reduce waste in production processes.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that waste streams are separated and/or organized for the purpose of reuse.

50%

Forests are a 100% biobased feedstock, though PEFC does not include any commitments to the incorporation of recycled feedstocks in production

14%

6%

PEFC requires producers to ensure the statutory minimum wage or collectively bargained wage (whichever is higher) is paid to all hired workers and that working hours and leave comply with national laws or applicable collective agreements. Moreover, PEFC requires steps to be taken to increase wages toward a living wage in addition to increases for inflation.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105 for the elimination of forced or compulsory labor. However, there is no evidence that requirements include provisions aimed at preventing specific forced labor risks relevant to the target sector. Additionally, PEFC does not require that external verifiers and other actors involved in monitoring forced labor risks receive dedicated training on sensitization and detecting forced labor.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 138 and 182 for the effective abolition of child labor. However, PEFC does not require that a remediation policy or plan specifically targeted at child labor is provided, or that external verifiers receive dedicated training on sensitization and detecting child labor.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Convention 111 to prevent and address discrimination and ILO Convention 100 to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value. There are also requirements for gender equality to be promoted, especially in the context of equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and workplace harassment as well as the requirement for monitoring, as a part of forest management, for social impacts of these practices.

8%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to freedom of association. In particular, PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 87 and 98 to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining.

7%

PEFC requires that forest operations shall be planned, organized, and performed in a manner that enables health and accident risks to be identified and reasonable measures to be applied to protect workers. Workers shall also be informed about the risks involved in their work and preventive measures, in addition to being assured that working conditions will be safe and guidance and training in safe working practices will be provided. In line with the ILO Code of Good Practice, PEFC requires an OHS responsible party, OHS safety training as it concerns forestry, and verification contingent on a review of the OHS system.

6%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to livelihoods. In particular, PEFC requires producers to commit to improving farmer incomes towards a living income.

29%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, PEFC requires certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), and engage with all Indigenous groups affected by business operations. In addition, PEFC requires producers to assess whether customary land rights or Indigenous peoples’ rights to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) have been respected.

30%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to land rights. In particular, PEFC requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law, as well as verification of the legality and effective implementation of laws related to land and water acquisition and respect for land and water rights.

25%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, PEFC requires that participatory consultation take place within local communities to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts. PEFC also requires certified producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the business operation.

0%

There is no evidence that PEFC has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

7%

PEFC requires producers to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations. In addition, PEFC requires certified producers to provide or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism.

6%

There is evidence that PEFC has a requirement in place to promote a commitment to equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and freedom from workplace harassment. Underpinning this is the requirement that gender equality should be promoted throughout. However, there are no explicit requirements for certified producers to take steps to address the risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

79%

100%

The organization released a 2030 strategy document detailing sustainability goals and plans to achieve them. The document includes measurable and time-bound targets, such as a 15% increase in PEFC-certified area by 2030. Two strategic pathways focus on improving communication and engagement to maximize awareness of the certification strategy.

58%

The organization has a document explaining the process for standardization bodies developing, reviewing, and revising standards endorsed by PEFC. All standards undergo review and revision every five years. However, procedures for urgent changes to the international standard are not explicitly mentioned for the international standard itself. The standard development process includes public consultations. It is not mentioned what research has gone into the standard development process.

75%

PEFC’s governance structure includes the Board and General Assembly (providing strategic direction and electing the Board). The website outlines various roles and responsibilities within the management team. Membership is open to companies, organizations, and associations with shared principles, granting them voting rights in the General Assembly and the opportunity to join working groups and committees.

100%

The organization has various documents and policies focused on claims management, also covering its different chains of custody models. Claims must align with one of the three models, and one of them requires the client organization to calculate the percentage of certified content. It has procedures and potential consequences for not adhering to logo usage rules, including financial penalties and license cancellation. Claims are solely based on content, for which guidelines are provided.

100%

PEFC’s website explains their assurance oversight approach, which involves collaborating with independent certification bodies (CBs) and accreditation bodies. The document describes the roles and responsibilities of both CBs and accreditation bodies. CBs conduct annual visits to certificate holders to ensure ongoing compliance with the standards. CBs are required to undergo initial PEFC-recognized training and periodic refresher trainings to conduct audits effectively.

83%

Procedures exist to address major and minor non-conformities. Certified organizations are given three months to complete corrective actions for major non-conformities found during audits. In case no non-conformities were identified during an on-site audit, less stringent audit techniques like documentation and records review may be used as alternatives. There are no motivation mechanisms for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

25%

Certification bodies are required to determine their auditing sample on the basis of a risk analysis. The organization provides only a general overview of threats to forests and the industry. It does not have a risk management plan on how to identify and manage risks to the sector and organization, a risk map or overview to help certified organizations and assurance actors identify main current sector risks, or explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks.

100%

There is a webpage for complaints and appeals, providing an email address and clear instructions. The contact page can be utilized for continuous feedback. The complaints and appeals webpage as well as a complaints management procedure clarify responsibilities for handling different types of inputs. PEFC holds public consultations not only for revisions of the standard, but also of other procedures such as Certification Body requirements.

69%

PEFC’s strategy document serves as the guide for the organization’s monitoring and evaluation system. Annual Reviews report on system outputs defined in the M&E framework. The organization monitors and reviews its key performance indicators annually, which are derived from the objectives outlined in the strategy document. These indicators form the foundation of the organization’s M&E framework. There is no data communication policy or procedure.

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts from no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores the lowest for baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts from no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores the lowest for baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

0%

The majority of water risk occurs during pulping/fiber production. Chemicals and water are needed to condition wood pulp, treat cellulose fibers, dissolve cellulose triacetate, and purify and wash the regenerated fibers. There is also a risk that chemical discharge and water are used to cool machines. Acetate does have the benefit of using the dry spinning method, which reduces water use. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

In acetate production, cellulose is derived from softwood (such as pine) and hardwood (such as eucalyptus)—both of which are renewable sources in nature. However, fossil fuel-derived plasticizers can also be incorporated into the material. Some producers incorporate recycled waste as a substitute for fossil fuel-derived feedstocks.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

0%

The majority of chemical use—and, in turn, chemical risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. Specifically, the use of chemicals in pulping and fiber production poses health risks to workers, the environment, and public health through emissions and effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Acetate with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are therefore inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

2%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

31%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

17%

0%

0%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Forest feedstocks for MMCFs are a source of emission risks, namely deforestation. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or training and financial support are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate resiliency, adaptation, or financial support practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the protection of below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that above-ground carbon stocks are not improved and protected with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main feedstock for manmade cellulosic fibers is pulp derived from wood. The degree to which carbon remains sequestered depends on soil type, responsible harvesting techniques, and reforestation practices, none of which are controlled where there is no standard system in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

4%

0%

The majority of water use—and, in turn, water risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. There are, however, some risks at the forestry level if pesticides or fertilizers are used. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water risk management plan is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The majority of chemical use—and, in turn, chemical risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. Fertilizers are regularly used on tree plantations (not natural forests) and pesticides are used sporadically. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical management plan for procedures is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics for chemistry are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with soil health are connected to fertilizer/pesticide application. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics are not utilized for soil health outcomes, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that any beneficial soil health practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

The main risks associated with land use are deforestation and land conversion resulting from improper logging/harvesting, as well as the application of pesticides/fertilizers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to deforestation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to land conversion, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main risks associated with forestry are the introduction of non-indigenous trees, forest/plantation logging, monoculture growth, pesticide/fertilizer application, and maintenance and management practices that may have adverse impacts on local ecosystems, water quality, deforestation changes, and local communities. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest management techniques are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest monitoring is not utilized to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

There are sporadic commitments to limit or eliminate the harvesting of ancient or endangered forests, but where there is no standard system, it is assumed that these commitments are not standard or aligned with a widely accepted accounting methodology.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not implemented to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a waste reduction plan is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that is not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. While some programs may practice recycling or take part in monitoring reuse and recycling, this is not standard across the board.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts from no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores the lowest for baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts from no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores the lowest for baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

0%

The majority of water risk occurs during pulping/fiber production. Chemicals and water are needed to condition wood pulp, treat cellulose fibers, dissolve cellulose triacetate, and purify and wash the regenerated fibers. There is also a risk that chemical discharge and water are used to cool machines. Acetate does have the benefit of using the dry spinning method, which reduces water use. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

In acetate production, cellulose is derived from softwood (such as pine) and hardwood (such as eucalyptus)—both of which are renewable sources in nature. However, fossil fuel-derived plasticizers can also be incorporated into the material. Some producers incorporate recycled waste as a substitute for fossil fuel-derived feedstocks.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Acetate without a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system has scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

0%

The majority of chemical use—and, in turn, chemical risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. Specifically, the use of chemicals in pulping and fiber production poses health risks to workers, the environment, and public health through emissions and effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Acetate with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system. Acetate with no standard system scores with the lowest baseline performance across impact categories and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are therefore inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

17%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

47%

53%

39%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

63%

97%

96%

64%

5%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

33%

3%

0%

0%

0%

0%

17%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

25%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

17%

0%

0%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Bamboo viscose is a fast-growing, renewable grass that can have beneficial impacts on air and soil. However, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emissions are not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or training and financial support are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate resiliency, adaptation, or financial support practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the protection of below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that above-ground carbon stocks are not improved and protected with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main feedstock for bamboo viscose fibers is pulp derived from bamboo wood. The degree to which carbon remains sequestered depends on soil type, responsible harvesting techniques, and reforestation practices, none of which are controlled where there is no standard system in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

4%

0%

Bamboo viscose mirrors the process used with viscose and, as such, the majority of risks present in pulping/fiber production. There are, however, some risks at the forestry level if pesticides or fertilizers are used. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water risk management plan is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

For bamboo viscose, the main cellulose feedstock is derived from bamboo (wood pulp), which is renewable. Thus, by construction, viscose feedstock does come from renewable sources and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

Generally, bamboo viscose does not require the use of pesticides or fertilizers due to the nature of its growth patterns. However, if used, there are risks present with chemical discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics for chemistry are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

3%

0%

Bamboo can promote soil health through erosion prevention, no-till, etc. However, risks are present if bamboo is grown in a monoculture and pesticides and fertilizers are used. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics are not utilized for soil health outcomes, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

17%

Bamboo has a number of soil beneficial practices that promote soil health, including the fact that most bamboo is harvested from land that is not tilled. Additionally, bamboo’s growth structure underground allows it to minimize soil disturbance when being harvested and separately, prevent erosion.

0%

The main risks associated with land use are deforestation and land conversion resulting from improper logging/harvesting, as well as the application of pesticides/fertilizers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to deforestation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to land conversion, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main risks associated with forestry are the introduction of non-indigenous trees, forest/plantation logging, monoculture growth, pesticide/fertilizer application, and maintenance and management practices may have adverse impacts on local ecosystems, water quality, deforestation changes and local communities. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest management techniques not are utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest monitoring is not utilized to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

Bamboo is generally considered a low-impact feedstock when not grown in a monoculture and harvested by smaller farmers who use it as a border crop in rural areas.

0%

There are sporadic commitments to limit or eliminate harvesting of ancient or endangered forests, but where there is no standard system, it is assumed that these commitments are not standard or aligned with a widely accepted accounting methodology.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a waste reduction plan is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that is not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. While some programs may practice recycling or take part in monitoring reuse and recycling, this is not standard across the board.

50%

For bamboo viscose, the main cellulose feedstock is derived from bamboo (wood pulp), which is renewable. Thus, by construction, bamboo viscose does source feedstock from renewable sources.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Most bamboo viscose is processed using the same process as viscose, but it can also be processed the same way lyocell is, which lessens emissions impact. However, this process is used on a small portion of bamboo viscose. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

47%

Bamboo viscose is 47% less GHG-intensive than Acetate with no standard system and 20.94% less GHG-intensive than Viscose with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

Bamboo viscose uses 53% fewer fossil fuel resources than Acetate with no standard system and 8.68% less than Viscose with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

The majority of water risk comes from pulping/fiber production. Most bamboo viscose uses the same process as viscose, but bamboo viscose can be processed in the same way lyocell is, which lessens water impact. However, bamboo requires a continuous washing process, which exacerbates the risks of chemical discharge (zinc and carbon disulfide). Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

For bamboo viscose, the main feedstock is derived from wood pulp, which is renewable. Thus, by construction, bamboo viscose does source feedstock from renewable sources, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

97%

Bamboo Viscose causes 97% less water scarcity than Acetate with no standard system and 81.78% less than Viscose with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

96%

Bamboo viscose uses 96% less water than Acetate with no standard system and 75.81% less than Viscose with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

64%

Bamboo viscose’s eutrophication potential is 64% lower than acetate with no standard system and 40% lower than viscose with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

Bamboo mirrors the viscose process for pulping/fiber production unless the lyocell process is used, but this represents a small portion of production. Due to viscose requiring a continuous washing process (which uses zinc and carbon disulfide), the risk of toxic exposure is high and can negatively impact stakeholders through emissions or effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Bamboo viscose scores 33% better on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than viscose with no standard system and acetate with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

For bamboo viscose, the main cellulose feedstock is derived from bamboo (wood pulp), which is renewable. Thus, by construction, bamboo viscose does source feedstock from renewable sources.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

28%

23%

0%

0%

13%

13%

0%

50%

25%

39%

59%

42%

50%

0%

31%

0%

25%

0%

38%

63%

89%

79%

39%

27%

44%

13%

25%

38%

20%

33%

84%

100%

63%

75%

50%

17%

100%

88%

88%

100%

100%

100%

88%

75%

38%

50%

31%

38%

38%

38%

33%

38%

21%

13%

0%

50%

11%

6%

10%

10%

11%

9%

16%

10%

29%

16%

6%

0%

13%

6%

89%

75%

100%

50%

100%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

11%

45%

FSC requires producers to include climate change as a factor in management plans and procedures. In addition, environmental assessments will include opportunities for climate change adaptation and notices for vulnerability.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that FSC implements an emission monitoring plan, or outlines emission monitoring as a key part of the forest management plan.

0%

Emission reductions are not named as a prioritized outcome in the FSC certification. There is no evidence that emission management or monitoring takes place.

25%

FSC requires producers to implement the lower-carbon procedures of leaving woody debris as crop residue and above-ground carbon stock monitoring.

25%

FSC requires producers to use forest/vegetation as wind breaks and maintain green zones on the production unit.

0%

FSC producers need to identify and maintain important features in the production unit. However, peat soils and below-ground carbon stocks are not specifically mentioned in the certification, therefore risks to their identification and protection remain.

50%

FSC mandates the monitoring and protection of HCV forests—or those deemed to have a high conservation value. HCVs are classified not necessarily due to their carbon values alone, but also other key metrics such as rarity and species facilitated by said areas.

25%

FSC requires producers to be aware of soil degradation, and uses indicators such as structure, fertility, and biological activity to confirm compliance. No specific evidence of soil carbon sequestration is present in FSC.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

22%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of water risk management: identifying and protecting water resources in production zones. As it’s part of the FSC management plan, it is shown to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, considerate of future risks to water health, and regularly reviewed and subsequently adapted.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal considerations or priorities are outlined in the FSC certification. Monitoring of contamination and quality takes place, but it is unclear if withdrawal monitoring occurs on the forest management unit.

63%

The quality of water bodies and resources in the forest management unit is outlined in criteria under the FSC certification and backed by regular monitoring of water quality, with the results being incorporated into future management procedures.

0%

There is no evidence of water withdrawal considerations or priorities in the FSC certification.

50%

FSC requires the protection and restoration of water bodies, in terms of their quality, in the forest management unit. These sources are to be maintained or restored to a more potable state.

0%

Multiple sources of water are required to be protected or enhanced under FSC: surface, ground, and municipal. Language in the certification aligns more with considerations of contamination than withdrawal, though “enhancing” these resources could also imply considerations of water level and amount.

75%

FSC outlines surface, ground, and municipal water as sources to protect and maintain. For these sources, the program more clearly outlines considerations of water quality than withdrawal.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

23%

63%

A chemical management plan is not required on its own under the FSC certification. However, chemical management must be a part of the overall forest management plan if chemicals are used in production. This component, like other facets of the forest management plan, is subject to regular updates and reviews and outlines site-specific hazards and practices to avoid/reduce those hazards.

25%

FSC mandates that chemicals are handled appropriately, which includes being stored and separated from riparian and other ecological zones. The FSC list of prohibited highly hazardous pesticides aligns with the Stockholm Convention, Rotterdam Convention, and Montreal Protocol. In addition, FSC requires producers to demonstrate allocated personnel for chemical management, ensure training is carried out for all workers, keep records of training, and ensure that an annual review of the pesticide policy is in place, with continuous improvement.

50%

FSC mandates the adoption of an input chemical ban aligning with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, as well as any international pesticide agreement. It also requires the results from monitoring to be used in adaptive management.

50%

FSC requires that chemical management be documented and reviewed for efficacy with the forest management plan, reflecting the opportunity to demonstrate continuous improvement of chemical management outcomes.

40%

FSC has a comprehensive chemical strategy, as shown by highlighting input chemistry bans to follow, as well as discharge/contamination of waterways.

Not in scope.

84%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of soil health management, such as the identification and protection of soil resources. As it’s part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to soil health, regular review, and subsequent adaptation.

63%

As soil structure, fertility, and biological activity represent areas to maintain or enhance, monitoring the state of the soil needs to take place. These results are incorporated into the management plan and the actions are reviewed for effectiveness.

75%

FSC outlines continuous improvement areas for soil health in structure and nutrient cycling, especially for plantations. It also requires research to determine whether soil productivity will be harmed by harvesting; harvesting is contingent on these results.

50%

Soil structural health, nutrient cycling, and microbial health are to be maintained or enhanced in plantation forests.

17%

FSC supports leaving behind ‘woody debris’ from harvesting to improve soil structure and nutrient cycling.

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of land management planning, such as no conversion of forest to plantations or other forms of cultivated land unless it is evidenced to be conducive to further conservation. Since it is part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to biodiversity, and regular review and subsequent adaptation.

88%

FSC prioritizes land health outcomes in the requirement that no gross deforestation or land conversion will take place after the year 2020 and is contingent on remediation actions.

88%

FSC requires increased protections against deforestation, with a cut-off date aligning with industry standards of 2020, and a requirement on no gross deforestation.

100%

FSC requires increased protections against land conversion – with a cut-off date aligning to industry standards of 2020, and a requirement on no gross land conversion of any kind.

100%

FSC outlines mandatory criteria for forest management plans that are site-specific, such as considering local plant and animal species, as well as tree and ecosystem type. These plans are inclusive of collaboration with other stakeholders and are reviewed on a regular basis to incorporate ongoing monitoring results. The management plans consider future risks to forests due to management practices.

100%

Under FSC, forest monitoring is used to help guide management actions. Forest monitoring is annual, and the results are used to update management processes.

88%

FSC requires producers to keep forests healthy and diverse – program requires producers to identify, protect and restore areas of forest where successional stages are underrepresented. This is to keep diversity of each level of forest growth present in the management unit.

75%

FSC requires that special forest types are protected on the forest management unit, and that harvesting practices are designed to be minimally impactful to the surrounding environment. It also requires that forests are not converted unless under special circumstances, and provides requirements on best practice when even-aged silviculture is used, but does not mandate the use of uneven-aged harvesting practices where applicable.

76%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of biodiversity management planning such as identifying and protecting threatened and endangered animal species, plant species, wildlife habitats and high conservation value forests. As this is part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to biodiversity, and regular review and subsequent adaptation.

63%

FSC monitors the state of biodiversity on the production unit in the form of threatened species and ecosystem identification. The results are incorporated into management actions that are then tested against.

75%

FSC demonstrates an ambitious biodiversity strategy in naming continuous improvement points for key biodiversity figures: identification of protected areas and species. It also requires the documentation of potential impacts before starting production in a given area.

75%

FSC monitors the conditions of riparian zones and buffer zones, as well as the impacts of transport on migration corridors.

75%

FSC requires that managers protect and restore plantation land to natural forest cover. The allocation of land necessary for certification is dependent on plantation size; the larger the plantation, the larger the percentage of land to be set aside.

67%

FSC outlines considerations for the identification and prohibition of hunting threatened species on the production unit, implements a chemical ban to restrict the use of the most harmful chemicals that might affect species outside of those targeted, and works to minimize disturbances to migration corridors.

75%

FSC requires management plans to have specific considerations for dealing with invasive species, such as identifying and implementing processes to minimize risk of spread and, if possible, risk of eradicating established populations. The program also prioritizes using non-chemical control measures.

25%

25%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. FSC has criteria in place for strategies to minimize waste at the harvesting stage—but does leave room for leaving organic matter to maintain soil health and ideal growing conditions.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that are not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. There is no evidence to suggest that FSC requires producers to maximize the value of waste and, as such, these risks are not addressed at scale at the forestry level.

50%

Forests are a 100% biobased feedstock, though FSC certification does not include any commitments to the incorporation of recycled feedstocks in production.

22%

11%

FSC requires producers to provide workers with fair wages that meet or exceed minimum forest industry standards or other recognized industry wage agreements or living wages, where these are higher than the legal minimum wages. Additionally, shelters and sanitation units are to be built on-site. While a limit of 48 working hours per week is not referenced, FSC requires producers to comply with national limits.

20%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to prevent and eliminate all forms of forced or compulsory labor. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

20%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to effectively abolish child labor. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

22%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to address and prevent sexual harassment and discrimination on grounds such as marital status, gender, sexual orientation, or parenthood. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

18%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998), specifically ILO Conventions 87 and 98, to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. Additionally, verifiers must engage with labor unions and/or representatives during the certification process. Secure channels to raise grievances and seek remedy are to be provided by management as well.

32%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry Work, as well as applicable laws and regulations, to ensure a safe and healthy working environment. In addition, there is a requirement for PPE to be supplied to all workers who are at risk of exposure. Health and safety training is provided and specified to the forestry industry—with provisions on the use of machinery and chemicals, to name a few.

19%

FSC includes a Theory of Change that outlines improving the economic and social management of forests, listing wages and workers’ well-being as key objectives. Included in the certification criteria are requirements for committing to improving farmer incomes towards a living income and purchasing local goods and services of equal price and quality.

58%

FSC requires producers to respect legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples and adhere to UNDRIP; engage with affected Indigenous groups in the communities’ native language or an understandable format; assess compliance with customary land rights and Indigenous peoples’ consent; recommend training on Indigenous rights and land tenure; engage directly with Indigenous rightsholders; offer secure channels for grievances and access to remedy; identify and address risks to Indigenous land rights; provide guidance on culturally sensitive engagement; and involve Indigenous experts.

33%

FSC requires adherence to legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law. Additionally, FSC assurance protocols require engagement with stakeholders in governance, standard setting, and audits, as well as providing secure channels for local communities and civil society organizations to effectively raise grievances and concerns and access remedies.

13%

FSC requires producers to participate in community consultation to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts, as well as disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the business operation. However, disclosure does not have to be direct.

0%

There is no evidence that FSC has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that FSC has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

27%

FSC requires producers to establish a system to address grievances in the worker’s native language and comprehensible format; take part in the remediation of significant risks; enable anonymous complaint submission by workers; involve workers’ unions; establish a clear procedure and assign responsibility for handling and addressing grievances; ensure grievance mechanisms are connected to a verified remedy process; engage workers in the grievance mechanism; and adopt a gender-sensitive approach to handling grievances.

13%

FSC requires commitments to preventing and addressing discrimination based on sex within the workplace. Producers are required to provide a workplace free from discrimination, with equal protection; respect and promote equality and human rights, including non-discrimination and equal rights for men and women; and prevent violence and discrimination against Indigenous women and children.

89%

75%

FSC has published a strategy document outlining a vision for 2050, long-term outcomes, a results framework, and strategies with sub-goals. The organization’s mission is mentioned in the standard, along with the objective of the criteria. While the vision and strategy have time-bound elements, the concrete goals are qualitative and lack measurable indicators. Accountability is maintained through annual progress reporting to the membership by the secretariat and board.

100%

The standard has a development and revision procedure. A version control outlining changes is included. The document distinguishes between three types of revision processes: major, regular, and accelerated. Public consultations are announced on the FSC website, while focused consultations invite stakeholders to provide input. Before developing new requirements, an initial analysis is conducted, including assessing the need for normative regulation and recommending key intended outcomes.

50%

FSC has a Board of Directors overseeing activities for four years, and an International Secretariat executing the Global Strategy. Impartiality policies are mentioned on the website, but they are not publicly available. Roles and responsibilities are not clearly distinguished for Secretariat members. FSC offers membership in environmental, social, and economic chambers for contributing to responsible forestry.

100%

FSC requires an unbroken chain of certified organizations for products to be claimed as FSC certified. Chain of Custody certification is mandatory in the supply chain. FSC provides guidance on correct trademark use and can suspend or terminate permission for misuse. The FSC labels include FSC 100%, FSC Recycled, and FSC Mix, mix allows a minimum of 70% certified inputs. There are guidelines for allowed claims, and the trademark use document specifies approved outcome- and content-based claims.

100%

FSC works with independent Certification Bodies and an Accreditation Body (ASI), and has documented their assurance oversight procedures. The Certification Body procedure outlines expected tasks and annual surveillance evaluations for FSC clients. The document for Certification Bodies provides roles, responsibilities, and application processes for the Accreditation Body. There are guidance documents on assessing conformity, interpretations of the normative framework, and complaints handling.

100%

The Certification Body procedure includes sections on conducting conformity assessments, defining minor and major nonconformities, and suspending and withdrawing certification. There is a motivation mechanism in place for reducing the frequency of audits for certified organizations with a history of no nonconformities, as well as for Certification Bodies to publish evaluation reports with audit findings to demonstrate accuracy.

75%

The Certification Body procedure states that FSC and ASI can request higher surveillance frequencies for challenging or high-risk geographical areas or certification services. FSC has a risk management plan, including the Policy for Association, to protect its credibility and reputation. Risk assessments and control measures have been published for various countries and categories of risk, but no quantification of the risks is provided.

100%

FSC provides an easily accessible webpage for submitting complaints and feedback, with explicit instructions for doing so. They have a procedure for processing complaints in the certification scheme. FSC also has a consultation platform for gathering feedback on a wide variety of topics and normative documents, ensuring stakeholder input is considered and addressed.

100%

The FSC M&E Framework tracks progress against the FSC Global Strategy 2021-2026. It consists of 3 strategies with goals aligned with the FSC 2026 Objective and 2050 Vision. Stakeholder categories for the M&E system are revised annually. The FSC introduced digital audit reporting in 2022, and clarifies who will get access to aggregated data to run reports. Outcome-level evaluation analyses are published

0%

0%

The main risks associated with emissions at this stage relate to energy source, use, and efficiency. Compared to other MMCFs, lyocell has fewer production steps and, as such, consumes less energy. The type of energy source used and how efficient production processes are largely depend on individual producer decisions. As a result, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Lyocell has fewer production steps and, in turn, consumes less energy in comparison to other MMCFs. The type of energy source used and how efficient production processes are, however, largely depend on individual producers.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

39%

Lyocell with no standard system is 39% less GHG-intensive than Acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

59%

Lyocell with no standard system uses 59% fewer fossil fuel resources than Acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

Lyocell is known to have a lower water footprint in comparison to other MMCFs. The main risks associated with water in pulping/fiber production are water used for cooling (around 90% of total usage) and water used for processing (around 10% of total usage). Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

For lyocell, the majority (90%) of water usage is directed at cooling the machinery used in pulping/fiber production. This allows for a water footprint that is smaller than other MMCFs. Additionally, the water used for cooling can be reused, but such decisions are up to individual producers.

0%

The manufacturing of lyocell relies on a closed-loop chemical process, using a less-toxic solvent to extract the cellulose from the wood pulp. This solvent is almost entirely reclaimed, filtered, and reused, therefore the risk of chemical discharge is minimal. Further controls are at the discretion of the manufacturer. 

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

Given that lyocell is derived from cellulose in eucalyptus, beech, and spruce—all renewable feedstocks—there is evidence that the majority of feedstock for lyocell is from renewable sources by construction, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

89%

Lyocell with no standard system causes 89% less water scarcity than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

79%

Lyocell with no standard system uses 79% less water than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

39%

The eutrophication potential of lyocell with no standard system is 39% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

10%

25%

The main chemical risks associated with lyocell are at the pulp and fiber production stages. The manufacturing of lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process, using a less-toxic solvent to extract the cellulose from the wood pulp. This solvent is almost entirely reclaimed, filtered, and reused; therefore, the risk of chemical discharge is minimal. There are, however, also risks (depending on the producer) with the final wet-cut and dry-cut process, as hydrogen peroxide is used.

0%

Lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process where nearly all of the solvent is reclaimed, filtered, and reused. Beyond this process, individual producer decisions determine what takes place for pulping/fiber production.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

Lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process where nearly all of the solvent is reclaimed, filtered, and reused. Beyond this process, individual producer decisions determine what takes place for pulping/fiber production.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Lyocell with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than viscose with no standard system and acetate with no standard system. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

31%

33%

0%

13%

13%

13%

0%

63%

25%

39%

59%

37%

25%

0%

0%

13%

13%

0%

13%

63%

89%

79%

39%

26%

44%

6%

25%

38%

20%

33%

74%

50%

50%

25%

33%

0%

100%

88%

100%

100%

100%

63%

75%

75%

23%

44%

31%

25%

13%

0%

25%

25%

20%

10%

0%

50%

7%

3%

8%

8%

9%

4%

4%

3%

15%

15%

13%

0%

4%

3%

79%

100%

58%

75%

100%

100%

83%

25%

100%

69%

14%

65%

PEFC encourages climate-positive actions under the forest management plan. As part of the management plan, these actions can be reviewed and updated for subsequent plans. However, no detail on the degree of required implementation or best practices is provided.

0%

PEFC requires the monitoring of air pollutants in the forest management plan—though it is unclear whether this is targeted at the air pollutants produced in the production process or ambient air quality.

25%

PEFC encourages actions that are aimed at reducing GHG emissions during production. However, there is no evidence demonstrating that decreased emissions are required under the forest management plan.

25%

PEFC requires producers to harvest in line with no net loss objectives, and maps ecologically important forest areas (above-ground carbon stocks).

25%

PEFC highlights that forests’ ability to prevent floods and erosion is protected and enhanced. Additionally, the protection of ecologically important forest ecosystems includes riparian areas.

0%

While the carbon-sequestering ability of forests is required to be identified and maintained, there is no evidence that this extends to below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils.

63%

PEFC requires protecting the forest’s capacity to sequester carbon. This includes the mapping of ecologically important forests. The program also includes steps to prevent deforestation and production on recently deforested land.

25%

PEFC requires producers to maintain the carbon sequestration capacity of forests and documents the carbon sequestration ability of the soil in separate research.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

12%

50%

PEFC outlines water management as a part of the forest management plan. The language in the certification is representative of more general considerations of water management but does incorporate mapping, regular review, and corresponding updates to the plan.

0%

PEFC requires monitoring for forest health values. However, water withdrawal monitoring is not evidenced to be a part of this process.

0%

PEFC requires monitoring for forest health values. However, it is not evident that water quality monitoring is part of this process.

25%

PEFC names water quantity as an outcome for forests with water protection functions, but water quantity does not seem to be explicitly monitored. Therefore, the extent of ambition beyond the statement is unclear.

25%

PEFC names water quality as an outcome for forests with water protection functions, but water quality does not seem to be explicitly monitored. Therefore, the extent of ambition beyond the statement is unclear.

0%

PEFC does not specify bodies of water in which to prioritize outcomes of water withdrawal.

25%

PEFC outlines considerations for surface water contamination in response to infrastructure construction.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

22%

63%

PEFC requires an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system in forest management plans. While IPMs address biodiversity concerns, they are also used for the reduction of pesticide use in the management unit. The management plan is reviewed regularly and with stakeholders, considering future impacts along with management goals.

13%

PEFC requires producers to store, label, separate, and dispose of chemicals in line with the ILO Code of Good Practice. Persons handling chemicals have received appropriate training and protective equipment.

50%

PEFC requires compliance with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b. Exceptions can exist where substitutes are not viable, thus risks of highly hazardous pesticide use remain.

50%

Since an integrated pest management plan is implemented for the reduction of pesticide/chemical use and reviewed with the management plan on a continual basis, it can be inferred that PEFC maintains a continuous improvement outlook on chemical use.

40%

PEFC implements a restricted chemistry list aligning with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b and Stockholm Convention.

Not in scope.

74%

50%

Soil health is required to be maintained or enhanced under PEFC forest management. Verification of this takes place regularly, and the results are incorporated into subsequent plans.

50%

PEFC requires soil health mapping to identify soils at risk of erosion on the production unit.

25%

Soil health is named as a targeted outcome related to harvesting practices. The language is representative of a more general—rather than site-specific—concern for soil health, but requires that forest management practices occur in a way that does not harm soil quality.

33%

PEFC outlines soil structural health and carbon cycles as priority objectives in forest production.

0%

There is no evidence put forth to show that beneficial soil health practices are employed in a PEFC-certified forest.

100%

PEFC requires producers to implement measures that demonstrate adaptive, site-attuned, and regularly reviewed land management plans.

88%

PEFC names land use as a priority outcome in prohibiting conversion either to or from forests, and mandates that continuous training be provided on forestry techniques and forest management.

100%

PEFC demonstrates commitment to the prevention of deforestation through improved management practices, with a cut-off date of 2010 and continual training in forest management best practice.

100%

PEFC demonstrates commitment to the prevention of land conversion through improved management practices, with a cut-off date of 2010 and continual training in forest management best practice.

100%

PEFC requires a regionally specific, regularly updated management plan that is collaborated on with relevant stakeholders. It is representative of future impacts to forests as a result of intended management operations.

63%

PEFC has a comprehensive forest monitoring plan that incorporates results on the state and pressures of forest health into the management plan.

75%

PEFC requires continuous improvement to forest health under the management plan, and that no land be converted for production operations.

75%

PEFC outlines that forest loss or conversion cannot take place during production or harvesting, as well as outlining the use of harvesting techniques to minimize impacts to surrounding forest resources, and requires no harvesting of old or rare trees on the production site.

46%

88%

Biodiversity is a focal point of a PEFC-compliant forest management plan, which requires management planning to be inclusive of maintaining and/or enhancing ecosystem and species diversity. The management plan is reviewed regularly and with stakeholders, considering future impacts along with management goals.

63%

PEFC requires periodic monitoring on the state of biodiversity on the production unit. Results of this monitoring are used to update the management plan.

50%

PEFC requires the continual maintenance, conservation, and/or enhancement of several biodiversity features on management units: ecosystem, species, and genetic diversity.

25%

PEFC outlines requirements to maintain and/or improve habitat corridors.

0%

PEFC requires producers to set aside ecologically important forest areas—though percentage figures or thresholds for the minimum amount of land required to be set aside is unclear.

50%

PEFC prohibits the hunting or fishing of threatened and endangered species, requires that pesticides with persistent impacts outside of their intended purposes are banned, and aims to maintain migration corridors.

50%

PEFC outlines general principles, more aligned with avoiding the introduction of invasive species to the production unit than their active mitigation.

23%

20%

PEFC communicates that non-organic waste on the production site be removed and disposed of. There is no evidence to suggest that this is part of a larger effort to reduce waste in production processes.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that waste streams are separated and/or organized for the purpose of reuse.

50%

Forests are a 100% biobased feedstock, though PEFC does not include any commitments to the incorporation of recycled feedstocks in production

14%

6%

PEFC requires producers to ensure the statutory minimum wage or collectively bargained wage (whichever is higher) is paid to all hired workers and that working hours and leave comply with national laws or applicable collective agreements. Moreover, PEFC requires steps to be taken to increase wages toward a living wage in addition to increases for inflation.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105 for the elimination of forced or compulsory labor. However, there is no evidence that requirements include provisions aimed at preventing specific forced labor risks relevant to the target sector. Additionally, PEFC does not require that external verifiers and other actors involved in monitoring forced labor risks receive dedicated training on sensitization and detecting forced labor.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 138 and 182 for the effective abolition of child labor. However, PEFC does not require that a remediation policy or plan specifically targeted at child labor is provided, or that external verifiers receive dedicated training on sensitization and detecting child labor.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Convention 111 to prevent and address discrimination and ILO Convention 100 to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value. There are also requirements for gender equality to be promoted, especially in the context of equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and workplace harassment as well as the requirement for monitoring, as a part of forest management, for social impacts of these practices.

8%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to freedom of association. In particular, PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 87 and 98 to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining.

7%

PEFC requires that forest operations shall be planned, organized, and performed in a manner that enables health and accident risks to be identified and reasonable measures to be applied to protect workers. Workers shall also be informed about the risks involved in their work and preventive measures, in addition to being assured that working conditions will be safe and guidance and training in safe working practices will be provided. In line with the ILO Code of Good Practice, PEFC requires an OHS responsible party, OHS safety training as it concerns forestry, and verification contingent on a review of the OHS system.

6%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to livelihoods. In particular, PEFC requires producers to commit to improving farmer incomes towards a living income.

29%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, PEFC requires certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), and engage with all Indigenous groups affected by business operations. In addition, PEFC requires producers to assess whether customary land rights or Indigenous peoples’ rights to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) have been respected.

30%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to land rights. In particular, PEFC requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law, as well as verification of the legality and effective implementation of laws related to land and water acquisition and respect for land and water rights.

25%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, PEFC requires that participatory consultation take place within local communities to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts. PEFC also requires certified producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the business operation.

0%

There is no evidence that PEFC has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

7%

PEFC requires producers to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations. In addition, PEFC requires certified producers to provide or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism.

6%

There is evidence that PEFC has a requirement in place to promote a commitment to equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and freedom from workplace harassment. Underpinning this is the requirement that gender equality should be promoted throughout. However, there are no explicit requirements for certified producers to take steps to address the risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

79%

100%

The organization released a 2030 strategy document detailing sustainability goals and plans to achieve them. The document includes measurable and time-bound targets, such as a 15% increase in PEFC-certified area by 2030. Two strategic pathways focus on improving communication and engagement to maximize awareness of the certification strategy.

58%

The organization has a document explaining the process for standardization bodies developing, reviewing, and revising standards endorsed by PEFC. All standards undergo review and revision every five years. However, procedures for urgent changes to the international standard are not explicitly mentioned for the international standard itself. The standard development process includes public consultations. It is not mentioned what research has gone into the standard development process.

75%

PEFC’s governance structure includes the Board and General Assembly (providing strategic direction and electing the Board). The website outlines various roles and responsibilities within the management team. Membership is open to companies, organizations, and associations with shared principles, granting them voting rights in the General Assembly and the opportunity to join working groups and committees.

100%

The organization has various documents and policies focused on claims management, also covering its different chains of custody models. Claims must align with one of the three models, and one of them requires the client organization to calculate the percentage of certified content. It has procedures and potential consequences for not adhering to logo usage rules, including financial penalties and license cancellation. Claims are solely based on content, for which guidelines are provided.

100%

PEFC’s website explains their assurance oversight approach, which involves collaborating with independent certification bodies (CBs) and accreditation bodies. The document describes the roles and responsibilities of both CBs and accreditation bodies. CBs conduct annual visits to certificate holders to ensure ongoing compliance with the standards. CBs are required to undergo initial PEFC-recognized training and periodic refresher trainings to conduct audits effectively.

83%

Procedures exist to address major and minor non-conformities. Certified organizations are given three months to complete corrective actions for major non-conformities found during audits. In case no non-conformities were identified during an on-site audit, less stringent audit techniques like documentation and records review may be used as alternatives. There are no motivation mechanisms for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

25%

Certification bodies are required to determine their auditing sample on the basis of a risk analysis. The organization provides only a general overview of threats to forests and the industry. It does not have a risk management plan on how to identify and manage risks to the sector and organization, a risk map or overview to help certified organizations and assurance actors identify main current sector risks, or explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks.

100%

There is a webpage for complaints and appeals, providing an email address and clear instructions. The contact page can be utilized for continuous feedback. The complaints and appeals webpage as well as a complaints management procedure clarify responsibilities for handling different types of inputs. PEFC holds public consultations not only for revisions of the standard, but also of other procedures such as Certification Body requirements.

69%

PEFC’s strategy document serves as the guide for the organization’s monitoring and evaluation system. Annual Reviews report on system outputs defined in the M&E framework. The organization monitors and reviews its key performance indicators annually, which are derived from the objectives outlined in the strategy document. These indicators form the foundation of the organization’s M&E framework. There is no data communication policy or procedure.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with emissions at this stage relate to energy source, use, and efficiency. Compared to other MMCFs, lyocell has fewer production steps and, as such, consumes less energy. The type of energy source used and how efficient production processes are largely depend on individual producer decisions. As a result, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Lyocell has fewer production steps and, in turn, consumes less energy in comparison to other MMCFs. The type of energy source used and how efficient production processes are, however, largely depend on individual producers.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

39%

Lyocell with no standard system is 39% less GHG-intensive than Acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

59%

Lyocell with no standard system uses 59% fewer fossil fuel resources than Acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

Lyocell is known to have a lower water footprint in comparison to other MMCFs. The main risks associated with water in pulping/fiber production are water used for cooling (around 90% of total usage) and water used for processing (around 10% of total usage). Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

For lyocell, the majority (90%) of water usage is directed at cooling the machinery used in pulping/fiber production. This allows for a water footprint that is smaller than other MMCFs. Additionally, the water used for cooling can be reused, but such decisions are up to individual producers.

0%

The manufacturing of lyocell relies on a closed-loop chemical process, using a less-toxic solvent to extract the cellulose from the wood pulp. This solvent is almost entirely reclaimed, filtered, and reused, therefore the risk of chemical discharge is minimal. Further controls are at the discretion of the manufacturer. 

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

Given that lyocell is derived from cellulose in eucalyptus, beech, and spruce—all renewable feedstocks—there is evidence that the majority of feedstock for lyocell is from renewable sources by construction, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

89%

Lyocell with no standard system causes 89% less water scarcity than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

79%

Lyocell with no standard system uses 79% less water than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

39%

The eutrophication potential of lyocell with no standard system is 39% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

10%

25%

The main chemical risks associated with lyocell are at the pulp and fiber production stages. The manufacturing of lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process, using a less-toxic solvent to extract the cellulose from the wood pulp. This solvent is almost entirely reclaimed, filtered, and reused; therefore, the risk of chemical discharge is minimal. There are, however, also risks (depending on the producer) with the final wet-cut and dry-cut process, as hydrogen peroxide is used.

0%

Lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process where nearly all of the solvent is reclaimed, filtered, and reused. Beyond this process, individual producer decisions determine what takes place for pulping/fiber production.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

Lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process where nearly all of the solvent is reclaimed, filtered, and reused. Beyond this process, individual producer decisions determine what takes place for pulping/fiber production.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Lyocell with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than viscose with no standard system and acetate with no standard system. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

20%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

39%

59%

33%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

63%

89%

79%

39%

10%

13%

0%

0%

13%

0%

33%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

17%

0%

0%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Forest feedstocks for MMCFs are a source of emission risks, namely deforestation. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or training and financial support are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate resiliency, adaptation, or financial support practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the protection of below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that above-ground carbon stocks are not improved and protected with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main feedstock for manmade cellulosic fibers is pulp derived from wood. The degree to which carbon remains sequestered depends on soil type, responsible harvesting techniques, and reforestation practices, none of which are controlled where there is no standard system in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

4%

0%

The majority of water use—and, in turn, water risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. There are, however, some risks at the forestry level if pesticides or fertilizers are used. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water risk management plan is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The majority of chemical use—and, in turn, chemical risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. Fertilizers are regularly used on tree plantations (not natural forests) and pesticides are used sporadically. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical management plan for procedures is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics for chemistry are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with soil health are connected to fertilizer/pesticide application. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics are not utilized for soil health outcomes, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that any beneficial soil health practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

The main risks associated with land use are deforestation and land conversion resulting from improper logging/harvesting, as well as the application of pesticides/fertilizers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to deforestation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to land conversion, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main risks associated with forestry are the introduction of non-indigenous trees, forest/plantation logging, monoculture growth, pesticide/fertilizer application, and maintenance and management practices that may have adverse impacts on local ecosystems, water quality, deforestation changes, and local communities. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest management techniques are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest monitoring is not utilized to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

There are sporadic commitments to limit or eliminate the harvesting of ancient or endangered forests, but where there is no standard system, it is assumed that these commitments are not standard or aligned with a widely accepted accounting methodology.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not implemented to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a waste reduction plan is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that is not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. While some programs may practice recycling or take part in monitoring reuse and recycling, this is not standard across the board.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

The main risks associated with emissions at this stage relate to energy source, use, and efficiency. Compared to other MMCFs, lyocell has fewer production steps and, as such, consumes less energy. The type of energy source used and how efficient production processes are largely depend on individual producer decisions. As a result, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Lyocell has fewer production steps and, in turn, consumes less energy in comparison to other MMCFs. The type of energy source used and how efficient production processes are, however, largely depend on individual producers.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

39%

Lyocell with no standard system is 39% less GHG-intensive than Acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

59%

Lyocell with no standard system uses 59% fewer fossil fuel resources than Acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

Lyocell is known to have a lower water footprint in comparison to other MMCFs. The main risks associated with water in pulping/fiber production are water used for cooling (around 90% of total usage) and water used for processing (around 10% of total usage). Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

For lyocell, the majority (90%) of water usage is directed at cooling the machinery used in pulping/fiber production. This allows for water footprint that is smaller than other MMCFs. Additionally, the water used for cooling can be reused, but such decisions are up to individual producers.

0%

The manufacturing of lyocell relies on a closed-loop chemical process, using a less-toxic solvent to extract the cellulose from the wood pulp. This solvent is almost entirely reclaimed, filtered, and reused, therefore the risk of chemical discharge is minimal. Further controls are at the discretion of the manufacturer. 

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

Given that lyocell is derived from cellulose in eucalyptus, beech, and spruce—all renewable feedstocks—there is evidence that the majority of feedstock for lyocell is from renewable sources by construction, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

89%

Lyocell with no standard system causes 89% less water scarcity than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

79%

Lyocell with no standard system uses 79% less water than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

39%

The eutrophication potential of lyocell with no standard system is 39% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

10%

25%

The main chemical risks associated with lyocell are at the pulp and fiber production stages. The manufacturing of lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process, using a less-toxic solvent to extract the cellulose from the wood pulp. This solvent is almost entirely reclaimed, filtered, and reused; therefore, the risk of chemical discharge is minimal. There are, however, also risks (depending on the producer) with the final wet-cut and dry-cut process, as hydrogen peroxide is used.

0%

Lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process where nearly all of the solvent is reclaimed, filtered, and reused. Beyond this process, individual producer decisions determine what takes place for pulping/fiber production.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

Lyocell relies on a nearly closed-loop chemical process where nearly all of the solvent is reclaimed, filtered, and reused. Beyond this process, individual producer decisions determine what takes place for pulping/fiber production.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Lyocell with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than viscose with no standard system and acetate with no standard system. Lyocell with a forestry certification defaults to impacts with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

14%

23%

0%

0%

13%

13%

0%

50%

25%

11%

32%

38%

50%

0%

31%

0%

25%

0%

38%

63%

88%

76%

14%

23%

31%

13%

25%

25%

20%

33%

84%

100%

63%

75%

50%

17%

100%

88%

88%

100%

100%

100%

88%

75%

38%

50%

31%

38%

38%

38%

33%

38%

21%

13%

0%

50%

11%

6%

10%

10%

11%

9%

16%

10%

29%

16%

6%

0%

13%

6%

89%

75%

100%

50%

100%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

11%

45%

FSC requires producers to include climate change as a factor in management plans and procedures. In addition, environmental assessments will include opportunities for climate change adaptation and notices for vulnerability.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that FSC implements an emission monitoring plan, or outlines emission monitoring as a key part of the forest management plan.

0%

Emission reductions are not named as a prioritized outcome in the FSC certification. There is no evidence that emission management or monitoring takes place.

25%

FSC requires producers to implement the lower-carbon procedures of leaving woody debris as crop residue and above-ground carbon stock monitoring.

25%

FSC requires producers to use forest/vegetation as wind breaks and maintain green zones on the production unit.

0%

FSC producers need to identify and maintain important features in the production unit. However, peat soils and below-ground carbon stocks are not specifically mentioned in the certification, therefore risks to their identification and protection remain.

50%

FSC mandates the monitoring and protection of HCV forests—or those deemed to have a high conservation value. HCVs are classified not necessarily due to their carbon values alone, but also other key metrics such as rarity and species facilitated by said areas.

25%

FSC requires producers to be aware of soil degradation and uses indicators such as structure, fertility, and biological activity to confirm compliance. No specific evidence of soil carbon sequestration is present in FSC.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

22%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of water risk management: identifying and protecting water resources in production zones. As it’s part of the FSC management plan, it is shown to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, considerate of future risks to water health, and regularly reviewed and subsequently adapted.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal considerations or priorities are outlined in the FSC certification. Monitoring of contamination and quality takes place, but it is unclear if withdrawal monitoring occurs on the forest management unit.

63%

The quality of water bodies and resources in the forest management unit is outlined in criteria under the FSC certification and backed by regular monitoring of water quality, with the results being incorporated into future management procedures.

0%

There is no evidence of water withdrawal considerations or priorities in the FSC certification.

50%

FSC requires the protection and restoration of water bodies, in terms of their quality, in the forest management unit. These sources are to be maintained or restored to a more potable state.

0%

Multiple sources of water are required to be protected or enhanced under FSC: surface, ground, and municipal. Language in the certification aligns more with considerations of contamination than withdrawal, though “enhancing” these resources could also imply considerations of water level and amount.

75%

FSC outlines surface, ground, and municipal water as sources to protect and maintain. For these sources, the program more clearly outlines considerations of water quality than withdrawal.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

23%

63%

A chemical management plan is not required on its own under the FSC certification. However, chemical management must be a part of the overall forest management plan if chemicals are used in production. This component, like other facets of the forest management plan, is subject to regular updates and reviews and outlines site-specific hazards and practices to avoid/reduce those hazards.

25%

FSC mandates that chemicals are handled appropriately, which includes being stored and separated from riparian and other ecological zones. The FSC list of prohibited highly hazardous pesticides aligns with the Stockholm Convention, Rotterdam Convention, and Montreal Protocol. In addition, FSC requires producers to demonstrate allocated personnel for chemical management, ensure training is carried out for all workers, keep records of training, and ensure that an annual review of the pesticide policy is in place, with continuous improvement.

50%

FSC mandates the adoption of an input chemical ban aligning with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, as well as any international pesticide agreement. It also requires the results from monitoring to be used in adaptive management.

50%

FSC requires that chemical management be documented and reviewed for efficacy with the forest management plan, reflecting the opportunity to demonstrate continuous improvement of chemical management outcomes.

40%

FSC has a comprehensive chemical strategy, as shown by highlighting input chemistry bans to follow, as well as discharge/contamination of waterways.

Not in scope.

84%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of soil health management, such as the identification and protection of soil resources. As it’s part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to soil health, regular review, and subsequent adaptation.

63%

As soil structure, fertility, and biological activity represent areas to maintain or enhance, monitoring the state of the soil needs to take place. These results are incorporated into the management plan and the actions are reviewed for effectiveness.

75%

FSC outlines continuous improvement areas for soil health in structure and nutrient cycling, especially for plantations. It also requires research to determine whether soil productivity will be harmed by harvesting; harvesting is contingent on these results.

50%

Soil structural health, nutrient cycling, and microbial health are to be maintained or enhanced in plantation forests.

17%

FSC supports leaving behind ‘woody debris’ from harvesting to improve soil structure and nutrient cycling.

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of land management planning, such as no conversion of forest to plantations or other forms of cultivated land unless it is evidenced to be conducive to further conservation. Since it is part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to biodiversity, and regular review and subsequent adaptation.

88%

FSC prioritizes land health outcomes in the requirement that no gross deforestation or land conversion will take place after the year 2020 and is contingent on remediation actions.

88%

FSC requires increased protections against deforestation, with a cut-off date aligning with industry standards of 2020, and a requirement on no gross deforestation.

100%

FSC requires increased protections against land conversion – with a cut-off date aligning to industry standards of 2020, and a requirement on no gross land conversion of any kind.

100%

FSC outlines mandatory criteria for forest management plans that are site-specific, such as considering local plant and animal species, as well as tree and ecosystem type. These plans are inclusive of collaboration with other stakeholders and are reviewed on a regular basis to incorporate ongoing monitoring results. The management plans consider future risks to forests due to management practices.

100%

Under FSC, forest monitoring is used to help guide management actions. Forest monitoring is annual, and the results are used to update management processes.

88%

FSC requires producers to keep forests healthy and diverse – program requires producers to identify, protect and restore areas of forest where successional stages are underrepresented. This is to keep diversity of each level of forest growth present in the management unit.

75%

FSC requires that special forest types are protected on the forest management unit, and that harvesting practices are designed to be minimally impactful to the surrounding environment. It also requires that forests are not converted unless under special circumstances, and provides requirements on best practice when even-aged silviculture is used, but does not mandate the use of uneven-aged harvesting practices where applicable.

76%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of biodiversity management planning such as identifying and protecting threatened and endangered animal species, plant species, wildlife habitats and high conservation value forests. As this is part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to biodiversity, and regular review and subsequent adaptation.

63%

FSC monitors the state of biodiversity on the production unit in the form of threatened species and ecosystem identification. The results are incorporated into management actions that are then tested against.

75%

FSC demonstrates an ambitious biodiversity strategy in naming continuous improvement points for key biodiversity figures: identification of protected areas and species. It also requires the documentation of potential impacts before starting production in a given area.

75%

FSC monitors the conditions of riparian zones and buffer zones, as well as the impacts of transport on migration corridors.

75%

FSC requires that managers protect and restore plantation land to natural forest cover. The allocation of land necessary for certification is dependent on plantation size; the larger the plantation, the larger the percentage of land to be set aside.

67%

FSC outlines considerations for the identification and prohibition of hunting threatened species on the production unit, implements a chemical ban to restrict the use of the most harmful chemicals that might affect species outside of those targeted, and works to minimize disturbances to migration corridors.

75%

FSC requires management plans to have specific considerations for dealing with invasive species, such as identifying and implementing processes to minimize risk of spread and, if possible, risk of eradicating established populations. The program also prioritizes using non-chemical control measures.

25%

25%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. FSC has criteria in place for strategies to minimize waste at the harvesting stage—but does leave room for leaving organic matter to maintain soil health and ideal growing conditions.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that are not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. There is no evidence to suggest that FSC requires producers to maximize the value of waste and, as such, these risks are not addressed at scale at the forestry level.

50%

Forests are a 100% biobased feedstock, though FSC certification does not include any commitments to the incorporation of recycled feedstocks in production.

22%

11%

FSC requires producers to provide workers with fair wages that meet or exceed minimum forest industry standards or other recognized industry wage agreements or living wages, where these are higher than the legal minimum wages. Additionally, shelters and sanitation units are to be built on-site. While a limit of 48 working hours per week is not referenced, FSC requires producers to comply with national limits.

20%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to prevent and eliminate all forms of forced or compulsory labor. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

20%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to effectively abolish child labor. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

22%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to address and prevent sexual harassment and discrimination on grounds such as marital status, gender, sexual orientation, or parenthood. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

18%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998), specifically ILO Conventions 87 and 98, to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. Additionally, verifiers must engage with labor unions and/or representatives during the certification process. Secure channels to raise grievances and seek remedy are to be provided by management as well.

32%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry Work, as well as applicable laws and regulations, to ensure a safe and healthy working environment. In addition, there is a requirement for PPE to be supplied to all workers who are at risk of exposure. Health and safety training is provided and specified to the forestry industry—with provisions on the use of machinery and chemicals, to name a few.

19%

FSC includes a Theory of Change that outlines improving the economic and social management of forests, listing wages and workers’ well-being as key objectives. Included in the certification criteria are requirements for committing to improving farmer incomes towards a living income and purchasing local goods and services of equal price and quality.

58%

FSC requires producers to respect legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples and adhere to UNDRIP; engage with affected Indigenous groups in the communities’ native language or an understandable format; assess compliance with customary land rights and Indigenous peoples’ consent; recommend training on Indigenous rights and land tenure; engage directly with Indigenous rightsholders; offer secure channels for grievances and access to remedy; identify and address risks to Indigenous land rights; provide guidance on culturally sensitive engagement; and involve Indigenous experts.

33%

FSC requires adherence to legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law. Additionally, FSC assurance protocols require engagement with stakeholders in governance, standard setting, and audits, as well as providing secure channels for local communities and civil society organizations to effectively raise grievances and concerns and access remedies.

13%

FSC requires producers to participate in community consultation to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts, as well as disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the business operation. However, disclosure does not have to be direct.

0%

There is no evidence that FSC has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that FSC has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

27%

FSC requires producers to establish a system to address grievances in the worker’s native language and comprehensible format; take part in the remediation of significant risks; enable anonymous complaint submission by workers; involve workers’ unions; establish a clear procedure and assign responsibility for handling and addressing grievances; ensure grievance mechanisms are connected to a verified remedy process; engage workers in the grievance mechanism; and adopt a gender-sensitive approach to handling grievances.

13%

FSC requires commitments to preventing and addressing discrimination based on sex within the workplace. Producers are required to provide a workplace free from discrimination, with equal protection; respect and promote equality and human rights, including non-discrimination and equal rights for men and women; and prevent violence and discrimination against Indigenous women and children.

89%

75%

FSC has published a strategy document outlining a vision for 2050, long-term outcomes, a results framework, and strategies with sub-goals. The organization’s mission is mentioned in the standard, along with the objective of the criteria. While the vision and strategy have time-bound elements, the concrete goals are qualitative and lack measurable indicators. Accountability is maintained through annual progress reporting to the membership by the secretariat and board.

100%

The standard has a development and revision procedure. A version control outlining changes is included. The document distinguishes between three types of revision processes: major, regular, and accelerated. Public consultations are announced on the FSC website, while focused consultations invite stakeholders to provide input. Before developing new requirements, an initial analysis is conducted, including assessing the need for normative regulation and recommending key intended outcomes.

50%

FSC has a Board of Directors overseeing activities for four years, and an International Secretariat executing the Global Strategy. Impartiality policies are mentioned on the website, but they are not publicly available. Roles and responsibilities are not clearly distinguished for Secretariat members. FSC offers membership in environmental, social, and economic chambers for contributing to responsible forestry.

100%

FSC requires an unbroken chain of certified organizations for products to be claimed as FSC certified. Chain of Custody certification is mandatory in the supply chain. FSC provides guidance on correct trademark use and can suspend or terminate permission for misuse. The FSC labels include FSC 100%, FSC Recycled, and FSC Mix, mix allows a minimum of 70% certified inputs. There are guidelines for allowed claims, and the trademark use document specifies approved outcome- and content-based claims.

100%

FSC works with independent Certification Bodies and an Accreditation Body (ASI), and has documented their assurance oversight procedures. The Certification Body procedure outlines expected tasks and annual surveillance evaluations for FSC clients. The document for Certification Bodies provides roles, responsibilities, and application processes for the Accreditation Body. There are guidance documents on assessing conformity, interpretations of the normative framework, and complaints handling.

100%

The Certification Body procedure includes sections on conducting conformity assessments, defining minor and major nonconformities, and suspending and withdrawing certification. There is a motivation mechanism in place for reducing the frequency of audits for certified organizations with a history of no nonconformities, as well as for Certification Bodies to publish evaluation reports with audit findings to demonstrate accuracy.

75%

The Certification Body procedure states that FSC and ASI can request higher surveillance frequencies for challenging or high-risk geographical areas or certification services. FSC has a risk management plan, including the Policy for Association, to protect its credibility and reputation. Risk assessments and control measures have been published for various countries and categories of risk, but no quantification of the risks is provided.

100%

FSC provides an easily accessible webpage for submitting complaints and feedback, with explicit instructions for doing so. They have a procedure for processing complaints in the certification scheme. FSC also has a consultation platform for gathering feedback on a wide variety of topics and normative documents, ensuring stakeholder input is considered and addressed.

100%

The FSC M&E Framework tracks progress against the FSC Global Strategy 2021-2026. It consists of 3 strategies with goals aligned with the FSC 2026 Objective and 2050 Vision. Stakeholder categories for the M&E system are revised annually. The FSC introduced digital audit reporting in 2022, and clarifies who will get access to aggregated data to run reports. Outcome-level evaluation analyses are published

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

11%

Modal with no standard system is 11% less GHG-intensive than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

32%

Modal with no standard system uses 32% fewer fossil fuel resources than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

Modal uses a modified version of the viscose process and, as such, the majority of water risk comes from pulping/fiber production. The only difference from viscose is a modified spinning process, but other than this, the risks remain the same. Risks exist with chemical discharge resulting from poor chemical/waste management. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

For modal, the main feedstock is derived from wood pulp, which is renewable. The main waste that results from production is bark, which can also be reused. Thus, by construction, modal does source feedstock from renewable sources, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

88%

Modal with no standard system causes 88% less water scarcity than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

76%

Modal with no standard system uses 76% less water than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

14%

The eutrophication potential of modal with no standard system is 14% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

Similar to other MMCFs, the main chemical risks associated with modal are at the pulp and fiber production stages (the main difference being a modified spinning process). Chemicals used during this process (carbon disulfide in particular) pose risks to worker health and the environment through emissions and effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Modal with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than acetate with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

17%

33%

0%

13%

13%

13%

0%

63%

25%

11%

32%

33%

25%

0%

0%

13%

13%

0%

13%

63%

88%

76%

14%

22%

31%

6%

25%

25%

20%

33%

74%

50%

50%

25%

33%

0%

100%

88%

100%

100%

100%

63%

75%

75%

23%

44%

31%

25%

13%

0%

25%

25%

20%

10%

0%

50%

7%

3%

8%

8%

9%

4%

4%

3%

15%

15%

13%

0%

4%

3%

79%

100%

58%

75%

100%

100%

83%

25%

100%

69%

14%

65%

PEFC encourages climate-positive actions under the forest management plan. As part of the management plan, these actions can be reviewed and updated for subsequent plans. However, no detail on the degree of required implementation or best practices is provided.

0%

PEFC requires the monitoring of air pollutants in the forest management plan—though it is unclear whether this is targeted at the air pollutants produced in the production process or ambient air quality.

25%

PEFC encourages actions that are aimed at reducing GHG emissions during production. However, there is no evidence demonstrating that decreased emissions are required under the forest management plan.

25%

PEFC requires producers to harvest in line with no net loss objectives and maps ecologically important forest areas (above-ground carbon stocks).

25%

PEFC highlights that forests’ ability to prevent floods and erosion is protected and enhanced. Additionally, the protection of ecologically important forest ecosystems includes riparian areas.

0%

While the carbon-sequestering ability of forests is required to be identified and maintained, there is no evidence that this extends to below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils.

63%

PEFC requires protecting the forest’s capacity to sequester carbon. This includes the mapping of ecologically important forests. The program also includes steps to prevent deforestation and production on recently deforested land.

25%

PEFC requires producers to maintain the carbon sequestration capacity of forests and documents the carbon sequestration ability of the soil in separate research.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

12%

50%

PEFC outlines water management as a part of the forest management plan. The language in the certification is representative of more general considerations of water management but does incorporate mapping, regular review, and corresponding updates to the plan.

0%

PEFC requires monitoring for forest health values. However, water withdrawal monitoring is not evidenced to be a part of this process.

0%

PEFC requires monitoring for forest health values. However, it is not evident that water quality monitoring is part of this process.

25%

PEFC names water quantity as an outcome for forests with water protection functions, but water quantity does not seem to be explicitly monitored. Therefore, the extent of ambition beyond the statement is unclear.

25%

PEFC names water quality as an outcome for forests with water protection functions, but water quality does not seem to be explicitly monitored. Therefore, the extent of ambition beyond the statement is unclear.

0%

PEFC does not specify bodies of water in which to prioritize outcomes of water withdrawal.

25%

PEFC outlines considerations for surface water contamination in response to infrastructure construction.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

22%

63%

PEFC requires an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system in forest management plans. While IPMs address biodiversity concerns, they are also used for the reduction of pesticide use in the management unit. The management plan is reviewed regularly and with stakeholders, considering future impacts along with management goals.

13%

PEFC requires producers to store, label, separate, and dispose of chemicals in line with the ILO Code of Good Practice. Persons handling chemicals have received appropriate training and protective equipment.

50%

PEFC requires compliance with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b. Exceptions can exist where substitutes are not viable, thus risks of highly hazardous pesticide use remain.

50%

Since an integrated pest management plan is implemented for the reduction of pesticide/chemical use and reviewed with the management plan on a continual basis, it can be inferred that PEFC maintains a continuous improvement outlook on chemical use.

40%

PEFC implements a restricted chemistry list aligning with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b and Stockholm Convention.

Not in scope.

74%

50%

Soil health is required to be maintained or enhanced under PEFC forest management. Verification of this takes place regularly, and the results are incorporated into subsequent plans.

50%

PEFC requires soil health mapping to identify soils at risk of erosion on the production unit.

25%

Soil health is named as a targeted outcome related to harvesting practices. The language is representative of a more general—rather than site-specific—concern for soil health, but requires that forest management practices occur in a way that does not harm soil quality.

33%

PEFC outlines soil structural health and carbon cycles as priority objectives in forest production.

0%

There is no evidence put forth to show that beneficial soil health practices are employed in a PEFC-certified forest.

100%

PEFC requires producers to implement measures that demonstrate adaptive, site-attuned, and regularly reviewed land management plans.

88%

PEFC names land use as a priority outcome in prohibiting conversion either to or from forests, and mandates that continuous training be provided on forestry techniques and forest management.

100%

PEFC demonstrates commitment to the prevention of deforestation through improved management practices, with a cut-off date of 2010 and continual training in forest management best practice.

100%

PEFC demonstrates commitment to the prevention of land conversion through improved management practices, with a cut-off date of 2010 and continual training in forest management best practice.

100%

PEFC requires a regionally specific, regularly updated management plan that is collaborated on with relevant stakeholders. It is representative of future impacts to forests as a result of intended management operations.

63%

PEFC has a comprehensive forest monitoring plan that incorporates results on the state and pressures of forest health into the management plan.

75%

PEFC requires continuous improvement to forest health under the management plan, and that no land be converted for production operations.

75%

PEFC outlines that forest loss or conversion cannot take place during production or harvesting, as well as outlining the use of harvesting techniques to minimize impacts to surrounding forest resources, and requires no harvesting of old or rare trees on the production site.

46%

88%

Biodiversity is a focal point of a PEFC-compliant forest management plan, which requires management planning to be inclusive of maintaining and/or enhancing ecosystem and species diversity. The management plan is reviewed regularly and with stakeholders, considering future impacts along with management goals.

63%

PEFC requires periodic monitoring on the state of biodiversity on the production unit. Results of this monitoring are used to update the management plan.

50%

PEFC requires the continual maintenance, conservation, and/or enhancement of several biodiversity features on management units: ecosystem, species, and genetic diversity.

25%

PEFC outlines requirements to maintain and/or improve habitat corridors.

0%

PEFC requires producers to set aside ecologically important forest areas—though percentage figures or thresholds for the minimum amount of land required to be set aside is unclear.

50%

PEFC prohibits the hunting or fishing of threatened and endangered species, requires that pesticides with persistent impacts outside of their intended purposes are banned, and aims to maintain migration corridors.

50%

PEFC outlines general principles, more aligned with avoiding the introduction of invasive species to the production unit than their active mitigation.

23%

20%

PEFC communicates that non-organic waste on the production site be removed and disposed of. There is no evidence to suggest that this is part of a larger effort to reduce waste in production processes.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that waste streams are separated and/or organized for the purpose of reuse.

50%

Forests are a 100% biobased feedstock, though PEFC does not include any commitments to the incorporation of recycled feedstocks in production

14%

6%

PEFC requires producers to ensure the statutory minimum wage or collectively bargained wage (whichever is higher) is paid to all hired workers and that working hours and leave comply with national laws or applicable collective agreements. Moreover, PEFC requires steps to be taken to increase wages toward a living wage in addition to increases for inflation.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105 for the elimination of forced or compulsory labor. However, there is no evidence that requirements include provisions aimed at preventing specific forced labor risks relevant to the target sector. Additionally, PEFC does not require that external verifiers and other actors involved in monitoring forced labor risks receive dedicated training on sensitization and detecting forced labor.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 138 and 182 for the effective abolition of child labor. However, PEFC does not require that a remediation policy or plan specifically targeted at child labor is provided, or that external verifiers receive dedicated training on sensitization and detecting child labor.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Convention 111 to prevent and address discrimination and ILO Convention 100 to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value. There are also requirements for gender equality to be promoted, especially in the context of equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and workplace harassment as well as the requirement for monitoring, as a part of forest management, for social impacts of these practices.

8%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to freedom of association. In particular, PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 87 and 98 to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining.

7%

PEFC requires that forest operations shall be planned, organized, and performed in a manner that enables health and accident risks to be identified and reasonable measures to be applied to protect workers. Workers shall also be informed about the risks involved in their work and preventive measures, in addition to being assured that working conditions will be safe and guidance and training in safe working practices will be provided. In line with the ILO Code of Good Practice, PEFC requires an OHS responsible party, OHS safety training as it concerns forestry, and verification contingent on a review of the OHS system.

6%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to livelihoods. In particular, PEFC requires producers to commit to improving farmer incomes towards a living income.

29%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, PEFC requires certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), and engage with all Indigenous groups affected by business operations. In addition, PEFC requires producers to assess whether customary land rights or Indigenous peoples’ rights to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) have been respected.

30%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to land rights. In particular, PEFC requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law, as well as verification of the legality and effective implementation of laws related to land and water acquisition and respect for land and water rights.

25%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, PEFC requires that participatory consultation take place within local communities to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts. PEFC also requires certified producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the business operation.

0%

There is no evidence that PEFC has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

7%

PEFC requires producers to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations. In addition, PEFC requires certified producers to provide or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism.

6%

There is evidence that PEFC has a requirement in place to promote a commitment to equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and freedom from workplace harassment. Underpinning this is the requirement that gender equality should be promoted throughout. However, there are no explicit requirements for certified producers to take steps to address the risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

79%

100%

The organization released a 2030 strategy document detailing sustainability goals and plans to achieve them. The document includes measurable and time-bound targets, such as a 15% increase in PEFC-certified area by 2030. Two strategic pathways focus on improving communication and engagement to maximize awareness of the certification strategy.

58%

The organization has a document explaining the process for standardization bodies developing, reviewing, and revising standards endorsed by PEFC. All standards undergo review and revision every five years. However, procedures for urgent changes to the international standard are not explicitly mentioned for the international standard itself. The standard development process includes public consultations. It is not mentioned what research has gone into the standard development process.

75%

PEFC’s governance structure includes the Board and General Assembly (providing strategic direction and electing the Board). The website outlines various roles and responsibilities within the management team. Membership is open to companies, organizations, and associations with shared principles, granting them voting rights in the General Assembly and the opportunity to join working groups and committees.

100%

The organization has various documents and policies focused on claims management, also covering its different chains of custody models. Claims must align with one of the three models, and one of them requires the client organization to calculate the percentage of certified content. It has procedures and potential consequences for not adhering to logo usage rules, including financial penalties and license cancellation. Claims are solely based on content, for which guidelines are provided.

100%

PEFC’s website explains their assurance oversight approach, which involves collaborating with independent certification bodies (CBs) and accreditation bodies. The document describes the roles and responsibilities of both CBs and accreditation bodies. CBs conduct annual visits to certificate holders to ensure ongoing compliance with the standards. CBs are required to undergo initial PEFC-recognized training and periodic refresher trainings to conduct audits effectively.

83%

Procedures exist to address major and minor non-conformities. Certified organizations are given three months to complete corrective actions for major non-conformities found during audits. In case no non-conformities were identified during an on-site audit, less stringent audit techniques like documentation and records review may be used as alternatives. There are no motivation mechanisms for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

25%

Certification bodies are required to determine their auditing sample on the basis of a risk analysis. The organization provides only a general overview of threats to forests and the industry. It does not have a risk management plan on how to identify and manage risks to the sector and organization, a risk map or overview to help certified organizations and assurance actors identify main current sector risks, or explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks.

100%

There is a webpage for complaints and appeals, providing an email address and clear instructions. The contact page can be utilized for continuous feedback. The complaints and appeals webpage as well as a complaints management procedure clarify responsibilities for handling different types of inputs. PEFC holds public consultations not only for revisions of the standard, but also of other procedures such as Certification Body requirements.

69%

PEFC’s strategy document serves as the guide for the organization’s monitoring and evaluation system. Annual Reviews report on system outputs defined in the M&E framework. The organization monitors and reviews its key performance indicators annually, which are derived from the objectives outlined in the strategy document. These indicators form the foundation of the organization’s M&E framework. There is no data communication policy or procedure.

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

11%

Modal with no standard system is 11% less GHG-intensive than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

32%

Modal with no standard system uses 32% fewer fossil fuel resources than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

Modal uses a modified version of the viscose process and, as such, the majority of water risk comes from pulping/fiber production. The only difference from viscose is a modified spinning process, but other than this, the risks remain the same. Risks exist with chemical discharge resulting from poor chemical/waste management. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

For modal, the main feedstock is derived from wood pulp, which is renewable. The main waste that results from production is bark, which can also be reused. Thus, by construction, modal does source feedstock from renewable sources, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

88%

Modal with no standard system causes 88% less water scarcity than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

76%

Modal with no standard system uses 76% less water than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

14%

The eutrophication potential of modal with no standard system is 14% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

Similar to other MMCFs, the main chemical risks associated with modal are at the pulp and fiber production stages (the main difference being a modified spinning process). Chemicals used during this process (carbon disulfide in particular) pose risks to worker health and the environment through emissions and effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Modal with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than acetate with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

6%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

11%

32%

29%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

63%

88%

76%

14%

6%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

33%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

17%

0%

0%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Forest feedstocks for MMCFs are a source of emission risks, namely deforestation. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or training and financial support are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate resiliency, adaptation, or financial support practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the protection of below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that above-ground carbon stocks are not improved and protected with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main feedstock for manmade cellulosic fibers is pulp derived from wood. The degree to which carbon remains sequestered depends on soil type, responsible harvesting techniques, and reforestation practices, none of which are controlled where there is no standard system in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

4%

0%

The majority of water use—and, in turn, water risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. There are, however, some risks at the forestry level if pesticides or fertilizers are used. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water risk management plan is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The majority of chemical use—and, in turn, chemical risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. Fertilizers are regularly used on tree plantations (not natural forests) and pesticides are used sporadically. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical management plan for procedures is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics for chemistry are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with soil health are connected to fertilizer/pesticide application. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics are not utilized for soil health outcomes, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that any beneficial soil health practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

The main risks associated with land use are deforestation and land conversion resulting from improper logging/harvesting, as well as the application of pesticides/fertilizers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to deforestation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to land conversion, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main risks associated with forestry are the introduction of non-indigenous trees, forest/plantation logging, monoculture growth, pesticide/fertilizer application, and maintenance and management practices that may have adverse impacts on local ecosystems, water quality, deforestation changes, and local communities. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest management techniques are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest monitoring is not utilized to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

There are sporadic commitments to limit or eliminate the harvesting of ancient or endangered forests, but where there is no standard system, it is assumed that these commitments are not standard or aligned with a widely accepted accounting methodology.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not implemented to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a waste reduction plan is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that is not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. While some programs may practice recycling or take part in monitoring reuse and recycling, this is not standard across the board.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, whereas the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

11%

Modal with no standard system is 11% less GHG-intensive than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

32%

Modal with no standard system uses 32% fewer fossil fuel resources than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

Modal uses a modified version of the viscose process and, as such, the majority of water risk comes from pulping/fiber production. The only difference from viscose is a modified spinning process, but other than this, the risks remain the same. Risks exist with chemical discharge resulting from poor chemical/waste management. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

For modal, the main feedstock is derived from wood pulp, which is renewable. The main waste that results from production is bark, which can also be reused. Thus, by construction, modal does source feedstock from renewable sources, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

88%

Modal with no standard system causes 88% less water scarcity than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

76%

Modal with no standard system uses 76% less water than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

14%

The eutrophication potential of modal with no standard system is 14% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

Similar to other MMCFs, the main chemical risks associated with modal are at the pulp and fiber production stages (the main difference being a modified spinning process). Chemicals used during this process (carbon disulfide in particular) pose risks to worker health and the environment through emissions and effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Modal with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than acetate with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

21%

23%

0%

0%

13%

13%

0%

50%

25%

25%

44%

42%

50%

0%

31%

0%

25%

0%

38%

63%

90%

83%

31%

23%

31%

13%

25%

25%

20%

33%

84%

100%

63%

75%

50%

17%

100%

88%

88%

100%

100%

100%

88%

75%

38%

50%

31%

38%

38%

38%

33%

38%

21%

13%

0%

50%

11%

6%

10%

10%

11%

9%

16%

10%

29%

16%

6%

0%

13%

6%

89%

75%

100%

50%

100%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

11%

45%

FSC requires producers to include climate change as a factor in management plans and procedures. In addition, environmental assessments will include opportunities for climate change adaptation and notices for vulnerability.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that FSC implements an emission monitoring plan, or outlines emission monitoring as a key part of the forest management plan.

0%

Emission reductions are not named as a prioritized outcome in the FSC certification. There is no evidence that emission management or monitoring takes place.

25%

FSC requires producers to implement the lower-carbon procedures of leaving woody debris as crop residue and above-ground carbon stock monitoring.

25%

FSC requires producers to use forest/vegetation as wind breaks and maintain green zones on the production unit.

0%

FSC producers need to identify and maintain important features in the production unit. However, peat soils and below-ground carbon stocks are not specifically mentioned in the certification, therefore risks to their identification and protection remain.

50%

FSC mandates the monitoring and protection of HCV forests—or those deemed to have a high conservation value. HCVs are classified not necessarily due to their carbon values alone, but also other key metrics such as rarity and species facilitated by said areas.

25%

FSC requires producers to be aware of soil degradation, and uses indicators such as structure, fertility, and biological activity to confirm compliance. No specific evidence of soil carbon sequestration is present in FSC.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

22%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of water risk management: identifying and protecting water resources in production zones. As it’s part of the FSC management plan, it is shown to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, considerate of future risks to water health, and regularly reviewed and subsequently adapted.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal considerations or priorities are outlined in the FSC certification. Monitoring of contamination and quality takes place, but it is unclear if withdrawal monitoring occurs in the forest management unit.

63%

The quality of water bodies and resources in the forest management unit is outlined in criteria under the FSC certification and backed by regular monitoring of water quality, with the results being incorporated into future management procedures.

0%

There is no evidence of water withdrawal considerations or priorities in the FSC certification.

50%

FSC requires the protection and restoration of water bodies, in terms of their quality, in the forest management unit. These sources are to be maintained or restored to a more potable state.

0%

Multiple sources of water are required to be protected or enhanced under FSC: surface, ground, and municipal. Language in the certification aligns more with considerations of contamination than withdrawal, though “enhancing” these resources could also imply considerations of water level and amount.

75%

FSC outlines surface, ground, and municipal water as sources to protect and maintain. For these sources, the program more clearly outlines considerations of water quality than withdrawal.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

23%

63%

A chemical management plan is not required on its own under the FSC certification. However, chemical management must be a part of the overall forest management plan if chemicals are used in production. This component, like other facets of the forest management plan, is subject to regular updates and reviews and outlines site-specific hazards and practices to avoid/reduce those hazards.

25%

FSC mandates that chemicals are handled appropriately, which includes being stored and separated from riparian and other ecological zones. The FSC list of prohibited highly hazardous pesticides aligns with the Stockholm Convention, Rotterdam Convention, and Montreal Protocol. In addition, FSC requires producers to demonstrate allocated personnel for chemical management, ensure training is carried out for all workers, keep records of training, and ensure that an annual review of the pesticide policy is in place, with continuous improvement.

50%

FSC mandates the adoption of an input chemical ban aligning with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, as well as any international pesticide agreement. It also requires the results from monitoring to be used in adaptive management.

50%

FSC requires that chemical management be documented and reviewed for efficacy with the forest management plan, reflecting the opportunity to demonstrate continuous improvement of chemical management outcomes.

40%

FSC has a comprehensive chemical strategy, as shown by highlighting input chemistry bans to follow, as well as discharge/contamination of waterways.

Not in scope.

84%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of soil health management, such as the identification and protection of soil resources. As it’s part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to soil health, regular review, and subsequent adaptation.

63%

As soil structure, fertility, and biological activity represent areas to maintain or enhance, monitoring the state of the soil needs to take place. These results are incorporated into the management plan and the actions are reviewed for effectiveness.

75%

FSC outlines continuous improvement areas for soil health in structure and nutrient cycling, especially for plantations. It also requires research to determine whether soil productivity will be harmed by harvesting; harvesting is contingent on these results.

50%

Soil structural health, nutrient cycling, and microbial health are to be maintained or enhanced in plantation forests.

17%

FSC supports leaving behind ‘woody debris’ from harvesting to improve soil structure and nutrient cycling.

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of land management planning, such as no conversion of forest to plantations or other forms of cultivated land unless it is evidenced to be conducive to further conservation. Since it is part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to biodiversity, and regular review and subsequent adaptation.

88%

FSC prioritizes land health outcomes in the requirement that no gross deforestation or land conversion will take place after the year 2020 and is contingent on remediation actions.

88%

FSC requires increased protections against deforestation, with a cut-off date aligning with industry standards of 2020, and a requirement on no gross deforestation.

100%

FSC requires increased protections against land conversion – with a cut-off date aligning to industry standards of 2020, and a requirement on no gross land conversion of any kind.

100%

FSC outlines mandatory criteria for forest management plans that are site-specific, such as considering local plant and animal species, as well as tree and ecosystem type. These plans are inclusive of collaboration with other stakeholders and are reviewed on a regular basis to incorporate ongoing monitoring results. The management plans consider future risks to forests due to management practices.

100%

Under FSC, forest monitoring is used to help guide management actions. Forest monitoring is annual, and the results are used to update management processes.

88%

FSC requires producers to keep forests healthy and diverse – program requires producers to identify, protect and restore areas of forest where successional stages are underrepresented. This is to keep diversity of each level of forest growth present in the management unit.

75%

FSC requires that special forest types are protected on the forest management unit, and that harvesting practices are designed to be minimally impactful to the surrounding environment. It also requires that forests are not converted unless under special circumstances, and provides requirements on best practice when even-aged silviculture is used, but does not mandate the use of uneven-aged harvesting practices where applicable.

76%

100%

FSC’s forest management plan requires elements of biodiversity management planning such as identifying and protecting threatened and endangered animal species, plant species, wildlife habitats and high conservation value forests. As this is part of the FSC management plan, it is evidenced to be inclusive of stakeholder collaboration, consideration of future risks to biodiversity, and regular review and subsequent adaptation.

63%

FSC monitors the state of biodiversity on the production unit in the form of threatened species and ecosystem identification. The results are incorporated into management actions that are then tested against.

75%

FSC demonstrates an ambitious biodiversity strategy in naming continuous improvement points for key biodiversity figures: identification of protected areas and species. It also requires the documentation of potential impacts before starting production in a given area.

75%

FSC monitors the conditions of riparian zones and buffer zones, as well as the impacts of transport on migration corridors.

75%

FSC requires that managers protect and restore plantation land to natural forest cover. The allocation of land necessary for certification is dependent on plantation size; the larger the plantation, the larger the percentage of land to be set aside.

67%

FSC outlines considerations for the identification and prohibition of hunting threatened species on the production unit, implements a chemical ban to restrict the use of the most harmful chemicals that might affect species outside of those targeted, and works to minimize disturbances to migration corridors.

75%

FSC requires management plans to have specific considerations for dealing with invasive species, such as identifying and implementing processes to minimize risk of spread and, if possible, risk of eradicating established populations. The program also prioritizes using non-chemical control measures.

25%

25%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. FSC has criteria in place for strategies to minimize waste at the harvesting stage—but does leave room for leaving organic matter to maintain soil health and ideal growing conditions.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that are not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. There is no evidence to suggest that FSC requires producers to maximize the value of waste and, as such, these risks are not addressed at scale at the forestry level.

50%

Forests are a 100% biobased feedstock, though FSC certification does not include any commitments to the incorporation of recycled feedstocks in production.

22%

11%

FSC requires producers to provide workers with fair wages that meet or exceed minimum forest industry standards or other recognized industry wage agreements or living wages, where these are higher than the legal minimum wages. Additionally, shelters and sanitation units are to be built on-site. While a limit of 48 working hours per week is not referenced, FSC requires producers to comply with national limits.

20%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to prevent and eliminate all forms of forced or compulsory labor. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

20%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to effectively abolish child labor. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

22%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) to address and prevent sexual harassment and discrimination on grounds such as marital status, gender, sexual orientation, or parenthood. FSC also requires grievance mechanisms to be in place for workers to raise concerns and access remedies.

18%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998), specifically ILO Conventions 87 and 98, to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. Additionally, verifiers must engage with labor unions and/or representatives during the certification process. Secure channels to raise grievances and seek remedy are to be provided by management as well.

32%

FSC requires adherence to the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry Work, as well as applicable laws and regulations, to ensure a safe and healthy working environment. In addition, there is a requirement for PPE to be supplied to all workers who are at risk of exposure. Health and safety training is provided and specified to the forestry industry—with provisions on the use of machinery and chemicals, to name a few.

19%

FSC includes a Theory of Change that outlines improving the economic and social management of forests, listing wages and workers’ well-being as key objectives. Included in the certification criteria are requirements for committing to improving farmer incomes towards a living income and purchasing local goods and services of equal price and quality.

58%

FSC requires producers to respect legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples and adhere to UNDRIP; engage with affected Indigenous groups in the communities’ native language or an understandable format; assess compliance with customary land rights and Indigenous peoples’ consent; recommend training on Indigenous rights and land tenure; engage directly with Indigenous rightsholders; offer secure channels for grievances and access to remedy; identify and address risks to Indigenous land rights; provide guidance on culturally sensitive engagement; and involve Indigenous experts.

33%

FSC requires adherence to legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law. Additionally, FSC assurance protocols require engagement with stakeholders in governance, standard setting, and audits, as well as providing secure channels for local communities and civil society organizations to effectively raise grievances and concerns and access remedies.

13%

FSC requires producers to participate in community consultation to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts, as well as disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the business operation. However, disclosure does not have to be direct.

0%

There is no evidence that FSC has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that FSC has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

27%

FSC requires producers to establish a system to address grievances in the worker’s native language and comprehensible format; take part in the remediation of significant risks; enable anonymous complaint submission by workers; involve workers’ unions; establish a clear procedure and assign responsibility for handling and addressing grievances; ensure grievance mechanisms are connected to a verified remedy process; engage workers in the grievance mechanism; and adopt a gender-sensitive approach to handling grievances.

13%

FSC requires commitments to preventing and addressing discrimination based on sex within the workplace. Producers are required to provide a workplace free from discrimination, with equal protection; respect and promote equality and human rights, including non-discrimination and equal rights for men and women; and prevent violence and discrimination against Indigenous women and children.

89%

75%

FSC has published a strategy document outlining a vision for 2050, long-term outcomes, a results framework, and strategies with sub-goals. The organization’s mission is mentioned in the standard, along with the objective of the criteria. While the vision and strategy have time-bound elements, the concrete goals are qualitative and lack measurable indicators. Accountability is maintained through annual progress reporting to the membership by the secretariat and board.

100%

The standard has a development and revision procedure. A version control outlining changes is included. The document distinguishes between three types of revision processes: major, regular, and accelerated. Public consultations are announced on the FSC website, while focused consultations invite stakeholders to provide input. Before developing new requirements, an initial analysis is conducted, including assessing the need for normative regulation and recommending key intended outcomes.

50%

FSC has a Board of Directors overseeing activities for four years, and an International Secretariat executing the Global Strategy. Impartiality policies are mentioned on the website, but they are not publicly available. Roles and responsibilities are not clearly distinguished for Secretariat members. FSC offers membership in environmental, social, and economic chambers for contributing to responsible forestry.

100%

FSC requires an unbroken chain of certified organizations for products to be claimed as FSC certified. Chain of Custody certification is mandatory in the supply chain. FSC provides guidance on correct trademark use and can suspend or terminate permission for misuse. The FSC labels include FSC 100%, FSC Recycled, and FSC Mix, mix allows a minimum of 70% certified inputs. There are guidelines for allowed claims, and the trademark use document specifies approved outcome- and content-based claims.

100%

FSC works with independent Certification Bodies and an Accreditation Body (ASI), and has documented their assurance oversight procedures. The Certification Body procedure outlines expected tasks and annual surveillance evaluations for FSC clients. The document for Certification Bodies provides roles, responsibilities, and application processes for the Accreditation Body. There are guidance documents on assessing conformity, interpretations of the normative framework, and complaints handling.

100%

The Certification Body procedure includes sections on conducting conformity assessments, defining minor and major nonconformities, and suspending and withdrawing certification. There is a motivation mechanism in place for reducing the frequency of audits for certified organizations with a history of no nonconformities, as well as for Certification Bodies to publish evaluation reports with audit findings to demonstrate accuracy.

75%

The Certification Body procedure states that FSC and ASI can request higher surveillance frequencies for challenging or high-risk geographical areas or certification services. FSC has a risk management plan, including the Policy for Association, to protect its credibility and reputation. Risk assessments and control measures have been published for various countries and categories of risk, but no quantification of the risks is provided.

100%

FSC provides an easily accessible webpage for submitting complaints and feedback, with explicit instructions for doing so. They have a procedure for processing complaints in the certification scheme. FSC also has a consultation platform for gathering feedback on a wide variety of topics and normative documents, ensuring stakeholder input is considered and addressed.

100%

The FSC M&E Framework tracks progress against the FSC Global Strategy 2021-2026. It consists of 3 strategies with goals aligned with the FSC 2026 Objective and 2050 Vision. Stakeholder categories for the M&E system are revised annually. The FSC introduced digital audit reporting in 2022, and clarifies who will get access to aggregated data to run reports. Outcome-level evaluation analyses are published

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, whereas the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

25%

Viscose with no standard system is 25% less GHG-intensive than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

44%

Viscose with no standard system uses 44% fewer fossil fuel resources than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

The majority of water risk comes from pulping/fiber production. Viscose requires a continuous washing process, which exacerbates the risks chemicals (particularly zinc and carbon disulfide) pose for discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed, even if some large producers do apply the best available technologies for blue water savings in processing, including steam recovery and water recycling systems.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

For viscose, the main feedstock is derived from wood pulp, which is renewable. The main waste that results from production is bark, which can also be reused. Thus, by construction, viscose does source feedstock from renewable sources, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

90%

Viscose with no standard system causes 90% less water scarcity than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

83%

Viscose with no standard system uses 83% less water than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

31%

The eutrophication potential of viscose with no standard system is 31% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with chemical use are in pulping and fiber production. Due to viscose requiring a continuous washing process with zinc and carbon disulfide, the risk of toxic exposure is high and can negatively impact stakeholders through emissions or effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Viscose with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than acetate with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

24%

33%

0%

13%

13%

13%

0%

63%

25%

25%

44%

37%

25%

0%

0%

13%

13%

0%

13%

63%

90%

83%

31%

22%

31%

6%

25%

25%

20%

33%

74%

50%

50%

25%

33%

0%

100%

88%

100%

100%

100%

63%

75%

75%

23%

44%

31%

25%

13%

0%

25%

25%

20%

10%

0%

50%

7%

3%

8%

8%

9%

4%

4%

3%

15%

15%

13%

0%

4%

3%

79%

100%

58%

75%

100%

100%

83%

25%

100%

69%

14%

65%

PEFC encourages climate-positive actions under the forest management plan. As part of the management plan, these actions can be reviewed and updated for subsequent plans. However, no detail on the degree of required implementation or best practices is provided.

0%

PEFC requires the monitoring of air pollutants in the forest management plan—though it is unclear whether this is targeted at the air pollutants produced in the production process or ambient air quality.

25%

PEFC encourages actions that are aimed at reducing GHG emissions during production. However, there is no evidence demonstrating that decreased emissions are required under the forest management plan.

25%

PEFC requires producers to harvest in line with no net loss objectives and maps ecologically important forest areas (above-ground carbon stocks).

25%

PEFC highlights that forests’ ability to prevent floods and erosion is protected and enhanced. Additionally, the protection of ecologically important forest ecosystems includes riparian areas.

0%

While the carbon-sequestering ability of forests is required to be identified and maintained, there is no evidence that this extends to below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils.

63%

PEFC requires protecting the forest’s capacity to sequester carbon. This includes the mapping of ecologically important forests. The program also includes steps to prevent deforestation and production on recently deforested land.

25%

PEFC requires producers to maintain the carbon sequestration capacity of forests and documents the carbon sequestration ability of the soil in separate research.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

12%

50%

PEFC outlines water management as a part of the forest management plan. The language in the certification is representative of more general considerations of water management but does incorporate mapping, regular review, and corresponding updates to the plan.

0%

PEFC requires monitoring for forest health values. However, water withdrawal monitoring is not evidenced to be a part of this process.

0%

PEFC requires monitoring for forest health values. However, it is not evident that water quality monitoring is part of this process.

25%

PEFC names water quantity as an outcome for forests with water protection functions, but water quantity does not seem to be explicitly monitored. Therefore, the extent of ambition beyond the statement is unclear.

25%

PEFC names water quality as an outcome for forests with water protection functions, but water quality does not seem to be explicitly monitored. Therefore, the extent of ambition beyond the statement is unclear.

0%

PEFC does not specify bodies of water in which to prioritize outcomes of water withdrawal.

25%

PEFC outlines considerations for surface water contamination in response to infrastructure construction.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

22%

63%

PEFC requires an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system in forest management plans. While IPMs address biodiversity concerns, they are also used for the reduction of pesticide use in the management unit. The management plan is reviewed regularly and with stakeholders, considering future impacts along with management goals.

13%

PEFC requires producers to store, label, separate, and dispose of chemicals in line with the ILO Code of Good Practice. Persons handling chemicals have received appropriate training and protective equipment.

50%

PEFC requires compliance with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b. Exceptions can exist where substitutes are not viable, thus risks of highly hazardous pesticide use remain.

50%

Since an integrated pest management plan is implemented for the reduction of pesticide/chemical use and reviewed with the management plan on a continual basis, it can be inferred that PEFC maintains a continuous improvement outlook on chemical use.

40%

PEFC implements a restricted chemistry list aligning with the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b and Stockholm Convention.

Not in scope.

74%

50%

Soil health is required to be maintained or enhanced under PEFC forest management. Verification of this takes place regularly, and the results are incorporated into subsequent plans.

50%

PEFC requires soil health mapping to identify soils at risk of erosion on the production unit.

25%

Soil health is named as a targeted outcome related to harvesting practices. The language is representative of a more general—rather than site-specific—concern for soil health, but requires that forest management practices occur in a way that does not harm soil quality.

33%

PEFC outlines soil structural health and carbon cycles as priority objectives in forest production.

0%

There is no evidence put forth to show that beneficial soil health practices are employed in a PEFC-certified forest.

100%

PEFC requires producers to implement measures that demonstrate adaptive, site-attuned, and regularly reviewed land management plans.

88%

PEFC names land use as a priority outcome in prohibiting conversion either to or from forests, and mandates that continuous training be provided on forestry techniques and forest management.

100%

PEFC demonstrates commitment to the prevention of deforestation through improved management practices, with a cut-off date of 2010 and continual training in forest management best practice.

100%

PEFC demonstrates commitment to the prevention of land conversion through improved management practices, with a cut-off date of 2010 and continual training in forest management best practice.

100%

PEFC requires a regionally specific, regularly updated management plan that is collaborated on with relevant stakeholders. It is representative of future impacts to forests as a result of intended management operations.

63%

PEFC has a comprehensive forest monitoring plan that incorporates results on the state and pressures of forest health into the management plan.

75%

PEFC requires continuous improvement to forest health under the management plan, and that no land be converted for production operations.

75%

PEFC outlines that forest loss or conversion cannot take place during production or harvesting, as well as outlining the use of harvesting techniques to minimize impacts to surrounding forest resources, and requires no harvesting of old or rare trees on the production site.

46%

88%

Biodiversity is a focal point of a PEFC-compliant forest management plan, which requires management planning to be inclusive of maintaining and/or enhancing ecosystem and species diversity. The management plan is reviewed regularly and with stakeholders, considering future impacts along with management goals.

63%

PEFC requires periodic monitoring on the state of biodiversity on the production unit. Results of this monitoring are used to update the management plan.

50%

PEFC requires the continual maintenance, conservation, and/or enhancement of several biodiversity features on management units: ecosystem, species, and genetic diversity.

25%

PEFC outlines requirements to maintain and/or improve habitat corridors.

0%

PEFC requires producers to set aside ecologically important forest areas—though percentage figures or thresholds for the minimum amount of land required to be set aside is unclear.

50%

PEFC prohibits the hunting or fishing of threatened and endangered species, requires that pesticides with persistent impacts outside of their intended purposes are banned, and aims to maintain migration corridors.

50%

PEFC outlines general principles, more aligned with avoiding the introduction of invasive species to the production unit than their active mitigation.

23%

20%

PEFC communicates that non-organic waste on the production site be removed and disposed of. There is no evidence to suggest that this is part of a larger effort to reduce waste in production processes.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that waste streams are separated and/or organized for the purpose of reuse.

50%

Forests are a 100% biobased feedstock, though PEFC does not include any commitments to the incorporation of recycled feedstocks in production

14%

6%

PEFC requires producers to ensure the statutory minimum wage or collectively bargained wage (whichever is higher) is paid to all hired workers and that working hours and leave comply with national laws or applicable collective agreements. Moreover, PEFC requires steps to be taken to increase wages toward a living wage in addition to increases for inflation.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105 for the elimination of forced or compulsory labor. However, there is no evidence that requirements include provisions aimed at preventing specific forced labor risks relevant to the target sector. Additionally, PEFC does not require that external verifiers and other actors involved in monitoring forced labor risks receive dedicated training on sensitization and detecting forced labor.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 138 and 182 for the effective abolition of child labor. However, PEFC does not require that a remediation policy or plan specifically targeted at child labor is provided, or that external verifiers receive dedicated training on sensitization and detecting child labor.

17%

PEFC requires alignment with ILO Convention 111 to prevent and address discrimination and ILO Convention 100 to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value. There are also requirements for gender equality to be promoted, especially in the context of equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and workplace harassment as well as the requirement for monitoring, as a part of forest management, for social impacts of these practices.

8%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to freedom of association. In particular, PEFC requires alignment with ILO Conventions 87 and 98 to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining.

7%

PEFC requires that forest operations shall be planned, organized, and performed in a manner that enables health and accident risks to be identified and reasonable measures to be applied to protect workers. Workers shall also be informed about the risks involved in their work and preventive measures, in addition to being assured that working conditions will be safe and guidance and training in safe working practices will be provided. In line with the ILO Code of Good Practice, PEFC requires an OHS responsible party, OHS safety training as it concerns forestry, and verification contingent on a review of the OHS system.

6%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to livelihoods. In particular, PEFC requires producers to commit to improving farmer incomes towards a living income.

29%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, PEFC requires certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), and engage with all Indigenous groups affected by business operations. In addition, PEFC requires producers to assess whether customary land rights or Indigenous peoples’ rights to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) have been respected.

30%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to land rights. In particular, PEFC requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law, as well as verification of the legality and effective implementation of laws related to land and water acquisition and respect for land and water rights.

25%

There is evidence that PEFC has requirements in place to address some risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, PEFC requires that participatory consultation take place within local communities to identify, mitigate, or address potential conflicts, concerns, or impacts. PEFC also requires certified producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the business operation.

0%

There is no evidence that PEFC has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

7%

PEFC requires producers to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations. In addition, PEFC requires certified producers to provide or participate in the remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism.

6%

There is evidence that PEFC has a requirement in place to promote a commitment to equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and freedom from workplace harassment. Underpinning this is the requirement that gender equality should be promoted throughout. However, there are no explicit requirements for certified producers to take steps to address the risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

79%

100%

The organization released a 2030 strategy document detailing sustainability goals and plans to achieve them. The document includes measurable and time-bound targets, such as a 15% increase in PEFC-certified area by 2030. Two strategic pathways focus on improving communication and engagement to maximize awareness of the certification strategy.

58%

The organization has a document explaining the process for standardization bodies developing, reviewing, and revising standards endorsed by PEFC. All standards undergo review and revision every five years. However, procedures for urgent changes to the international standard are not explicitly mentioned for the international standard itself. The standard development process includes public consultations. It is not mentioned what research has gone into the standard development process.

75%

PEFC’s governance structure includes the Board and General Assembly (providing strategic direction and electing the Board). The website outlines various roles and responsibilities within the management team. Membership is open to companies, organizations, and associations with shared principles, granting them voting rights in the General Assembly and the opportunity to join working groups and committees.

100%

The organization has various documents and policies focused on claims management, also covering its different chains of custody models. Claims must align with one of the three models, and one of them requires the client organization to calculate the percentage of certified content. It has procedures and potential consequences for not adhering to logo usage rules, including financial penalties and license cancellation. Claims are solely based on content, for which guidelines are provided.

100%

PEFC’s website explains their assurance oversight approach, which involves collaborating with independent certification bodies (CBs) and accreditation bodies. The document describes the roles and responsibilities of both CBs and accreditation bodies. CBs conduct annual visits to certificate holders to ensure ongoing compliance with the standards. CBs are required to undergo initial PEFC-recognized training and periodic refresher trainings to conduct audits effectively.

83%

Procedures exist to address major and minor non-conformities. Certified organizations are given three months to complete corrective actions for major non-conformities found during audits. In case no non-conformities were identified during an on-site audit, less stringent audit techniques like documentation and records review may be used as alternatives. There are no motivation mechanisms for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

25%

Certification bodies are required to determine their auditing sample on the basis of a risk analysis. The organization provides only a general overview of threats to forests and the industry. It does not have a risk management plan on how to identify and manage risks to the sector and organization, a risk map or overview to help certified organizations and assurance actors identify main current sector risks, or explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks.

100%

There is a webpage for complaints and appeals, providing an email address and clear instructions. The contact page can be utilized for continuous feedback. The complaints and appeals webpage as well as a complaints management procedure clarify responsibilities for handling different types of inputs. PEFC holds public consultations not only for revisions of the standard, but also of other procedures such as Certification Body requirements.

69%

PEFC’s strategy document serves as the guide for the organization’s monitoring and evaluation system. Annual Reviews report on system outputs defined in the M&E framework. The organization monitors and reviews its key performance indicators annually, which are derived from the objectives outlined in the strategy document. These indicators form the foundation of the organization’s M&E framework. There is no data communication policy or procedure.

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, where the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

25%

Viscose with no standard system is 25% less GHG-intensive than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

44%

Viscose with no standard system uses 44% fewer fossil fuel resources than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

The majority of water risk comes from pulping/fiber production. Viscose requires a continuous washing process, which exacerbates the risks chemicals (particularly zinc and carbon disulfide) pose for discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed, even if some large producers do apply the best available technologies for blue water savings in processing, including steam recovery and water recycling systems.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

For viscose, the main feedstock is derived from wood pulp, which is renewable. The main waste that results from production is bark, which can also be reused. Thus, by construction, viscose does source feedstock from renewable sources, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

90%

Viscose with no standard system causes 90% less water scarcity than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

83%

Viscose with no standard system uses 83% less water than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

31%

The eutrophication potential of viscose with no standard system is 31% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with chemical use are in pulping and fiber production. Due to viscose requiring a continuous washing process with zinc and carbon disulfide, the risk of toxic exposure is high and can negatively impact stakeholders through emissions or effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Viscose with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than acetate with no standard system.

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

12%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

25%

44%

33%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

63%

90%

83%

31%

6%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

33%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

17%

0%

0%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Forest feedstocks for MMCFs are a source of emission risks, namely deforestation. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, whereas the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or training and financial support are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate resiliency, adaptation, or financial support practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the protection of below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that above-ground carbon stocks are not improved and protected with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main feedstock for manmade cellulosic fibers is pulp derived from wood. The degree to which carbon remains sequestered depends on soil type, responsible harvesting techniques, and reforestation practices, none of which are controlled where there is no standard system in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

4%

0%

The majority of water use—and, in turn, water risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. There are, however, some risks at the forestry level if pesticides or fertilizers are used. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water risk management plan is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste—bark—can also be reused and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are thus mitigated.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The majority of chemical use—and, in turn, chemical risk—takes place during the pulping and fiber production stages for MMCFs. Fertilizers are regularly used on tree plantations (not natural forests) and pesticides are used sporadically. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical management plan for procedures is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics for chemistry are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with soil health are connected to fertilizer/pesticide application. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that prioritized metrics are not utilized for soil health outcomes, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that any beneficial soil health practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

The main risks associated with land use are deforestation and land conversion resulting from improper logging/harvesting, as well as the application of pesticides/fertilizers. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to deforestation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that commitments are not in place to reduce risks related to land conversion, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

The main risks associated with forestry are the introduction of non-indigenous trees, forest/plantation logging, monoculture growth, pesticide/fertilizer application, and maintenance and management practices that may have adverse impacts on local ecosystems, water quality, deforestation changes, and local communities. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest management techniques are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest monitoring is not utilized to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that forest health is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

There are sporadic commitments to limit or eliminate the harvesting of ancient or endangered forests, but where there is no standard system, it is assumed that these commitments are not standard or aligned with a widely accepted accounting methodology.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not implemented to measure impacts, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to improper management of chemicals used in pulping and fiber production. There are also risks associated with fertilizer and pesticide application at the forestry level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a waste reduction plan is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

At the forest level, there is potential for reusing and recycling forest feedstock, as well as forest waste (small trees, branches, etc.), that is not used in the pulping and fiber production processes. While some programs may practice recycling or take part in monitoring reuse and recycling, this is not standard across the board.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions for MMCFs at this stage are energy use (sources) and energy efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no requirements are in place to monitor emissions through scopes, specialists, or accounting methodologies, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that GHG emission reductions are not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some practices in place. Roughly 50% of all MMCFs are produced under FSC or PEFC certification, whereas the remainder of forest feedstock may be linked to deforestation or improper management techniques.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that lower-carbon procedures or financial support are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the implementation of practices to combat extreme weather or provide financial support is not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

25%

Viscose with no standard system is 25% less GHG-intensive than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

44%

Viscose with no standard system uses 44% fewer fossil fuel resources than acetate with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

4%

0%

The majority of water risk comes from pulping/fiber production. Viscose requires a continuous washing process, which exacerbates the risks chemicals (particularly zinc and carbon disulfide) pose for discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water risk management is not employed, even if some large producers do apply the best available technologies for blue water savings in processing, including steam recovery and water recycling systems.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for withdrawal is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health for contamination is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for withdrawal are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water health metrics for contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

63%

For viscose, the main feedstock is derived from wood pulp, which is renewable. The main waste that results from production is bark, which can also be reused. Thus, by construction, viscose does source feedstock from renewable sources, and the impacts of oil and gas extraction are therefore mitigated. However, there are no requirements in place that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals in production.

90%

Viscose with no standard system causes 90% less water scarcity than Acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

83%

Viscose with no standard system uses 83% less water than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

31%

The eutrophication potential of viscose with no standard system is 31% lower than acetate with no standard system when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with chemical use are in pulping and fiber production. Due to viscose requiring a continuous washing process with zinc and carbon disulfide, the risk of toxic exposure is high and can negatively impact stakeholders through emissions or effluent discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not utilized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring is not utilized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemistry metrics are not prioritized, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

33%

Viscose with no standard system scores 33% lower on the Higg MSI Chemistry Rating than acetate with no standard system.

0%

0%

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

0%

0%

The main biodiversity risks are connected to forest management practices as opposed to pulping/fiber production. The protection of high conservation value, endangered, and ancient forests is crucial, as is the protection of native species. Chemical discharge resulting from improper waste management is also a concern. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management planning is not utilized, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not utilized to address the impact of chemical discharge, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not named as a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that that buffer zones, habitat corridors, or riparian areas are not considered, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no percentage of area is set aside for any conservation or restoration purpose, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that human-wildlife interactions, migration pathways, non-lethal management, chemical discharge, treatment of endangered species, or sustainable use of hunting/gathering methods are not prioritized as to benefit/promote biodiversity in the context of species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no action is taken to avoid the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems on a large scale.

17%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not reduced with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste is not maintained and used at its maximum value with new management procedures and practices, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

MMCFs are derived from cellulose of differing types of wood pulp (eucalyptus, beech, pine, etc.) and are inherently renewable. The main waste (bark) can also be reused.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) or eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination, as defined in ILO Convention 111, and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core Theory of Change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods, or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that producers are required to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or requirements for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to provide or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations, provide or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism, or establish a grievance mechanism that includes the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that certified producers are required to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Climate
Water
Chemistry
Land Use
Biodiversity
Resource Use and Waste
Human Rights
Initiative Integrity
Dew-Retted Flax
EU Organic
F
GOTS
IP CoC
EU Organic Flax F
GOTS Certified IP CoC
Dew-Retted Flax
EU Organic Flax
F
OCS
IP CoC
EU Organic Flax F
OCS Certified IP CoC
Dew-Retted Flax with no standard system F
Water-Retted Flax
EU Organic
F
GOTS
IP CoC
EU Organic flax F
GOTS Certified IP CoC
Water-Retted Flax
EU Organic flax
F
OCS
IP CoC
EU Organic Flax F
OCS Certified IP CoC
Water retted Flax with no standard system F
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Emission Management
Emission Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Emission Strategy
Climate Mitigation
Climate Adaptation
Protection of Peat Soils and Below-Ground Carbon Stocks
Protection of Above-Ground Carbon Stocks
Evidence of Soil Carbon Sequestration
Global Warming Potential [Higg MSI]
Abiotic Resource Depletion, Fossil Fuels  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Water Risk Management
Water Monitoring (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Water Monitoring (Contamination)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Impacts of Oil and Gas Extraction on Surface and Groundwater
Water Scarcity [Higg MSI] 
Water Consumption  [Higg MSI]
Eutrophication potential [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Chemical Management Procedures
Chemical Management Practices
Chemical Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Chemical Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Chemical Strategy
Chemistry  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Soil Health Management
Soil Health Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Soil Health Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Soil Health Strategy
Soil Beneficial Practices for Cropping Systems
Land Management Planning
Ambitiousness of Land Strategy
Deforestation
Land Conversion
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Biodiversity Management Planning
Biodiversity Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Biodiversity Strategy
Habitat and Ecosystem Diversity
Habitat Protection and Restoration
Species and Genetic Diversity
Attention to Invasive Species
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Reducing Waste in Production Processes
Maximizing Values of Waste Streams
Consumption Through Feedstock Selection
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Wages and working conditions
Forced Labor
Child Labor
Non-discrimination
Freedom of Association
Occupational Health and Safety
Livelihoods: predictability and stability of income
Indigenous peoples and customary land rights
Land rights
Community consultation and engagement (right to participation)
Enabling environment for human rights realization
Grievance and remedy
Prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence and harassment
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Theory of Change
Standard-setting procedures
Governance
Claims management
Assurance oversight
Enforcement mechanism
Risk management
Feedback, Complaints & Grievances
Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning system

32%

33%

6%

38%

25%

8%

0%

0%

25%

47%

48%

54%

33%

25%

25%

40%

33%

0%

13%

69%

87%

87%

60%

23%

38%

38%

50%

50%

30%

0%

53%

25%

50%

50%

100%

83%

50%

50%

0%

0%

30%

0%

20%

50%

50%

0%

67%

25%

40%

44%

25%

50%

12%

30%

8%

21%

16%

17%

30%

6%

0%

0%

0%

0%

11%

13%

54%

63%

54%

50%

59%

84%

83%

25%

25%

47%

30%

15%

EU Organic Legislation states that organic production should focus on adaptation to diverse climate conditions and contribute to the protection of the environment and climate. Specific methods and outcomes/thresholds for these requirements, however, are not outlined in the legislation.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology to address the risks present at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

EU Organic highlights responsible energy use as a guiding principle of organic agricultural production, though the legislation does not require commitments to continual improvement on energy efficiency.

25%

EU Organic agricultural production requires climate change mitigation practices and outcomes in the form of beneficial soil health practices to prevent soil degradation and erosion. EU Organic also restricts synthetic chemistry use to mitigate effects of climate change.

15%

EU Organic agricultural production requires water cycling and withdrawal monitoring—it also supports climate resilience through the implementation of soil-enhancing practices.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

25%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon.

47%

Dew-retted flax is 47% less GHG-intensive than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

48%

Dew-retted flax uses 48% fewer fossil fuels than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

45%

25%

Dew-retted fiber poses inherently lower water risks compared to water-retted fiber, as crops are primarily rainfed. While water use may be reduced, chemical application risks can negatively impact water resources. EU Organic does, however, prohibit the use of synthetic chemistry and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, addressing some water-related risks.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

While there is no specific water strategy, organic flax is largely rainfed, thus reducing the water resources required. In addition, EU Organic prohibits the use of synthetic chemistry and fertilizers, and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, thus addressing some water-related risks.

0%

While there are no specific water strategy requirements, EU Organic prohibits the use of synthetic chemistry and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, thus addressing some water-related risks.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines specific water consumption resources such as surface, groundwater, rainwater or saltwater in a comprehensive water strategy.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines potential water contamination resources such as surface, groundwater, rainwater or saltwater in a comprehensive water strategy.

75%

Organic flax is a 100% biobased feedstock. As an organic material, the use of synthetic fertilizer is restricted.

87%

Dew-retted flax causes 87% less water scarcity than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

87%

Dew-retted flax uses 87% less water compared to warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

60%

Dew-retted flax’s eutrophication potential is 60% lower than that of warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

17%

25%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to pesticide and insecticide application. There are requirements in place that compose a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways. These include measures on exposure (human and environment), and chemically-synthesized medicine.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals when preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage so as to mitigate some risks with chemistry at scale for the farm level.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation in the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of synthetic chemicals is prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

25%

EU Organic outlines that soil quality and maintenance are primary objectives for organic flax production.

50%

EU Organic requires state and pressure monitoring for the quality of soil to ensure that the requirements of maintaining and enhancing soil quality are met.

50%

EU Organic production requires the continual improvement of soil health outcomes such as soil organic matter and fertility.

EU Organic highlights many priority soil health outcomes, including nutrient and carbon cycling, soil microbial activity and structure, and chemical content. For dew-retted flax, the field retting process acts as temporary crop residues that have been shown to increase soil carbon.

83%

EU Organic requires the use of beneficial soil practices to increase the soil quality long-term. These practices include crop rotations, organic amendments and residues, and minimal tillage.

50%

Common elements of land management in EU Organic agricultural production include the avoidance of practices that cause land degradation and a systems-based approach to land management. Being an organic program, producers must be able to prove that their land and its management meet organic requirements for at least three years prior to certification.

50%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements—such as forests—is required in EU Organic production, specific preventative and restorative actions are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, cut-off dates, as well as specific preventative and restorative actions relating to deforestation, are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, cut-off dates, as well as specific preventative and restorative actions relating to land conversion, are not outlined.

30%

0%

Biodiversity management is a priority objective of organic flax production in the EU. Producers are required to be aware of biodiversity values in the production unit.

20%

Biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity in the production unit.

50%

The maintenance and preservation of biodiversity is a priority objective of organic agriculture in the EU—thus addressing some of the risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

While no requirements on buffer zone maintenance or using native species are present, EU Organic producers are required to maintain habitat corridors in the production area.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic producers are required to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

67%

EU Organic agriculture maintains natural crossing borders and the populations of native species through harvesting plans and restricts many synthetic chemical inputs.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring—whether intervention is taken depends on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

38%

38%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemicals, waste, and waste byproducts, as well as fertilizer and pesticide application at the farm level. However, EU Organic flax requires waste produced in flax-growing to be reused as inputs for later production. In this way, risks of waste streams during production growth are mitigated.

25%

EU Organic flax requires the use of on-field waste and by-products to be returned to the field as organic amendments/inputs. This addresses some of the risks associated with waste at the production level.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalogue of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Monitoring & Evaluation framework (CMEF) to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAP. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist, including on outcome-level. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information sharing among authorities but not with the public. The MEL guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements towards ToC goals were found in the document.

32%

50%

GOTS producers are required to comply with local and national environmental laws on emissions to air, wastewater discharge and disposal of waste and sludge. Additionally, producers are required to demonstrate an environmental policy, stating responsibilities, consumption data, and target goals to reduce energy and water use.

13%

GOTS requires producers to monitor their Scope 1 emissions in the form of criteria to identify—and subsequently reduce—GHG emissions arising from production.

50%

GOTS production criteria state that improvements on energy use and emissions are to be identified and measured—with the goal of reducing those identified emissions over time.

25%

GOTS producers are required to follow a hazardous chemical ban and make commitments to continually improving energy efficiency.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to implement a climate adaptation plan.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

47%

Dew-retted flax is 47% less GHG-intensive than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

48%

Dew-retted flax uses 48% fewer fossil fuels than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

61%

50%

Dew-retted fiber poses inherently lower water risks compared to water-retted fiber, as crops are primarily rainfed. While water use may be lower, chemical application risks can still negatively impact water resources. GOTS requires producers to utilize minimal synthetic chemistry and develop plans that identify water use and quality, as well as ways to improve on these figures, to reduce water-related risks.

50%

GOTS requires producers to use natural resources such as water responsibly. Requirements for certification include monitoring the use of water resources and demonstrating withdrawal monitoring at state and pressure levels.

50%

GOTS production requires regular water contamination/quality monitoring at the state and pressure levels.

50%

GOTS requires producers to monitor water use/withdrawal with the aim of continually reducing the impacts that water withdrawal has on the ecosystem surrounding production units.

50%

GOTS requires producers to monitor water contamination with the aim of continually reducing the impacts that water contamination and discharge have on the ecosystem surrounding production units.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS certification outlines specific water resources, such as surface or groundwater, in the avoidance of water overuse in production.

25%

GOTS requires producers to outline surface water quality as a prioritized objective—one that is underpinned by regular monitoring and a continuous improvement framework.

75%

As a biobased feedstock, flax does not run the risk of oil and gas extraction, though as no commitments to renewable energy are made in GOTS, risks of extraction contaminating water still exist.

87%

Dew-retted flax causes 87% less water scarcity than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

87%

Dew-retted flax uses 87% less water compared to warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

60%

Dew-retted flax’s eutrophication potential is 60% lower than that of warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

29%

50%

GOTS producers are required to have a written environmental policy and procedures in place to monitor and minimize waste and discharge, including staff training on chemicals with an annual onsite review.

75%

GOTS outlines requirements for producers in relation to chemical management such as separation from other chemicals, labeling (Material Safety Data Sheets), handling, and disposal. Furthermore, training is provided to workers to ensure the retention of best practices in chemical management, and a responsible person is nominated to facilitate the chemical side of GOTS compliance.

62.5%

GOTS producers are required to use only inputs in its GOTS Positive list, which aligns with international conventions. Additionally, chemical monitoring takes place in the form of maintaining discharge and effluent limits. Results of this monitoring guide remediation actions.

50%

GOTS producers are required to continually promote a non-toxic environment through the restriction of synthetic chemicals and fertilizers. GOTS also requires producers to reduce levels of chemicals used and discharged during production.

55%

GOTS production requires limits to chemical discharge into water and discharge of sludge to be put in place and improved upon during production.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

42%

50%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemicals, waste, and waste byproducts, as well as fertilizer and pesticide application at the farm level. As a step towards addressing these risks, GOTS requires producers to identify and subsequently reduce wastes generated during production. This is underpinned by regular monitoring.

25%

GOTS producers are required to identify and monitor sources of waste that are generated during production—this is underpinned by conventional recycling practices.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

12%

30%

GOTS requires adherence to statutory or collectively bargained minimum wages and development of a plan to cover the Wage Gap and pay a Living Wage to its Workers. “Piece rate” wages should align with hourly rates. Clean accommodation, sanitation facilities, and rest areas must be provided. Employment conditions should be communicated clearly. Training on labor rights is necessary. Work hours should not exceed 48 per week with 24 consecutive hours of rest. Producers should not use multiple fixed-term contracts to evade obligations.

8%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 29 and 105, prohibiting the use of forced labor and compulsion to work under fear of penalty, including through methods of force or intimidation. These requirements include instances where persons have not offered themselves voluntarily (such as servitude bonded, trafficking, or indentured labor).

21%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 138 or 182, prohibiting child labor, especially at night or in hazardous conditions, safeguarding to protect against the use of child labor, and remediation to ensure the child gets access to appropriate resources (such as education, etc.). If a young worker is employed, it will be done such that access to continued education and/or educational opportunities (technical or vocational training) is provided.

16%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 100 or 111, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of personal characteristics or beliefs, such as race, national extraction, social background, religion, age, disability, marital status, parental status, association or trade union membership, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation or political opinion, and assurance that equal remuneration (including benefits) is provided to men and women workers for work of equal value.

17%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 87, 98, 135 and 154. Producers must respect employees’ rights to freedom of association, union membership, and collective bargaining. GOTS producers should support trade unions, provide resources for organizing and bargaining, protect workers’ representatives from harm, and inform workers about their rights. If restricted by law, alternative means for exercising these rights must be established.

30%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 155 and 187 and national laws and regulations to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions. Producers are required to implement an OHS system, consider industry knowledge and hazards, and protect vulnerable workers. Measures must be taken to prevent accidents and provide personal protective equipment. Access to facilities like toilets and clean water should be provided. Accommodations must meet basic needs. Senior management is responsible for health and safety, and training should be provided.

6%

GOTS requires producers to ensure that living wages for workers are calculated and compared with remuneration data, a plan is developed to cover the wage gap to pay workers a living wage. This addresses some, but not all risks at scale for the livelihoods of workers.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to participate in consultations with local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or that it requires producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GOTS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

11%

GOTS requires producers to implement grievance mechanisms and remediation. Due diligence is in accordance with OECD guidelines and producers must respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; grievances related to harassment or gender-based discrimination are referred to a dedicated sub-process. The grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously, include whistle-blower protection, and support trade unions. Oversight is assigned to senior management and should provide regular training.

13%

GOTS requires producers to implement a gender equality policy to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation (including prohibition of discriminatory hiring based on sex, prohibition of threats of dismissal or negative employment outcome due to marital or pregnancy decisions, and protection of equal opportunity). The encouragement of confidential reporting of abuse and subsequent investigation of abuse is also required.

65%

50%

The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) published their latest Theory of Change (ToC) in March 2023, which provides both visual and textual information. Having a unified GOTS standard allows textile processors and manufacturers to export their fabrics and garments with a single organic certification accepted in major markets. The ToC does not include time-bound or measurable indicators and is not communicated explicitly to its stakeholders.

75%

GOTS has defined a clear procedure for standard development and revisions. The standard document and implementation manual undergo a revision every 3 years, and may continuously be updated between the Standard revisions. Public consultations are held for the revision with multiple stakeholder input rounds. No information is shared on the analysis and research that has gone into the definition of the standard.

50%

All staff, including the advisory council, standards committee, certifiers council, and general staff, are listed on the GOTS website. The organization does not have organization-wide policies for impartiality and inclusiveness. The GOTS webpage provides details about the roles and responsibilities of different teams and departments. Information on becoming a member or participant in GOTS’ governance structure is not clearly available.

100%

The document “Conditions for the use of GOTS Signs” outlines labeling requirements and associated fees for companies in the GOTS program. Certified entities must implement segregation systems to prevent mixing organic and conventional fibers. Clear labeling and identification of organic materials are required in the chain. Misuse of GOTS signs or misleading claims is addressed with potential penalties and termination of rights. Claims can be made on a content-base only, not on an outcome-base.

100%

The assurance document covers supply chain, traceability, and quality assurance policies and procedures for certification and auditing bodies. Clear roles and responsibilities are provided for certification and accreditation bodies. The frequency of audits is specified, including unannounced on-site visits. GOTS has an implementation manual and requires training for auditors. Personnel must have appropriate training and knowledge relevant to the processing facilities.

83%

Accreditation bodies must comply with ISO/IEC Guide 17011. Section 5.2.3.4 explains procedures for addressing minor and major non-conformities, which can lead to suspension or withdrawal. Suspended organizations are publicly disclosed. Certified organizations are not incentivized to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities. Certification bodies can achieve scope and transaction certificates as evidence of their compliance and quality work, and sharing audit data.

25%

GOTS conducts risk-based auditing. Prior to each audit, a risk assessment is conducted for each certified entity and associated subcontractors. Additional audits may be conducted based on the risk assessment, or fewer audits for low-risk entities. However, no separate publicly available risk management plan is found, there is no clear definition or quantification of risk or threat communicated in the documents, and there is no overview of the current risks in the sector.

50%

GOTS provides an elaborate complaint procedure on their website to handle and resolve complaints effectively. Visitors can submit complaints or feedback, which will be evaluated and processed. However, it is unclear who will receive and handle which complaint. After evaluation, the complainant will be informed about the progress and any additional information required. The option for stakeholders to provide input has not been made public.

50%

GOTS has an M&E system which feeds into their Theory of Change: The most recent ToC is based on GOTS’ M&E findings. However there is no tracking of progress towards ToC indicators published. An Annual Report is published, however, evaluation findings are not on outcome- or impact- but on output-level. GOTS does not define what data is available to whom under what circumstances.

28%

8%

0%

13%

13%

8%

0%

0%

25%

47%

48%

44%

13%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

75%

87%

87%

60%

9%

13%

13%

25%

25%

10%

0%

53%

25%

50%

50%

100%

70%

50%

50%

0%

0%

30%

0%

20%

50%

50%

0%

67%

25%

27%

19%

13%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

60%

75%

54%

75%

59%

75%

67%

38%

50%

63%

30%

15%

EU Organic Legislation states that organic production should focus on adaptation to diverse climate conditions and contribute to the protection of the environment and climate. Specific methods and outcomes/thresholds for these requirements, however, are not outlined in the legislation.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology to address the risks present at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

EU Organic highlights responsible energy use as a guiding principle of organic agricultural production, though the legislation does not require commitments to continual improvement on energy efficiency.

25%

EU Organic agricultural production requires climate change mitigation practices and outcomes in the form of beneficial soil health practices to prevent soil degradation and erosion. EU Organic also restricts synthetic chemistry use to mitigate effects of climate change.

15%

EU Organic agricultural production requires water cycling and withdrawal monitoring. It also supports climate resilience through the implementation of soil-enhancing practices.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

25%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon.

47%

Dew-retted flax is 47% less GHG-intensive than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

48%

Dew-retted flax uses 48% fewer fossil fuels than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

45%

25%

Dew-retted fiber poses inherently lower water risks compared to water-retted as crops are primarily rainfed. While water use may be reduced chemical application risks can still negatively impact water resources. EU Organic does, however, prohibit the use of synthetic chemistry and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, addressing some water related risks.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water and air.

0%

While there is no specific water strategy, water use for organic flax is largely rainfed, reducing the water resources required. In addition,
EU Organic prohibits the use of synthetic chemistry and fertilizers, producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, addressing some water related risks.

0%

While there are no specific water strategy requirements, EU Organic prohibits the use of synthetic chemistry and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, addressing some water related risks.

0%

There is no evidence that EU organic outlines specific water consumption resources such as surface, groundwater, rainwater or saltwater in a comprehensive water strategy.

0%

There is no evidence that EU organic outlines potential water contamination resources such as surface, groundwater, rainwater or saltwater in a comprehensive water strategy.

75%

Organic flax is a 100% biobased feedstock. As an organic material, the use of synthetic fertilizer is restricted.

87%

Dew-retted flax causes 87% less water scarcity than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

87%

Dew-retted flax uses 87% less water compared to warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

60%

Dew-retted flax’s eutrophication potential is 60% lower than that of warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

17%

25%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to pesticide and insecticide application. There are requirements in place that compose a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways. These include measures on exposure (human and environment), and chemically-synthesized medicine.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals when preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage so as to mitigate some risks with chemistry at scale for the farm level.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation in the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of synthetic chemicals is prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

25%

EU Organic outlines that soil quality and maintenance are primary objectives for organic flax production.

50%

EU Organic requires state and pressure monitoring for the quality of soil to ensure that the requirements of maintaining and enhancing soil quality are met.

50%

EU Organic production requires the continual improvement of soil health outcomes such as soil organic matter and fertility.

EU Organic highlights many priority soil health outcomes, including nutrient and carbon cycling, soil microbial activity and structure, and chemical content. For dew-retted flax, the field retting process acts as temporary crop residues that have been shown to increase soil carbon.

83.35%

EU Organic requires the use of beneficial soil practices to increase the soil quality long-term. These practices include crop rotations, organic amendments and residues, and minimal tillage.

50%

Common elements of land management in EU Organic agricultural production include the avoidance of practices that cause land degradation and a systems-based approach to land management. Being an organic program, producers must be able to prove that their land and its management meet organic requirements for at least three years prior to certification.

50%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements—such as forests—is required in EU Organic production, specific preventative and restorative actions are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, cut-off dates, as well as specific preventative and restorative actions relating to deforestation, are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, cut-off dates, as well as specific preventative and restorative actions relating to land conversion, are not outlined.

30%

0%

Biodiversity management is a priority objective of organic flax production in the EU. Producers are required to be aware of biodiversity values in the production unit.

20%

Biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity in the production unit.

50%

The maintenance and preservation of biodiversity is a priority objective of organic agriculture in the EU—thus addressing some of the risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

While no requirements on buffer zone maintenance or using native species are present, EU Organic producers are required to maintain habitat corridors in the production area.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic producers are required to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

67%

EU Organic agriculture maintains natural crossing borders and the populations of native species through harvesting plans and restricts many synthetic chemical inputs.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring—whether intervention is taken depends on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

38%

38%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemicals, waste, and waste byproducts, as well as fertilizer and pesticide application at the farm level. However, EU Organic flax requires waste produced in flax-growing to be reused as inputs for later production. In this way, risks of waste streams during production growth are mitigated.

25%

EU Organic flax requires the use of on-field waste and by-products to be returned to the field as organic amendments/inputs. This addresses some of the risks associated with waste at the production level.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalogue of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Monitoring & Evaluation framework (CMEF) to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAP. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist, including on outcome-level. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information sharing among authorities but not with the public. The MEL guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements towards ToC goals were found in the document.

24%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement an emissions management plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement an emission monitoring plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate strategy.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate mitigation plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate adaptation plan.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

47%

Dew-retted flax is 47% less GHG-intensive than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

48%

Dew-retted flax uses 48% fewer fossil fuels than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

44%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water management plan, therefore risks still exist.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water monitoring plan for withdrawal and consumption.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water monitoring plan for contamination.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water strategy for withdrawal and consumption.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water strategy for contamination.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for withdrawal and consumption, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for contamination, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

75%

As a biobased feedstock, flax does not run the risk of oil and gas extraction, though as no commitments to renewable energy are made in OCS, risks of extraction contaminating water still exist.

87%

Dew-retted flax causes 87% less water scarcity than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

87%

Dew-retted flax uses 87% less water compared to warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

60%

Dew-retted flax’s eutrophication potential is 60% lower than that of warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a chemical management plan, therefore risks relating to the use of fertilizers and pesticides include risks to water sources.

0%

As a chain of custody standard, OCS does not contain environmental criteria and therefore does not demonstrate requirements relating to chemical management practices such as handling, labeling, separation or disposal. Consequently, a responsible person and monitoring for continual improvement on these metrics are not present in the standard either.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS producers are required to conduct chemical monitoring or use restricted chemistry lists.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a chemical strategy.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence to suggest that OCS producers are required to implement a comprehensive chemical strategy.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

17%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS producers are required to reduce waste through stated plans, therefore risks of improper chemical management exist.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence to suggest that OCS producers are required to maximize waste through stated plans, despite the fact that flax waste is largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105, and ILO Protocol 29) and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requires large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and, subsequently, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to: implement a health and safety management procedure or system; provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; or designate responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically relating to predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts and for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or for certified producers to take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH)

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. The organization does not have governing policies in place to guarantee impartiality and inclusiveness. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization does publish reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

25%

0%

The main climate risks associated with flax relate to the fertilization process, which utilizes pesticides and herbicides, along with diesel fuel for agricultural machinery. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not conducted to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that an emission strategy is not implemented at the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

10%

Dew-retted flax with no standard system is shown to include beneficial soil health practices; crop rotation and organic amendments, both inherent parts of the production process, support climate mitigation practices.

10%

Dew-retted flax with no standard system is shown to include beneficial soil health practices; crop rotation and organic amendments, both inherent parts of the production process, support climate adaptation practices.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no participation in identifying, protecting, and restoring peat soils and/or areas of below-ground carbon stocks through producer management practices.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no participation in identifying, protecting, and restoring areas of above-ground carbon stocks through producer management practices.

0%

Evidence shows that dew-retted flax sequesters carbon. However, where there is no standard system is in place, it is assumed that monitoring activities are not in place.

47%

Dew-retted flax is 47% less GHG-intensive than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

48%

Dew-retted flax uses 48% fewer fossil fuels than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

43%

0%

Evidence shows that dew-retted flax production is less water-intensive than water-retted flax production. However, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no water risk management plans are implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While dew-retting reduces risks of overusing water, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal or consumption is not conducted, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While the dew-retting process reduces risks of water contamination and harmful discharge, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not conducted, even if individual producers and/or countries have legislation in place.

0%

While the dew-retting process reduces risks of water contamination and harmful discharge, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water withdrawal and efficiency are not prioritized, even if individual producers and/or countries have procedures/legislation in place.

0%

While the dew-retting process reduces risks of water contamination and harmful discharge, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water quality and contamination are not prioritized, even if individual producers and/or countries have procedures/legislation in place.

0%

While dew-retting reduces risks of overusing water, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not implemented, and therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

While the dew-retting process reduces risks of water contamination and harmful discharge, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not implemented, and therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

63%

As a biobased feedstock, flax does not run the risk of oil and gas extraction, though where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no commitments to renewable energy are made.

87%

Dew-retted flax causes 87% less water scarcity than warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

87%

Dew-retted flax uses 87% less water compared to warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

60%

Dew-retted flax’s eutrophication potential is 60% lower than that of warm water-retted flax when using data from the Higg MSI.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management monitoring or restricted chemistry lists are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management outcomes are not prioritized outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical strategy is not a prioritized outcome outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

5%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management plans are not designed or implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health outcomes are not identified, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

33%

There is evidence that flax is a rotation crop, whether dew- or water-retted. Dew-retting flax additionally means that crop residues are left as part of the production process.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land health is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate deforestation on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate land conversion on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that identification of key biodiversity values and procedures to maintain them are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not prioritized and a strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to take action to reduce impacts to habitats and ecosystems, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to protect and/or restore habitats and ecosystems, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to promote species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to identify and remove invasive species, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

22%

15%

Flax waste is largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments. However, there are risks associated with improper management of chemical waste at the farm level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to reduce waste through stated plans, therefore risks remain.

0%

Flax waste and by-products are largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments, indicating that components of waste stream separating and organization are taking place conventionally. However, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to utilize, track or evaluate waste streams within production processes, therefore risks remain.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence for prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work; and requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core theory of change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence for producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts and for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation and for certified producers to take steps to address risks of Gender Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH)

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

8%

33%

6%

38%

25%

8%

0%

0%

15%

0%

0%

14%

33%

25%

25%

25%

25%

0%

13%

75%

0%

0%

0%

23%

38%

50%

56%

50%

38%

0%

51%

25%

50%

50%

100%

83%

50%

50%

0%

0%

30%

0%

20%

50%

50%

0%

67%

25%

40%

44%

25%

50%

12%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

54%

63%

54%

50%

59%

84%

83%

25%

25%

47%

6%

15%

EU Organic Legislation states that organic production should focus on adaptation to diverse climate conditions and contribute to the protection of the environment and climate. Specific methods and outcomes/thresholds for these requirements, however, are not outlined in the legislation.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology to address the risks present at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

EU Organic highlights responsible energy use as a guiding principle of organic agricultural production, though no commitments to continual improvement on energy efficiency are required by the legislation.

25%

EU Organic agricultural production requires climate change mitigation practices and outcomes in the form of beneficial soil health practices to prevent soil degradation and erosion. EU Organic also restricts synthetic chemistry use to mitigate effects of climate change.

15%

EU Organic agricultural production requires water cycling and withdrawal monitoring. It also supports climate resilience through the implementation of soil-enhancing practices.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

15%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon. As carbon sequestration data from the EU refers specifically to dew-retted flax, these figures don’t exactly reflect water-retted sequestration values.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

6%

15%

EU Organic agriculture results in a lower-risk fiber, regarding water risks; the legislation prohibits synthetic chemistry, and crops are primarily rainfed. In fulfilling the requirement to not exploit water resources and quality, EU Organic producers must be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

While there is no specific water strategy requirement, EU Organic prohibits the use of synthetic chemistry and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, thus addressing some water-related risks.

0%

While there are no specific water strategy requirements, EU Organic prohibits the use of synthetic chemistry and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, thus addressing some water-related risks.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines specific water consumption resources such as surface, groundwater, rainwater or saltwater in a comprehensive water strategy.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines potential water contamination resources such as surface, groundwater, rainwater or saltwater in a comprehensive water strategy.

75%

Organic flax is a 100% biobased feedstock. As an organic material, the use of synthetic fertilizer is restricted.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

17%

25%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to water-retting and corresponding chemical use and discharge. There are requirements in place that compose a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways. These include measures on exposure (human and environment), and chemically-synthesized medicine.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals when preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage so as to mitigate some risks with chemistry at scale for the farm level.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation in the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of synthetic chemicals is prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

51%

25%

EU Organic outlines that soil quality and maintenance are primary objectives for organic flax production.

50%

EU Organic requires state and pressure monitoring for the quality of soil to ensure that the requirements of maintaining and enhancing soil quality are met.

50%

EU Organic production requires the continual improvement of soil health outcomes such as soil organic matter and fertility.

100%

EU Organic highlights many priority soil health outcomes, including nutrient and carbon cycling, soil microbial activity and structure, and chemical content.

70%

EU Organic requires the use of beneficial soil practices to increase the soil quality long-term. These practices include crop rotations, organic amendments and residues, and minimal tillage.

50%

Common elements of land management in EU Organic agricultural production include the avoidance of practices that cause land degradation and a systems-based approach to land management. Being an organic program, producers must be able to prove that their land and its management meet organic requirements for at least three years prior to certification.

50%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements—such as forests—is required in EU Organic production, specific preventative and restorative actions are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, cut-off dates, as well as specific preventative and restorative actions relating to deforestation, are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, cut-off dates, as well as specific preventative and restorative actions relating to land conversion, are not outlined.

30%

0%

Biodiversity management is a priority objective of organic flax production in the EU. Producers are required to be aware of biodiversity values in the production unit.

20%

Biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity in the production unit.

50%

The maintenance and preservation of biodiversity is a priority objective of organic agriculture in the EU—thus addressing some of the risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

While no requirements on buffer zone maintenance or using native species are present, EU Organic producers are required to maintain habitat corridors in the production area.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic producers are required to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

67%

EU Organic agriculture maintains natural crossing borders and the populations of native species through harvesting plans and restricts many synthetic chemical inputs.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring—whether intervention is taken depends on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

38%

38%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemical and pesticide application, as well as harmful discharge resulting from the retting process at the farm level. However, EU Organic flax requires waste produced in flax-growing to be reused as inputs for later production. In this way, risks of waste streams during production growth are mitigated.

25%

EU Organic flax requires the use of on-field waste and by-products to be returned to the field as organic amendments/inputs. This addresses some of the risks associated with waste at the production level.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalogue of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Monitoring & Evaluation framework (CMEF) to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAP. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist, including on outcome-level. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information sharing among authorities but not with the public. The MEL guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements towards ToC goals were found in the document.

9%

50%

GOTS producers are required to comply with local and national environmental laws on emissions to air, wastewater discharge and disposal of waste and sludge. Additionally, producers are required to demonstrate an environmental policy, stating responsibilities, consumption data, and target goals to reduce energy and water use.

13%

GOTS requires producers to monitor their Scope 1 emissions in the form of criteria to identify—and subsequently reduce—GHG emissions arising from production.

50%

GOTS production criteria state that improvements on energy use and emissions are to be identified and measured—with the goal of reducing those identified emissions over time.

25%

GOTS producers are required to follow a hazardous chemical ban and make commitments to continually improving energy efficiency.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to implement a climate adaptation plan.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

22%

50%

Water-retted fiber poses inherently higher water risks compared to dew-retted fiber. Additionally, chemical application risks can negatively impact water resources. GOTS requires producers to utilize minimal synthetic chemistry and develop plans that identify water use and quality, as well as ways to improve on these figures, to reduce water-related risks.

50%

GOTS production requires producers to use natural resources such as water responsibly. Requirements for certification include monitoring the use of water resources and demonstrating withdrawal monitoring at state and pressure levels.

50%

GOTS production requires regular water contamination/quality monitoring at the state and pressure levels.

50%

GOTS production requires producers to monitor water use/withdrawal with the aim of continually reducing the impacts that water withdrawal has on the ecosystem surrounding production units.

50%

GOTS production requires producers to monitor water contamination with the aim of continually reducing the impacts that water contamination and discharge have on the ecosystem surrounding production units.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS certification outlines specific water resources, such as surface or groundwater, in the avoidance of water overuse in production.

25%

GOTS requires producers to outline surface water quality as a prioritized objective—one that is underpinned by regular monitoring and a continuous improvement framework.

75%

Flax is 100% biobased and does not run the risk of oil and gas extraction. While GOTS does implement low chemical input, there is no synthetic chemical restriction or commitment to renewable energy.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

29%

50%

GOTS producers are required to have a written environmental policy and procedures in place to monitor and minimize waste and discharge, including staff training on chemicals with an annual onsite review.

75%

GOTS outlines requirements for producers in relation to chemical management such as separation from other chemicals, labeling (Material Safety Data Sheets), handling, and disposal. Furthermore, training is provided to workers to ensure the retention of best practices in chemical management, and a responsible person is nominated to facilitate the chemical side of GOTS compliance.

63%

GOTS producers are required to use only inputs in its GOTS Positive list, which aligns with international conventions. Additionally, chemical monitoring takes place in the form of maintaining discharge and effluent limits. Results of this monitoring guide remediation actions.

50%

GOTS producers are required to continually promote a non-toxic environment through the restriction of synthetic chemicals and fertilizers. GOTS also requires producers to reduce levels of chemicals used and discharged during production.

55%

GOTS production requires limits to chemical discharge into water and discharge of sludge to be put in place and improved upon during production.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

42%

50%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemical and pesticide application, as well as harmful discharge resulting from the retting process at the farm level. As a step towards addressing these risks, GOTS requires producers to identify and subsequently reduce wastes generated during production. This is underpinned by regular monitoring.

25%

GOTS producers are required to identify and monitor sources of waste that are generated during production—this is underpinned by conventional recycling practices.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

11.66%

30%

GOTS requires adherence to statutory or collectively bargained minimum wages and development of a plan to cover the Wage Gap and pay a Living Wage to its Workers. “Piece rate” wages should align with hourly rates. Clean accommodation, sanitation facilities, and rest areas must be provided. Employment conditions should be communicated clearly. Training on labor rights is necessary. Work hours should not exceed 48 per week with 24 consecutive hours of rest. Producers should not use multiple fixed-term contracts to evade obligations.

8%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 29 and 105, prohibiting the use of forced labor and compulsion to work under fear of penalty, including through methods of force or intimidation. These requirements include instances where persons have not offered themselves voluntarily (such as servitude bonded, trafficking, or indentured labor).

21%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 138 or 182, prohibiting child labor, especially at night or in hazardous conditions, safeguarding to protect against the use of child labor, and remediation to ensure the child gets access to appropriate resources (such as education, etc.). If a young worker is employed, it will be done such that access to continued education and/or educational opportunities (technical or vocational training) is provided.

16%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 100 or 111, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of personal characteristics or beliefs, such as race, national extraction, social background, religion, age, disability, marital status, parental status, association or trade union membership, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation or political opinion, and assurance that equal remuneration (including benefits) is provided to men and women workers for work of equal value.

17%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 87, 98, 135 and 154. Producers must respect employees’ rights to freedom of association, union membership, and collective bargaining. GOTS producers should support trade unions, provide resources for organizing and bargaining, protect workers’ representatives from harm, and inform workers about their rights. If restricted by law, alternative means for exercising these rights must be established.

30%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 155 and 187 and national laws and regulations to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions. Producers are required to implement an OHS system, consider industry knowledge and hazards, and protect vulnerable workers. Measures must be taken to prevent accidents and provide personal protective equipment. Access to facilities like toilets and clean water should be provided. Accommodations must meet basic needs. Senior management is responsible for health and safety, and training should be provided.

6%

GOTS requires producers to ensure that living wages for workers are calculated and compared with remuneration data, a plan is developed to cover the wage gap to pay workers a living wage. This addresses some, but not all risks at scale for the livelihoods of workers.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to participate in consultations with local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or that it requires producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GOTS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

11%

GOTS requires producers to implement grievance mechanisms and remediation. Due diligence is in accordance with OECD guidelines and producers must respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; grievances related to harassment or gender-based discrimination are referred to a dedicated sub-process. The grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously, include whistle-blower protection, and support trade unions. Oversight is assigned to senior management and should provide regular training.

13%

GOTS requires producers to implement a gender equality policy to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation (including prohibition of discriminatory hiring based on sex, prohibition of threats of dismissal or negative employment outcome due to marital or pregnancy decisions, and protection of equal opportunity). The encouragement of confidential reporting of abuse and subsequent investigation of abuse is also required.

65%

50%

The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) published their latest Theory of Change (ToC) in March 2023, which provides both visual and textual information. Having a unified GOTS standard allows textile processors and manufacturers to export their fabrics and garments with a single organic certification accepted in major markets. The ToC does not include time-bound or measurable indicators and is not communicated explicitly to its stakeholders.

75%

GOTS has defined a clear procedure for standard development and revisions. The standard document and implementation manual undergo a revision every 3 years, and may continuously be updated between the Standard revisions. Public consultations are held for the revision with multiple stakeholder input rounds. No information is shared on the analysis and research that has gone into the definition of the standard.

50%

All staff, including the advisory council, standards committee, certifiers council, and general staff, are listed on the GOTS website. The organization does not have organization-wide policies for impartiality and inclusiveness. The GOTS webpage provides details about the roles and responsibilities of different teams and departments. Information on becoming a member or participant in GOTS’ governance structure is not clearly available.

100%

The document “Conditions for the use of GOTS Signs” outlines labeling requirements and associated fees for companies in the GOTS program. Certified entities must implement segregation systems to prevent mixing organic and conventional fibers. Clear labeling and identification of organic materials are required in the chain. Misuse of GOTS signs or misleading claims is addressed with potential penalties and termination of rights. Claims can be made on a content-base only, not on an outcome-base.

100%

The assurance document covers supply chain, traceability, and quality assurance policies and procedures for certification and auditing bodies. Clear roles and responsibilities are provided for certification and accreditation bodies. The frequency of audits is specified, including unannounced on-site visits. GOTS has an implementation manual and requires training for auditors. Personnel must have appropriate training and knowledge relevant to the processing facilities.

83%

Accreditation bodies must comply with ISO/IEC Guide 17011. Section 5.2.3.4 explains procedures for addressing minor and major non-conformities, which can lead to suspension or withdrawal. Suspended organizations are publicly disclosed. Certified organizations are not incentivized to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities. Certification bodies can achieve scope and transaction certificates as evidence of their compliance and quality work, and sharing audit data.

25%

GOTS conducts risk-based auditing. Prior to each audit, a risk assessment is conducted for each certified entity and associated subcontractors. Additional audits may be conducted based on the risk assessment, or fewer audits for low-risk entities. However, no separate publicly available risk management plan is found, there is no clear definition or quantification of risk or threat communicated in the documents, and there is no overview of the current risks in the sector.

50%

GOTS provides an elaborate complaint procedure on their website to handle and resolve complaints effectively. Visitors can submit complaints or feedback, which will be evaluated and processed. However, it is unclear who will receive and handle which complaint. After evaluation, the complainant will be informed about the progress and any additional information required. The option for stakeholders to provide input has not been made public.

50%

GOTS has an M&E system which feeds into their Theory of Change: The most recent ToC is based on GOTS’ M&E findings. However there is no tracking of progress towards ToC indicators published. An Annual Report is published, however, evaluation findings are not on outcome- or impact- but on output-level. GOTS does not define what data is available to whom under what circumstances.

3%

8%

0%

13%

13%

7.5%

0%

0%

7.5%

0%

0%

5%

8%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

75%

0%

0%

0%

9%

13%

13%

25%

25%

10%

0%

51%

25%

50%

50%

100%

70%

50%

50%

0%

0%

30%

0%

20%

50%

50%

0%

67%

25%

27%

19%

13%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

60%

75%

54%

75%

59%

75%

67%

38%

50%

63%

6%

15%

EU Organic Legislation states that organic production should focus on adaptation to diverse climate conditions and contribute to the protection of the environment and climate. Specific methods and outcomes/thresholds for these requirements, however, are not outlined in the legislation.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology to address the risks present at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

EU Organic highlights responsible energy use as a guiding principle of organic agricultural production, though no commitments to continual improvement on energy efficiency are required by the legislation.

25%

EU Organic agricultural production requires climate change mitigation practices and outcomes in the form of beneficial soil health practices to prevent soil degradation and erosion. EU Organic also restricts synthetic chemistry use to mitigate effects of climate change.

15%

EU Organic agricultural production requires water cycling and withdrawal monitoring. It also supports climate resilience through the implementation of soil-enhancing practices.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

15%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon. As carbon sequestration data from the EU refers specifically to dew-retted flax, these figures don’t exactly reflect water-retted sequestration values.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

6%

15%

EU Organic agriculture results in a lower-risk fiber, regarding water risks; the legislation prohibits synthetic chemistry, and crops are primarily rainfed. In fulfilling the requirement to not exploit water resources and quality, EU Organic producers must be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

While there is no specific water strategy requirement, EU Organic prohibits the use of synthetic chemistry and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, thus addressing some water-related risks.

0%

While there are no specific water strategy requirements, EU Organic prohibits the use of synthetic chemistry and producers are required to be aware of water use principles and maintain water health values, thus addressing some water-related risks.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines specific water consumption resources such as surface, groundwater, rainwater or saltwater in a comprehensive water strategy.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic outlines potential water contamination resources such as surface, groundwater, rainwater or saltwater in a comprehensive water strategy.

75%

Organic flax is a 100% biobased feedstock. As an organic material, the use of synthetic fertilizer is restricted.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

17%

25%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to water-retting and corresponding chemical use and discharge. There are requirements in place that compose a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways. These include measures on exposure (human and environment), and chemically-synthesized medicine.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals when preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage so as to mitigate some risks with chemistry at scale for the farm level.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation in the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of synthetic chemicals is prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

51%

25%

EU Organic outlines that soil quality and maintenance are primary objectives for organic flax production.

50%

EU Organic requires state and pressure monitoring for the quality of soil to ensure that the requirements of maintaining and enhancing soil quality are met.

50%

EU Organic production requires the continual improvement of soil health outcomes such as soil organic matter and fertility.

100%

EU Organic highlights many priority soil health outcomes, including nutrient and carbon cycling, soil microbial activity and structure, and chemical content.

70%

EU Organic requires the use of beneficial soil practices to increase the soil quality long-term. These practices include crop rotations, organic amendments and residues, and minimal tillage.

50%

Common elements of land management in EU Organic agricultural production include the avoidance of practices that cause land degradation and a systems-based approach to land management. Being an organic program, producers must be able to prove that their land and its management meet organic requirements for at least three years prior to certification.

50%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements—such as forests—is required in EU Organic production, specific preventative and restorative actions are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, cut-off dates, as well as specific preventative and restorative actions relating to deforestation, are not outlined.

0%

While the preservation of natural landscape elements is required in EU Organic production, cut-off dates, as well as specific preventative and restorative actions relating to land conversion, are not outlined.

30%

0%

Biodiversity management is a priority objective of organic flax production in the EU. Producers are required to be aware of biodiversity values in the production unit.

20%

Biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity in the production unit.

50%

The maintenance and preservation of biodiversity is a priority objective of organic agriculture in the EU—thus addressing some of the risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

While no requirements on buffer zone maintenance or using native species are present, EU Organic producers are required to maintain habitat corridors in the production area.

0%

There is no evidence that EU Organic producers are required to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization, even if individual producers have procedures in place.

67%

EU Organic agriculture maintains natural crossing borders and the populations of native species through harvesting plans and restricts many synthetic chemical inputs.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring—whether intervention is taken depends on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

38%

38%

The main risks associated with waste are linked to the improper management of chemical and pesticide application, as well as harmful discharge resulting from the retting process at the farm level. However, EU Organic flax requires waste produced in flax-growing to be reused as inputs for later production. In this way, risks of waste streams during production growth are mitigated.

25%

EU Organic flax requires the use of on-field waste and by-products to be returned to the field as organic amendments/inputs. This addresses some of the risks associated with waste at the production level.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalogue of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Monitoring & Evaluation framework (CMEF) to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAP. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist, including on outcome-level. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information sharing among authorities but not with the public. The MEL guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements towards ToC goals were found in the document.

0%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS require producers to implement an emissions management plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement an emission monitoring plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate strategy.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate mitigation plan.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate adaptation plan.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

5%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water management plan, therefore risks still exist.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water monitoring plan for withdrawal and consumption.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water monitoring plan for contamination.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water strategy for withdrawal and consumption.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water strategy for contamination.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for withdrawal and consumption, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for contamination, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

75%

As a biobased feedstock, flax does not run the risk of oil and gas extraction, though as no commitments to renewable energy are made in OCS, risks of extraction contaminating water still exist.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a chemical management plan, therefore risks relating to the use of fertilizers and pesticides include risks to water sources.

0%

As a chain of custody standard, OCS does not contain environmental criteria and therefore does not demonstrate requirements relating to chemical management practices such as handling, labeling, separation or disposal. Consequently, a responsible person and monitoring for continual improvement on these metrics are not present in the standard either.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS producers are required to conduct chemical monitoring or use restricted chemistry lists.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a chemical strategy.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence to suggest that OCS producers are required to implement a comprehensive chemical strategy.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

17%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS producers are required to reduce waste through stated plans, therefore risks of improper chemical management exist.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence to suggest that OCS producers are required to maximize waste through stated plans, despite the fact that flax waste is largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for a minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO Conventions 29 and 105, and ILO Protocol 29) and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work, or requires large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and, subsequently, more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value, as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to: implement a health and safety management procedure or system; provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; or designate responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically relating to predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts and for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or for certified producers to take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH)

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. The organization does not have governing policies in place to guarantee impartiality and inclusiveness. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization does publish reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress towards set targets.

1%

0%

The main climate risks associated with flax relate to the fertilization process, which utilizes pesticides and herbicides, along with diesel fuel for agricultural machinery. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emissions management is not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not conducted to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that an emission strategy is not implemented at the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

5%

Water-retted flax with no standard system is shown to include beneficial soil health practices; crop rotation is an inherent part of the production process. However, unlike dew-retted flax, no organic amendments are shown to be left after harvest.

5%

Water-retted flax with no standard system is shown to include beneficial soil health practices such as crop rotation, an inherent part of the production process. However, unlike dew-retted flax, no organic amendments are shown to be left after harvest.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no participation in identifying, protecting, and restoring peat soils and/or areas of below-ground carbon stocks through producer management practices.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no participation in identifying, protecting, and restoring areas of above-ground carbon stocks through producer management practices.

0%

Evidence shows that water-retted flax sequesters carbon. However, where there is no standard system is in place, it is assumed that monitoring activities are not in place.

0%

Water-retted flax with no standard system is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax with no standard system is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

4%

0%

Water-retting increases the risks of harmful water and chemical discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water management plans are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Water-retting increases risks of poor water use efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal or consumption is not conducted, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Water-retting increases the risks of harmful water and chemical discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not conducted, even if individual producers and/or countries have procedures/legislation in place.

0%

Water-retting increases risks of poor water use efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Water-retting increases the risks of harmful water and chemical discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Water-retting increases risks of poor water use efficiency. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not implemented, and therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

Water-retting increases the risks of harmful water and chemical discharge. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not implemented, and therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

63%

As a biobased feedstock, flax does not run the risk of oil and gas extraction, though where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no commitments to renewable energy are made.

0%

Water-retted flax with no standard system is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax with no standard system is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

Water-retted flax with no standard system is the baseline for flax with the highest MSI impacts.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management monitoring or restricted chemistry lists are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management outcomes are not prioritized outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical strategy is not a prioritized outcome outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Water-retted and dew-retted flax score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

3%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management plans are not designed or implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health outcomes are not identified, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

16.67%

There is evidence that flax is a rotation crop, whether dew- or water-retted. As a water-retted fiber, production does not include the use of crop residues that would be present in a dew-retted production process.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land health is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate deforestation on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate land conversion on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that identification of key biodiversity values and procedures to maintain them are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not prioritized and a strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to take action to reduce impacts to habitats and ecosystems, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to protect and/or restore habitats and ecosystems, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to promote species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to identify and remove invasive species, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

22%

15%

Flax waste is largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments. However, risks associated with waste at the farm level are linked to improper management of chemicals and pesticide application, as well as harmful discharge resulting from the retting process. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to reduce waste through stated plans, therefore risks remain.

0%

Flax waste and by-products are largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments, indicating that components of waste stream separation and organization are taking place conventionally. However, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to utilize, track or evaluate waste streams within production processes, therefore risks remain.

50%

Flax is a perennial plant and a renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs in production are shown to be made.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence for prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work; and requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core theory of change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence for producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts and for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation and for certified producers to take steps to address risks of Gender Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH)

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Climate
Water
Chemistry
Land Use
Biodiversity
Resource Use and Waste
Human Rights
Animal Welfare
Initiative Integrity
EU Organic Wool F
GOTS
IP CoC
EU Organic Wool F
GOTS Certified IP CoC
EU Organic Wool F
OCS
IP CoC
EU Organic Wool F
OCS Certified IP CoC
Recycled Wool – GRS Certified R CoC
Recycled Wool – RCS Certified R, CoC
Responsible Wool Standard F
Wool with no standard system F
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Emission Management
Emission Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Emission Strategy
Climate Mitigation
Climate Adaptation
Protection of Peat Soils and Below-Ground Carbon Stocks
Protection of Above-Ground Carbon Stocks
Evidence of Soil Carbon Sequestration
Global Warming Potential [Higg MSI]
Abiotic Resource Depletion, Fossil Fuels  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Water Risk Management
Water Monitoring (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Water Monitoring (Contamination)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Ambitiousness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Withdrawal and Consumption)
Comprehensiveness of Water Strategy (Contamination)
Impacts of Oil and Gas Extraction on Surface and Groundwater
Water Scarcity [Higg MSI] 
Water Consumption  [Higg MSI]
Eutrophication potential [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Chemical Management Procedures
Chemical Management Practices
Chemical Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Chemical Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Chemical Strategy
Chemistry  [Higg MSI]
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Soil Health Management
Soil Health Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Soil Health Strategy
Comprehensiveness of Soil Health Strategy
Rangeland Management for animal fibers
Land Management Planning
Ambitiousness of Land Strategy
Deforestation
Land Conversion
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Biodiversity Management Planning
Biodiversity Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Biodiversity Strategy
Habitat and Ecosystem Diversity
Habitat Protection and Restoration
Species and Genetic Diversity
Attention to Invasive Species
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Reducing Waste in Production Processes
Maximizing Values of Waste Streams
Consumption Through Feedstock Selection
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Wages and working conditions
Forced Labor
Child Labor
Non-discrimination
Freedom of Association
Occupational Health and Safety
Livelihoods: predictability and stability of income
Indigenous peoples and customary land rights
Land rights
Community consultation and engagement (right to participation)
Enabling environment for human rights realization
Grievance and remedy
Prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence and harassment
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Animal Welfare Management
Animal Welfare Monitoring
Ambitiousness of Animal Welfare Strategy
Nutrition
Living Environment
Animal Health
Handling and Transport
Intensity of Farming System
Impact
area level
Impact area performance %
Theory of Change
Standard-setting procedures
Governance
Claims management
Assurance oversight
Enforcement mechanism
Risk management
Feedback, Complaints & Grievances
Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning system

8%

33%

6%

38%

25%

8%

0%

0%

15%

0%

0%

14%

38%

25%

25%

25%

25%

0%

13%

75%

0%

0%

0%

23%

38%

50%

57%

50%

40%

0%

48%

25%

50%

50%

100%

25%

50%

50%

0%

0%

30%

0%

20%

50%

50%

0%

67%

25%

40%

44%

25%

50%

12%

30%

8%

21%

16%

17%

30%

6%

0%

0%

0%

0%

11%

13%

56%

40%

25%

75%

50%

75%

78%

33%

75%

54%

63%

54%

50%

59%

84%

83%

25%

25%

47%

6%

15%

The farm level for wool represents the greatest risk for global warming due to methane emissions (enteric and waste) and nitrous oxide (waste and fertilizer application). There are requirements that demonstrate an understanding of emission sources, impacts, and how to reduce them, as well as an encouragement of best practices to build climate resilience. These address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required at scale to address the risks present for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

There is some evidence that GHG emissions are named as a prioritized outcome, as there is a requirement that producers contribute to climate protection in management at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that lower-carbon production processes are utilized—the prohibition of synthetic fertilizer, soil health practices, etc.

15%

There is evidence that one set of climate resiliency practices is required (soil health practices).

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

15%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon.

0%

No organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for global warming potential.

0%

No organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for abiotic resource depletion.

6%

25%

The majority of water use takes place at the farm level and is provided as drinking water for the flock. There are also risks related to chemical application, as these can negatively impact water resources. There are requirements in place for adequate drinking water to be provided, as well as requirements that water quantity and quality are maintained and enhanced. These address some risks at scale for the farm level and constitute elements of a water risk management plan.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water contamination is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that prioritized metrics for water health related to withdrawal are utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that prioritized metrics for water health related to contamination are utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

75%

Wool is inherently a biobased feedstock that is renewable. There is evidence that most, but not all, synthetic chemicals are prohibited, which address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores lowest in relation to water scarcity, when using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to water consumption. As no RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to eutrophication potential. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

17%

25%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to pesticide and insecticide applications. There are requirements in place that compose a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways and encourage practices and procedures that maintain and enhance chemical management. These include measures on exposure (human and environment), chemically synthesized medicine, and more.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals where preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address, to varying levels, the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage to address some risks with chemistry at scale for the farm level.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation in the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of many synthetic chemicals is prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate a comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

0%

Wool with no standard system and recycled wool score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

48%

25%

The main risks associated with soil health at the farm level for wool are related to overgrazing, which can cause soil erosion and other issues that are detrimental to soil. There is evidence that a management plan is in place that addresses soil concerns holistically, as a part of a greater system connected to other areas.

50%

There is evidence that requirements are in place for monitoring pressures and the state of soil through an emphasis on preventing soil erosion, maintaining and enhancing soil quality, combating loss of soil organic matter, and more.

50%

There is evidence that requirements are in place to name soil health as a prioritized outcome and demonstrate continuous improvement to outcomes related to soil health—starting with reducing negative pressures and moving towards positive contributions.

100%

There is evidence that requirements are in place for soil microbial health, soil carbon cycle, soil structural health, soil water cycle, soil nutrient cycle, and soil chemical balance to be named as prioritized metrics to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that requirements are in place to provide educational resources on the importance of considering various grass varieties for rangeland management at scale for the farm level.

50%

The main risks associated with land use for wool are connected to overgrazing and land degradation. There is evidence that requirements are in place for components of a land management plan that is site-adapted, reviewed annually, adaptive, and updated appropriately to address some risks at scale at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that land health is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement toward land health outcomes is demonstrated due to an emphasis on preserving, protecting, and enhancing soil and biodiversity health.

0%

There is no evidence that there are commitments to any deforestation cutoff dates or reductions in risk related to deforestation. While there are some country-specific organic standards that include this, such requirements are in excess of the EU Organic regulation.

0%

There is no evidence that there are commitments to any deforestation cutoff dates or reductions in risk related to deforestation. While there are some country-specific organic standards that include this, these requirements are in excess of the EU Organic regulation.

30%

0%

The main risks associated with biodiversity are deforestation and land degradation, as well as pesticide and insecticide use at the farm level. There is no evidence that a management plan is required to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers act upon aspirational recommendations that go beyond what is required.

20%

There is evidence that biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity in the production unit. This addresses some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

50%

Producers are required to maintain or enhance biodiversity values, both for crop and non-crop habitats on the production unit.

50%

Producers are required to encourage the preservation of rare and native livestock breeds and to manage livestock to protect water sources. These address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

There is no evidence that there are requirements in place for producers to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

67%

There is evidence that producers are required to demonstrate consideration for species and genetic diversity in the prohibition of hunting, fishing, or gathering of threatened and endangered plant and animal species, through the protection of migration pathways, the restriction of synthetic inputs, and the hunting or collection of any native wildlife or plants inside the management unit, unless collection or hunting is sustainable, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring; whether intervention is taken is dependent on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

38%

38%

There are a number of different by-products and wastes that result from wool sourcing, but one of the main sources is lanolin. Others include suint, straw, dried grass, dirt, and proteinaceous material. There is evidence that a waste reduction plan is in place and that raw material usage and efficiency rates are tracked to address risks at scale for the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that waste streams are monitored for reuse and recycling and that conventional recycling does take place. These address some risks at scale at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that EU Organic Legislation requires the feedstock to be completely biobased and therefore renewable.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

56%

40%

Animal welfare risks take place at the farm level, as opposed to during scouring. These risks include those linked to nutrition, living environment, health, handling and transport, intensity, etc. There is evidence that animal welfare management is utilized, and each farm must ensure that animal management is aligned with farm conditions to deliver the requirements of the organic regulation.

25%

There is some evidence that animal welfare monitoring for causes of poor animal welfare is utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level.

75%

There is evidence that animal welfare is named as a prioritized outcome with documentation in place, continuous improvement to outcomes is demonstrated, and no expansion or intensification is required to address some risks at scale at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that food quantity and nutritional quality appropriate for animals’ age and needs are provided, as well as an adequate supply of drinking water, which addresses some risks at scale at the farm level.

75%

There is evidence that animals have access to pasture, routine close-confinement is not permitted, and the conditions and facilities needed for health, safety, comfort, and natural behavior are provided.

78%

There is evidence that animal health is prioritized, including: animal welfare checks, treatment of sick/injured animals, painful procedures only carried out when necessary, breeding suitable for correct environment, artificial breeding only carried out when necessary, and slaughter minimizes pain and distress (stunning required).

33%

There is evidence that handling and transport is prioritized insofar as the abuse and mistreatment of animals is unacceptable and animals should be handled humanely, in turn building positive relationships. However, parallel production, live shipping, and taking special care of animals that have special needs are not required in production.

75%

There is evidence that hybrid extensive systems are utilized, as well as the prohibition of prolonged close confinement. These address many, but not all, risks at scale at the farm level.

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalog of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Monitoring & Evaluation framework (CMEF) to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAP. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist, including on outcome-level. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information sharing among authorities but not with the public. The MEL guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements towards ToC goals were found in the document.

14%

50%

GOTS producers are required to comply with local and national environmental laws on emissions to air, wastewater discharge and disposal of waste and sludge. Additionally, producers are required to demonstrate an environmental policy, stating responsibilities, consumption data, and target goals to reduce energy and water use.

13%

GOTS requires producers to monitor their Scope 1 emissions in the form of criteria to identify—and subsequently reduce—GHG emissions arising from production.

50%

GOTS production criteria state that improvements on energy use and emissions are to be identified and measured—with the goal of reducing those identified emissions over time.

25%

GOTS producers are required to follow a hazardous chemical ban and make commitments to continually improving energy efficiency.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to implement a climate adaptation plan.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

No organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for global warming potential.

0%

No organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for abiotic resource depletion.

22%

50%

GOTS producers are required to develop plans that identify water use and quality, as well as ways to improve on these figures, demonstrating a regionally-specific management plan.

50%

GOTS requires producers to use natural resources such as water responsibly. Requirements for certification include monitoring the use of water resources, and demonstrating withdrawal monitoring at state and pressure levels.

50%

GOTS production requires regular water contamination/quality monitoring at the state and pressure levels.

50%

GOTS production requires producers to monitor water use/withdrawal, with the aim of continually reducing the impacts that water withdrawal has on the ecosystem surrounding production units.

50%

GOTS production requires producers to monitor water contamination, with the aim of continually reducing the impacts that water contamination and discharge have on the ecosystem surrounding production units.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS certification outlines specific water resources, such as surface or groundwater, in the avoidance of water overuse in production.

25%

GOTS requires producers to outline surface water quality as a prioritized objective—one that is underpinned by regular monitoring and a continuous improvement framework.

75%

Organic wool is 100% biobased and does not run risks of oil and gas extraction. While GOTS does implement low chemical input, there is no synthetic chemical restriction or commitment to renewable energy.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores lowest in relation to water scarcity when using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to water consumption. As no RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to eutrophication potential. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

29%

50%

GOTS requires site-attuned chemical management plans that are reviewed annually, including continuous improvement clauses on reductions of chemical discharge over time, and include a responsible person to oversee the chemical management-related processes during production.

75%

GOTS outlines requirements for producers in relation to chemical management such as separation from other chemicals, labeling (Material Safety Data Sheets), handling, and disposal. Furthermore, training is provided to workers to ensure the retention of best practices in chemical management, and a responsible person is nominated to facilitate the chemical side of GOTS compliance.

63%

GOTS producers are required to use only inputs in its GOTS Positive list, which aligns with international conventions. Additionally, chemical monitoring takes place in the form of maintaining discharge and effluent limits; results of this monitoring guide remediation actions.

50%

GOTS producers are required to continually promote a non-toxic environment through the restriction of synthetic chemicals and fertilizers. GOTS also requires producers to reduce levels of chemicals used and discharged during production.

60%

GOTS production demonstrates a comprehensive water strategy with limits to chemical discharge into water and discharge of sludge during production.

0%

Wool with no standard system and recycled wool score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

42%

50%

GOTS requires producers to identify, and subsequently reduce, waste generated during production. This is underpinned by regular monitoring.

25%

GOTS producers are required to identify and monitor sources of waste that are generated during production. This is underpinned by conventional recycling practices.

50%

GOTS Wool is inherently a biobased, renewable feedstock—though no commitments to using recycled inputs are evident.

12%

30%

GOTS requires adherence to statutory or collectively bargained minimum wages and to develop a plan to cover the Wage Gap and pay a Living Wage to its Workers. “Piece rate” wages should align with hourly rates. Clean accommodation, sanitation facilities, and rest areas must be provided. Employment conditions should be communicated clearly. Training on labor rights is necessary. Work hours should not exceed 48 per week with 24 consecutive hours of rest. Producers should not use multiple fixed-term contracts to evade obligations.

8%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 29 and 105, prohibiting the use of forced labor and compulsion to work under fear of penalty, including through methods of force or intimidation. These requirements include instances where persons have not offered themselves voluntarily (such as servitude bonded, trafficking, or indentured labor).

21%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 138 or 182, prohibiting child labor, especially at night or in hazardous conditions, safeguarding to protect against the use of child labor, and remediation to ensure the child gets access to appropriate resources (such as education, etc.). If a young worker is employed, it will be done such that access to continued education and/or educational opportunities (technical or vocational training) is provided.

16%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 100 or 111, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of personal characteristics or beliefs, such as race, national extraction, social background, religion, age, disability, marital status, parental status, association or trade union membership, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation or political opinion, and assurance that equal remuneration (including benefits) is provided to men and women workers for work of equal value.

17%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 87, 98, 135 and 154. Producers must respect employees’ rights to freedom of association, union membership, and collective bargaining. GOTS producers should support trade unions, provide resources for organizing and bargaining, protect workers’ representatives from harm, and inform workers about their rights. If restricted by law, alternative means for exercising these rights must be established.

30%

GOTS requires adherence to ILO Conventions 155 and 187 and national laws and regulations to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions. Producers are required to implement an OHS system, consider industry knowledge and hazards, and protect vulnerable workers. Measures must be taken to prevent accidents and provide personal protective equipment. Access to facilities like toilets and clean water should be provided. Accommodations must meet basic needs. Senior management is responsible for health and safety, and training should be provided.

6%

GOTS requires producers to ensure that living wages for workers are calculated and compared with remuneration data, a plan is developed to cover the wage gap to pay workers a living wage. This addresses some, but not all risks at scale for the livelihoods of workers.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to participate in consultations with local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts, or that it requires producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation

0%

There is no evidence that GOTS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GOTS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s Theory of Change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

11%

GOTS requires producers to implement grievance mechanisms and remediation. Due diligence is in accordance with OECD guidelines and producers must respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; grievances related to harassment or gender-based discrimination are referred to a dedicated sub-process. The grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously, include whistle-blower protection, and support trade unions. Oversight is assigned to senior management and should provide regular training.

13%

GOTS requires producers to implement a gender equality policy to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation (including prohibition of discriminatory hiring based on sex, prohibition of threats of dismissal or negative employment outcome due to marital or pregnancy decisions, and protection of equal opportunity). The encouragement of confidential reporting of abuse and subsequent investigation of abuse is also required.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

65%

50%

The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) published their latest Theory of Change (ToC) in March 2023, which provides both visual and textual information. Having a unified GOTS standard allows textile processors and manufacturers to export their fabrics and garments with a single organic certification accepted in major markets. The ToC does not include time-bound or measurable indicators and is not communicated explicitly to its stakeholders.

75%

GOTS has defined a clear procedure for standard development and revisions. The standard document and implementation manual undergo a revision every 3 years, and may continuously be updated between the Standard revisions. Public consultations are held for the revision with multiple stakeholder input rounds. No information is shared on the analysis and research that has gone into the definition of the standard.

50%

All staff, including the advisory council, standards committee, certifiers council, and general staff, are listed on the GOTS website. The organization does not have organization-wide policies for impartiality and inclusiveness. The GOTS webpage provides details about the roles and responsibilities of different teams and departments. Information on becoming a member or participant in GOTS’ governance structure is not clearly available.

100%

The document “Conditions for the use of GOTS Signs” outlines labeling requirements and associated fees for companies in the GOTS program. Certified entities must implement segregation systems to prevent mixing organic and conventional fibers. Clear labeling and identification of organic materials are required in the chain. Misuse of GOTS signs or misleading claims is addressed with potential penalties and termination of rights. Claims can be made on a content basis only, not on an outcome basis.

100%

The assurance document covers supply chain, traceability, and quality assurance policies and procedures for certification and auditing bodies. Clear roles and responsibilities are provided for certification and accreditation bodies. The frequency of audits is specified, including unannounced on-site visits. GOTS has an implementation manual and requires training for auditors. Personnel must have appropriate training and knowledge relevant to the processing facilities.

83%

Accreditation bodies must comply with ISO/IEC Guide 17011. Section 5.2.3.4 explains procedures for addressing minor and major non-conformities, which can lead to suspension or withdrawal. Suspended organizations are publicly disclosed. Certified organizations are not incentivized to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities. Certification bodies can achieve scope and transaction certificates as evidence of their compliance and quality work, and sharing audit data.

25%

GOTS conducts risk-based auditing. Prior to each audit, a risk assessment is conducted for each certified entity and associated subcontractors. Additional audits may be conducted based on the risk assessment, or fewer audits for low-risk entities. However, no separate publicly available risk management plan is found, there is no clear definition or quantification of risk or threat communicated in the documents, and there is no overview of the current risks in the sector.

50%

GOTS provides an elaborate complaint procedure on their website to handle and resolve complaints effectively. Visitors can submit complaints or feedback, which will be evaluated and processed. However, it is unclear who will receive and handle which complaint. After evaluation, the complainant will be informed about the progress and any additional information required. The option for stakeholders to provide input has not been made public.

50%

GOTS has an M&E system which feeds into their Theory of Change: The most recent ToC is based on GOTS’ M&E findings. However, there is no tracking of progress towards ToC indicators published. An Annual Report is published, however, evaluation findings are not on outcome- or impact- but on output-level. GOTS does not define what data is available to whom under what circumstances.

3%

8%

0%

13%

13%

8%

0%

0%

15%

0%

0%

5%

13%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

75%

0%

0%

0%

9%

13%

13%

25%

25%

10%

0%

48%

25%

50%

50%

100%

0%

50%

50%

0%

0%

30%

0%

20%

50%

50%

0%

67%

25%

27%

19%

13%

50%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

56%

40%

25%

75%

50%

75%

78%

33%

75%

60%

75%

54%

75%

59%

75%

67%

38%

50%

63%

6%

15%

The farm level for wool represents the greatest risk for global warming due to methane emissions (enteric and waste) and nitrous oxide (waste and fertilizer application). There are requirements that demonstrate an understanding of emission sources, impacts, and how to reduce them, as well as an encouragement of best practices to build climate resilience. These address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required at scale to address the risks present for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

25%

There is some evidence that GHG emissions are named as a prioritized outcome, as there is a requirement that producers contribute to climate protection in management at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that lower-carbon production processes are utilized—the prohibition of synthetic fertilizer, soil health practices, etc.

15%

There is evidence that one set of climate resiliency practices is required (soil health practices).

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that below-ground carbon stocks or peat soils are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

0%

EU Organic Legislation requires the maintenance and enhancement of soil quality through such actions as combating the loss of soil organic matter, however, there is no evidence that above ground carbon stocks are protected or named as a priority for improved management practices and procedures at the farm level.

15%

Maintaining and enhancing soil stability and fertility, soil water retention and soil biodiversity, preventing and combating loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction and soil erosion is a requirement in EU Organic agriculture. Verifying that soil quality has been maintained serves as proxy measurements for the soil’s ability to sequester carbon.

0%

No organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for global warming potential.

0%

No organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for abiotic resource depletion.

6%

25%

The majority of water use takes place at the farm level and is provided as drinking water for the flock. There are also risks related to chemical application, as these can negatively impact water resources. There are requirements in place for adequate drinking water to be provided, as well as requirements that water quantity and quality are maintained and enhanced. These address some risks at scale for the farm level and constitute elements of a water risk management plan.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring related to contamination is utilized to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water withdrawal is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that water contamination is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale at the farm level, even if there is evidence of a basic requirement that organic production must be based on the sustainment and enhancement of the state of soil, water, and air.

0%

There is no evidence that prioritized metrics for water health related to withdrawal are utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that prioritized metrics for water health related to contamination are utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

75%

Wool is inherently a biobased feedstock that is renewable. There is evidence that most, but not all, synthetic chemicals are prohibited, which address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores lowest in relation to water scarcity, when using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to water consumption. As no RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to eutrophication potential. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

17%

25%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to pesticide and insecticide applications. There are requirements in place that compose a chemical management plan. These demonstrate an understanding of chemical management features, values, issues, and mitigation pathways and encourage practices and procedures that maintain and enhance chemical management. These include measures on exposure (human and environment), chemically synthesized medicine, and more.

25%

Organic regulations prohibit the use of most synthetic chemicals for land/crop management and only allow the use of veterinary chemicals where preventative and non-synthetic chemical methods have failed. There are requirements in place that address, to varying levels, the chemical management practices of labeling, separation, and storage to address some risks with chemistry at scale for the farm level.

50%

There are requirements in place that identify points of chemical-induced degradation in the system. There is also alignment with banning the use of hazardous chemicals, as outlined in WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides Class 1a and 1b, the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

50%

The use of many synthetic chemicals is prohibited and there are requirements in place that work to make production safer for both workers and the environment. As such, there is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement is employed to continue to reduce risks.

20%

There are requirements in place that demonstrate a comprehensive restriction of non-organic fertilizers and chemicals to address risks at scale for the farm level.

0%

Wool with no standard system and recycled wool score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

48%

25%

The main risks associated with soil health at the farm level for wool are related to overgrazing, which can cause soil erosion and other issues that are detrimental to soil. There is evidence that a management plan is in place that addresses soil concerns holistically, as a part of a greater system connected to other areas.

50%

There is evidence that requirements are in place for monitoring pressures and the state of soil through an emphasis on preventing soil erosion, maintaining and enhancing soil quality, combating loss of soil organic matter, and more.

50%

There is evidence that requirements are in place to name soil health as a prioritized outcome and demonstrate continuous improvement to outcomes related to soil health—starting with reducing negative pressures and moving towards positive contributions.

100%

There is evidence that requirements are in place for soil microbial health, soil carbon cycle, soil structural health, soil water cycle, soil nutrient cycle, and soil chemical balance to be named as prioritized metrics to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that requirements are in place to provide educational resources on the importance of considering various grass varieties for rangeland management at scale for the farm level.

50%

The main risks associated with land use for wool are connected to overgrazing and land degradation. There is evidence that requirements are in place for components of a land management plan that is site-adapted, reviewed annually, adaptive, and updated appropriately to address some risks at scale at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that land health is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement toward land health outcomes is demonstrated due to an emphasis on preserving, protecting, and enhancing soil and biodiversity health.

0%

There is no evidence that there are commitments to any deforestation cutoff dates or reductions in risk related to deforestation. While there are some country-specific organic standards that include this, such requirements are in excess of the EU Organic regulation.

0%

There is no evidence that there are commitments to any deforestation cutoff dates or reductions in risk related to deforestation. While there are some country-specific organic standards that include this, these requirements are in excess of the EU Organic regulation.

30%

0%

The main risks associated with biodiversity are deforestation and land degradation, as well as pesticide and insecticide use at the farm level. There is no evidence that a management plan is required to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers act upon aspirational recommendations that go beyond what is required.

20%

There is evidence that biodiversity monitoring takes place in the form of identifying pests and weeds that would negatively contribute to biodiversity in the production unit. This addresses some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

50%

Producers are required to maintain or enhance biodiversity values, both for crop and non-crop habitats on the production unit.

50%

Producers are required to encourage the preservation of rare and native livestock breeds and to manage livestock to protect water sources. These address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

There is no evidence that there are requirements in place for producers to set aside a percentage of the production land for naturalization to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

67%

There is evidence that producers are required to demonstrate consideration for species and genetic diversity in the prohibition of hunting, fishing, or gathering of threatened and endangered plant and animal species, through the protection of migration pathways, the restriction of synthetic inputs, and the hunting or collection of any native wildlife or plants inside the management unit, unless collection or hunting is sustainable, to address risks at scale for the farm level.

25%

EU Organic outlines processes for the identification of pests and invasive species through monitoring; whether intervention is taken is dependent on monitoring results. Additionally, physical removal techniques and those that prioritize the health of native species are preferred.

38%

38%

There are a number of different by-products and wastes that result from wool sourcing, but one of the main sources is lanolin. Others include suint, straw, dried grass, dirt, and proteinaceous material. There is evidence that a waste reduction plan is in place and that raw material usage and efficiency rates are tracked to address risks at scale for the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that waste streams are monitored for reuse and recycling and that conventional recycling does take place. These address some risks at scale at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that EU Organic Legislation requires the feedstock to be completely biobased and therefore renewable.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

56%

40%

Animal welfare risks take place at the farm level, as opposed to during scouring. These risks include those linked to nutrition, living environment, health, handling and transport, intensity, etc. There is evidence that animal welfare management is utilized, and each farm must ensure that animal management is aligned with farm conditions to deliver the requirements of the organic regulation.

25%

There is some evidence that animal welfare monitoring for causes of poor animal welfare is utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level.

75%

There is evidence that animal welfare is named as a prioritized outcome with documentation in place, continuous improvement to outcomes is demonstrated, and no expansion or intensification is required to address some risks at scale at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that food quantity and nutritional quality appropriate for animals’ age and needs are provided, as well as an adequate supply of drinking water, which addresses some risks at scale at the farm level.

75%

There is evidence that animals have access to pasture, routine close-confinement is not permitted, and the conditions and facilities needed for health, safety, comfort, and natural behavior are provided.

78%

There is evidence that animal health is prioritized, including: animal welfare checks, treatment of sick/injured animals, painful procedures only carried out when necessary, breeding suitable for correct environment, artificial breeding only carried out when necessary, and slaughter minimizes pain and distress (stunning required).

33%

There is evidence that handling and transport is prioritized insofar as the abuse and mistreatment of animals is unacceptable and animals should be handled humanely, in turn building positive relationships. However, parallel production, live shipping, and taking special care of animals that have special needs are not required in production.

75%

There is evidence that hybrid extensive systems are utilized, as well as the prohibition of prolonged close confinement. These address many, but not all, risks at scale at the farm level.

43%

75%

The EU has released a strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles that, by 2030, aims for textile products placed on the EU market to be durable, recyclable, made mostly from recycled fibers, free from harmful substances, and produced in accordance with social rights and environmental standards. The document urges EU institutions, Member States, the value chain, and international partners to support and implement the strategy through resolute and tangible actions.

33%

The procedure for drafting EU legislation is available online. The current EU Organic Legislation originates from 2018 and replaces the previous legislation from 2007. No evidence was found of public consultations being conducted for the EU Organic Legislation. Additionally, there is no information available regarding the research undertaken during the drafting process of the legislation.

Not in scope

17%

The legislation addresses labeling requirements for organic production, including the use of terms and the EU logo. Products must be at least 95% organic, but guidance on claims for products below 100% organic is lacking. Prohibitions exist against misleading labels, logos, and trademarks, yet no consequences are specified. The legislation allows for the use of the EU logo, but clarity on permissible content- or outcome-based claims is absent.

67%

The legislation contains a chapter on certification that outlines the oversight mechanism for ensuring compliance. Another chapter focuses on the delegation of official control tasks and responsibilities of the Control Body. Additionally, there is a chapter that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the Competent Authority regarding official controls and necessary actions. The Legislation mandates an annual compliance verification for all operators and groups of operators.

83%

The legislation establishes procedures for conformity assessment, including rules for actions in cases of non-compliance and a common catalog of measures. Competent Authorities have the authority to suspend delegated responsibilities. Compliance verification generally involves on-site inspections, but exceptions apply based on consecutive years of compliance and low likelihood of non-compliance.

25%

Control Bodies must submit a risk assessment procedure to the Competent Authorities, stating the basis for intensity and frequency of the verification of compliance of the operators.

0%

No clear mechanism is provided for complaints and grievances. Member States each have to appoint a Competent Authority, which can be situated in different ministries per member state, making it unclear for stakeholders to know who to contact.

44%

The EU uses a Monitoring & Evaluation framework (CMEF) to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAP. Previous evaluations of EU organic farming legislation exist, including on outcome-level. The frequency of evaluations is not specified. The legislation includes a section on information sharing among authorities but not with the public. The MEL guiding framework outlines objectives without mentioning sustainability impacts. No progress measurements towards ToC goals were found in the document.

0%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement an emissions management plan.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is required at scale to address the risks present for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a climate strategy.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement climate mitigation procedures.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement climate adaptation procedures.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

0%

No organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for global warming potential.

0%

No organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for abiotic resource depletion.

5%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water management plan, therefore risks still exist.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water monitoring plan for withdrawal and consumption.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water monitoring plan for contamination.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water strategy for withdrawal and consumption.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a water strategy for contamination.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for withdrawal and consumption, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to outline a comprehensive water strategy for contamination, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

75%

As a biobased feedstock, cotton does not run risks of oil and gas extraction. However, as OCS does not make any commitments to renewable energy, risks of extraction contaminating water still exist.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores lowest in relation to water scarcity when using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to water consumption. As no RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to eutrophication potential. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to implement a chemical management plan, therefore risks relating to the use of fertilizers and pesticides include risks to water sources.

0%

As a chain of custody standard, OCS does not contain environmental criteria and therefore does not demonstrate requirements relating to chemical management practices such as handling, labeling, separation or disposal. Consequently, a responsible person and monitoring for continual improvement on these metrics are not present in the standard either.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires, are required to conduct chemical monitoring or restricted chemistry lists.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires, producers are required to implement a chemical strategy.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence that OCS requires producers to prioritize chemical discharge metrics.

0%

Wool with no standard system and recycled wool score the same in relation to chemistry using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

17%

0%

There is no evidence that OCS requires a waste management plan to be implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

While best practices may be executed, there is no evidence to suggest that OCS producers are required to maximize waste through stated plans, despite cotton waste largely evidenced to be repurposed and/or left to bio-degrade for organic amendments.

50%

OCS Wool is inherently a biobased, renewable feedstock – though no commitments to using recycled inputs are shown to be made.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for prohibiting direct or indirect benefiting from forced labor (in alignment with ILO 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work and requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for having a core theory of change which includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts and for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that OCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that OCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation and for certified producers to take steps to address risks of Gender Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH)

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

Not in scope.

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. The organization does not have governing policies in place to guarantee impartiality and inclusiveness. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress toward set targets.

45%

50%

The main sources of GHG emissions result from electricity use in cleaning/reprocessing of wool. Currently, LCAs do not attribute any original impact to recycled wool because it is connected to virgin sourcing at the farm level. However, there are recommendations to attribute some of this to recycled wool. Blends that include virgin wool also contribute to GHG emissions. There is evidence that emission management is utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing.

50%

There is evidence that emission monitoring is utilized to measure point source emissions as well as emissions from scope 2, implement adaptive remediation actions, and verify monitoring by third party to address some risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing.

50%

There is evidence that GHG emissions are named as a prioritized outcome and that there is an emphasis on reducing GHG emissions through continuous improvement. Recycled wool reduces emission impacts for material sourcing and while there are still GHG emissions that result from cleaning/reprocessing, GRS requires an environmental management plan, which addresses some risks at scale for recycled wool through prioritization and continuous improvement.

25%

There is evidence that lower carbon procedures relating to energy efficiency are utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

There is no evidence that climate resilience practices or technology adaptation to combat against extreme weather or financial support are utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

94%

Recycled wool is 94% less GHG intensive than wool with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

18%

Recycled wool uses 18% fewer fossil fuel resources than wool with no standard system wool, when using data from the Higg MSI.

53%

50%

The main water risks associated with recycled wool are water use in cleaning/reprocessing (wet-pulling process). There are also risks if the recycled wool is blended with virgin wool, in which case the risks extend to the farm level and are accounted for in virgin production. There is evidence that a regionally attuned, adaptive, annually reviewed, and regularly updated water risk management plan is in place to address some risks at scale for wool.

63%

There is evidence that a pressure, state, response framework with verification of monitoring outputs is utilized for water monitoring for withdrawal to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing.

63%

There is evidence that a pressure, state, response framework with verification of monitoring outputs is utilized for water monitoring for contamination to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing.

50%

There is evidence that water health (withdrawal) is named as a prioritized outcome and that there are continuous improvement requirements in place related to water use reductions. These reduce some risks at scale for recycled wool.

50%

There is evidence that water health (contamination) is named as a prioritized outcome and that there are continuous improvement requirements in place related to reducing effluent discharge into waterways. These reduce some risks at scale for recycled wool.

0%

There is no evidence that water health metrics related to withdrawal are prioritized to address risks at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that water health metrics related to withdrawal are prioritized to address risks at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

70%

Wool is inherently a biobased feedstock that is renewable. In addition, GRS restricts the use of hazardous chemicals in the processing of GRS products, therefore mitigating some risks associated with oil and gas extraction. GRS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources, therefore some risk remains.

65%

Recycled wool scores 65% better in relation to water scarcity than wool with no standard system programs in the MSI.

36%

Recycled wool scores 36% better in water consumption than wool with no standard system.

90%

Recycled wool is 90% less impactful than wool with no standard system in relation to eutrophication when using data from the Higg MSI.

30%

50%

The main risks at the cleaning/reprocessing level connect to chemical use/effluent discharge. A “worst-case scenario” approach is required here as there is no way to determine what type of processing was done prior to recycling. Unknown types and amounts of chemicals applied to virgin wool result in unknown chemical risks, which can result in noncompliance. There is evidence that chemical management procedures are utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing.

50%

GRS criteria require producers to handle, separate, dispose of, and label chemicals used in accordance with the FAO ICCPM. The standard also outlines provisions for a chemical-responsible person and training to maintain the above practices where necessary.

50%

There is evidence that producers are required to monitor and meet legal requirements related to chemical management to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing. This also includes restrictions of chemical substances and alignment to ZDHC Manufacturer’s Restricted Substance List.

50%

There is evidence that producers are required to demonstrate continuous improvement methods by ongoing reviews of chemical restriction lists with annual reviews in place. This also signals a prioritized outcome for chemistry. These work to address some risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing.

100%

There is evidence that producers are required to prioritize chemical discharge into air and water. They are also required to ensure sludge receives proper treatment and disposal and that the Restricted Substance List is followed for input and output chemicals.

0%

Wool with no standard system and recycled wool score the same in relation to chemistry using data from the Higg MSI.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

54%

92%

The main risks associated with waste are connected to chemical discharge of waste and poor waste management, both of which can negatively impact any number of different ecosystems. There is evidence that a waste reduction plan is in place that requires tracking and documentation of waste, precision planning, precision production, SMART objectives, and continuous improvement on best mitigation practices. These address many risks at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing.

50%

There is evidence that waste streams are monitored for reuse and recycling, that recycling takes place as well as that the intentionality behind these actions is towards accessibility as opposed to maintaining the value of waste streams. There is also evidence that optimal waste streams are mapped and that waste is kept at its highest quality. As such, these risks are addressed at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing.

50%

Recycled wool is a biobased feedstock.

10%

18%

GRS requires adherence to legal minimums, industry benchmarks, or collective agreements for wages and working conditions. Work weeks should not exceed 48 hours and breaks, time off, and holidays should be respected. Alternative forms of workers’ representation and negotiation should not be hindered. Workers must receive written information on their employment conditions. Non-permanent work should not be exploited to evade labor obligations. Access to clean facilities and drinkable water is mandatory. Employment relationships must comply with national legislation and international labor standards.

17%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 29, prohibiting forced or compulsory labor, bonded labor, and indentured labor. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 105 or ILO Protocol 29, or provisions to prevent forced labor.

21%

GRS requires adherence to ILO Convention 138: producers shall not recruit child labor or exploit children in any way and shall not employ young workers under 18 years of age at night. While there are some requirements, there is no evidence of requirements aligning with ILO Convention 182, or provisions to prevent child labor.

19%

GRS requires that producers do not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination on the basis of gender, age, religion, marital status, race, caste, social background, diseases, disability, pregnancy, ethnic and national origin, nationality, membership in worker organizations including unions, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or any other personal characteristics. There are no requirements relating to ILO Convention 111.

21%

GRS requires producers to provide workers with the right to join or form trade unions or workers’ associations and the right to bargain collectively; producers shall not interfere with, obstruct or prevent such legitimate activities. While there is evidence that rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining are required, there is no requirements to align with ILO Conventions 87 and 98. To this end, risks are not adequately addressed.

26%

GRS requires producers to provide safe and clean working conditions, train workers and management in waste management, handling and disposing of chemicals and dangerous materials, and prevention of accidents and injury, provide sanitation and drinking water facilities, assign a health and safety representative, and provide and record health and safety training.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically relating to predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires adherence to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address community consultation and engagement (right to participation). In particular, there are no requirements for participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements for disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization.

0%

There is no evidence that GRS requires producers to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that GRS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

6%

GRS requires producers to not engage in, support or tolerate discrimination in employment due to gender. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. The organization does not have governing policies in place to guarantee impartiality and inclusiveness. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress toward set targets.

30%

0%

The main sources of GHG emissions result from electricity use in cleaning/reprocessing of wool. Currently, LCAs do not attribute any original impact to recycled wool because it is connected to virgin sourcing at the farm level. However, there are recommendations to attribute some of this to recycled wool. Blends that include virgin wool also contribute to GHG emissions. There is no evidence that an emission management plan it utilized for cleaning/reprocessing of recycled wool.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that emission monitoring is utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a emission strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impacts of virgin material sourcing. GHGs are still emitted during the cleaning/reprocessing of recycled wool, but the overall emission impact is reduced and therefore, recognized as a prioritized outcome. This addresses some, but not all risks at scale for recycled wool.

0%

There is no evidence that lower carbon procedures or financial support and training are utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

There is no evidence that climate resilience practices or technology adaptation to combat against extreme weather or financial support are utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

94%

Recycled wool is 94% less GHG intensive than wool with no standard system, when using data from the Higg MSI.

18%

Recycled wool uses 18% fewer fossil fuel resources than wool with no standard system wool, when using data from the Higg MSI.

39%

0%

The main water risks associated with recycled wool are water use in cleaning/reprocessing (wet-pulling process). There are also risks if the recycled wool is blended with virgin wool, in which case the risks extend to the farm level and are accounted for in virgin production. There is no evidence that water risk management is utilized for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring for withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that water monitoring for contamination is utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the overall water use. In addition, little water is utilized in the process of recycling, therefore demonstrating water as a prioritized outcome.

25%

While RCS does not require producers to implement a water strategy, the ambition of RCS aims to reduce the impact of material sourcing, therefore reducing the overall water risk. There is evidence that recycled wool has a lower water contamination impact compared to virgin wool and as such, a prioritized outcome for RCS is shown.

0%

There is no evidence that water health metrics related to withdrawal are prioritized to address risks at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that water health metrics related to contamination are prioritized to address risks at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

63%

Wool is inherently a biobased feedstock that is renewable therefore mitigating risks associated with oil and gas extraction. RCS does not, however, require producers to utilize renewable energy sources or restrict the use of synthetic chemicals, therefore some risk remains.

65%

Recycled wool scores 65% better in relation to water scarcity than wool with no standard system programs in the MSI.

36%

Recycled wool scores 36% better in water consumption than wool with no standard system.

90%

Recycled wool is 90% less impactful than wool with no standard system in relation to eutrophication when using data from the Higg MSI.

3%

0%

The main risks at the cleaning/reprocessing level connect to chemical use/effluent discharge. A “worst-case scenario” approach is required here as there is no way to determine what type of processing was done prior to recycling. Unknown types and amounts of chemicals applied to virgin wool result in unknown chemical risks, which can result in noncompliance. There is no evidence that chemical management procedures are utilized to address risks at scale for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that chemical management practices are utilized at scale to address risks for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that chemical monitoring is utilized at scale to address risks for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

25%

There is evidence to suggest that the cleaning/reprocessing of recycled wool utilizes fewer synthetic chemicals than virgin wool, which mitigates some risks in regard to chemical use and effluent discharge. While RCS does not require producers to implement a chemical strategy, the little use of chemicals reduces risks associated with chemical discharge, which demonstrates chemistry as a prioritized outcome.

0%

There is no evidence to suggest that chemistry metrics are prioritized at scale to address risks for recycled wool at cleaning/reprocessing, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Wool with no standard system and recycled wool score the same in relation to chemistry using data from the Higg MSI.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

13%

0%

The main risks associated with waste are connected to chemical discharge of waste and poor waste management, both of which can negatively impact any number of different ecosystems. Recycled wool inherently reduces waste by extending the lifecycle of the fiber beyond virgin. This also reduces the demand for virgin wool, which further reduces waste. However, even given this, there are no formal waste reduction strategies in place to address risks at scale for recycled wool cleaning/reprocessing.

0%

There is evidence that recycling, waste stream monitoring for reuse and recycling opportunities for accessibility rather than maintaining maximum value of waste streams, and waste stream separation and organization are utilized with recycled wool at scale to address risks for cleaning/reprocessing.

50%

Recycled wool is a biobased feedstock.

0%

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and time limits.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for forced labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from forced labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 abd 105 and ILO Protocol 29. Additionally, there are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate forced and compulsory labor as defined in ILO Conventions 29 and 105.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that account for child labor risks. In particular, there are no requirements that require producers to not employ or benefit from child labor or employ young workers to perform hazardous work, as defined in ILO Conventions 138 and 182. There are no requirements for large producers and managed productions to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for taking steps to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for taking steps to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to respect the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods, specifically relating to predictability and stability of income. In particular, there are no requirements to ensure a theory of change is in place to increase farmer income, enhance livelihoods or improve predictability and stability.

0%

There is evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there are no requirements in relation to respecting legal and customary land rights of Indigenous peoples in accordance with UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, or engagement with Indigenous groups affected by operations.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place relating to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS requires producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place for community consultation and engagement (right to participation). In particular, there are no requirements that require participation in community consultation to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, or requirements in disclosure of information on risks and impacts.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization—that is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization (heavy restrictions on democratic processes, civil rights, or with systemic, state-supported violations of one or more human rights).

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

There is no evidence that RCS has requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence that RCS has requirements for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation, or take steps to address risks of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH).

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. The organization does not have governing policies in place to guarantee impartiality and inclusiveness. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress toward set targets.

10%

28%

The farm level for wool represents the greatest risk for global warming due to methane emissions (enteric and waste) and nitrous oxide (waste and fertilizer application). There is some evidence that a management plan is utilized to address key emission risks at the farm level even if this is not framed as a management plan.

0%

There is no evidence that emission monitoring is utilized to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

There is no evidence that GHG emissions are named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

25%

There is evidence that multiple lower carbon production processes are utilized and include, but are not limited to: good grazing management, responsible forest management procedures, and soil health practices. These address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence of the implementation of multiple climate resilience practices to support against extreme weather events. These include the protection of riparian areas, access/use to windbreaks, and practices to promote soil health. There is also evidence of the opportunity to receive financial support in the form of certification under group farming or farming cooperatives for farmers that meet specifically outlined criteria. These address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

13%

There is some evidence that below-ground carbon stocks are prioritized in terms of improved management plans and procedures to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level, even if peat soils are not mentioned specifically.

25%

There is evidence that the protection of above-ground carbon stocks is prioritized in that deforestation and conversion of natural habitats to agricultural land are prohibited.

15%

Some anecdotal information is inferred, as properly managed grazing lands can have positive land-use impacts through improved soil health and drainage and are likely to sequester carbon.

0%

No RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for global warming potential.

0%

No RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI. Impact data defaults to wool with no standard system for abiotic resource depletion.

17%

38%

The majority of water use takes place at the farm level and is provided as drinking water for the flock. There are also risks related to chemical application as these can negatively impact water resources. There is evidence that a farm-adapted water risk management plan is required in that measures are taken to ensure quantity and quality is maintained through practices and procedures to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that water monitoring for withdrawal is utilized to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that water monitoring for contamination is utilized to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that water health for withdrawal is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that water health for contamination is named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that surface water is named as a prioritized metric to address risks at scale for water withdrawal for wool at the farm level.

25%

There is evidence that surface water is named as a prioritized metric to address risks at scale for water contamination for wool at the farm level.

63%

Wool is inherently a biobased feedstock that is renewable. There are only requirements in place to guide the limited and safe use of pesticides and fertilizers as opposed to requirements that prohibit the use of synthetic chemicals at the farm level.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores lowest in relation to water scarcity using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to water consumption using data from the Higg MSI. As no RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to eutrophication potential and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to Wool with no standard system.

25%

50%

The main risks associated with chemical use at the farm level are connected to pesticide, insecticide, and fertilizer application. There is evidence that chemical management procedures are utilized and take the form of integrated pest management and a fertilizer management strategy. These address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

25%

The Responsible Wool Standard outlines provisions for chemical management practices such as labeling, separation, application, and disposal. However, the standard contains no requirements for the nomination of a chemical-responsible party, training, or monitoring of chemical management improvement opportunities.

25%

There is evidence that chemical monitoring is utilized to monitor for causes of chemical-induced degradation as well as that the remediation actions are adaptive to the monitoring inputs. These address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that chemistry is named as a prioritized outcome, and continuous improvement is demonstrated to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

100%

There is evidence that chemical discharge in water and waterways, chemical discharge into the air, chemical discharge of sludge and solid waste, and chemical inputs and outputs are managed and are named as prioritized metrics to address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

Wool with no standard system and recycled wool score the same in relation to chemistry using data from the Higg MSI. As no RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

53%

40%

The main risks associated with soil health at the farm level for wool are related to overgrazing, which can cause soil erosion and other detrimental issues to soil. The application of chemicals can also have negative impacts on soil health. There is evidence that an annually reviewed and site-specific soil health management plan is utilized to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

63%

There is evidence that soil monitoring is utilized such that management responses are linked to reduced pressures and improvement in the state of the soil. These address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that soil health is named as a prioritized outcome and that there is a commitment to demonstrating continuous improvement to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

70%

There is evidence that soil microbial health, soil carbon cycle (through soil organic matter focus), soil structural health (through soil compaction focus), soil water cycle (through soil organic matter focus), and soil nutrient cycle are both named as prioritized outcomes to address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

20%

There is evidence that educational guidance is regionally attuned and communicates the importance of management techniques for rangeland management.

38%

The main risks associated with land use for wool are connected to overgrazing and land degradation. There is evidence that farm-attuned land management planning is utilized to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that land health is named as a prioritized outcome and that continuous improvement to healthy outcomes for land is demonstrated. These are shown through the requirements within the land management planning and biodiversity management planning criteria. These work toward ensuring landuse related to raw-material sourcing for wool does not negatively impact land health.

60%

There is evidence that requirements are in place for a deforestation cutoff date of June 1, 2016, as well as some ecological restoration actions to remedy past harm done to soil and riparian areas. There are also requirements for actions outside of cutoff dates and ecological restoration actions that work to reduce the risks posed by deforestation practices in comparison to No Standard System production for wool at the farm level.

60%

There is evidence that requirements are in place for a land conversion cutoff date of June 1, 2016, as well as some ecological restoration actions to remedy past harm done to soil and riparian areas. There are also requirements for actions outside of cutoff dates and ecological restoration actions that work to reduce the risks posed by land conversion practices in comparison to No Standard System production for wool at the farm level.

58%

60%

The main risks associated with biodiversity are deforestation and land degradation as well as pesticide and insecticide use at the farm level. There is evidence that a biodiversity management plan is utilized and is regionally attuned, adaptive, updated as appropriate, identifies and protects Key Biodiversity Areas, and considers biodiversity on and around the farm. These address many risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

63%

There is evidence that a Pressure, State, Response framework is implemented that links the management responses, to reduction in pressures and improvement in the state of biodiversity to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

75%

There is evidence that biodiversity is named as a prioritized outcome, that continuous improvement is demonstrated, and that there are requirements in place for no expansion or intensification. These address many risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

50%

There is evidence that riparian areas are maintained and that existing native vegetation is protected and maintained to address many risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

While there is evidence that existing natural habitat must be maintained, there is no evidence that a specific percentage of land is maintained as a natural habitat to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

83%

There is evidence that measures are taken to minimize people-wildlife conflict, non-lethal management practices are implemented, lethal chemicals and substances are prohibited from being emitted into the environment, and hunting, fishing, or gathering of threatened or endangered plant and animal species is prohibited. These address many risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

75%

There is evidence that mitigation efforts are required to reduce and eliminate the presence of invasive species from natural ecosystems. This addresses many risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

17%

0%

There are a number of different by-products and wastes that result from wool sourcing, but one of the main ones is lanolin. Others include suint, straw, dried grass, dirt, and proteinaceous material. There is evidence that requirements are in place for reducing waste with application methods and equipment, but these do not constitute a waste management plan to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

There is no evidence that waste streams are monitored or that recycling takes place to address risks at scale for wool at the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

50%

Wool is inherently a biobased feedstock that is renewable – though no commitments to using recycled inputs are shown to be made.

8%

8%

There is evidence that RWS has requirements that account for some wage and working condition risks, including workers receiving wages that comply with local legal minimum wages or collectively bargained wages (whichever is higher), and that these wages are paid promptly in a manner/method that is most convenient for the workers without substitutions like vouchers. Additionally, there are requirements that the farm orient all employees to the terms of their contract and provide them with contracts in their native language, or a language that is understood by both parties.

17%

RWS has requirements that account for some forced labor risks, including requiring no engagement in forced labor or hiring practices related to forced labor in alignment with ILO Convention 29. In addition, there are provisions in place to prevent forced labor risks related to the hiring process (such as charging recruitment fees to workers, requiring that workers lodge deposits or security payments, withholding passports, other personal documentation, wages, or benefits, charging for document processing fees, or engaging in intimidation or coercion).

13%

RWS has requirements that account for some child labor risks, including prohibiting child labor (under the age of 18) in the worst forms and in hazardous conditions, as defined by ILO Convention 182 and ILO Recommendation 190. Additionally, there are requirements in place for farmers only being allowed to engage their own children in work if the work does not take the worst forms of child labor or is in hazardous conditions, as defined by the ILO. Children are also prohibited from taking part in labor that interferes with schooling.

6%

RWS has requirements in place to address discrimination risks, per ILO Convention 111, in cases of hiring, compensation, treatment, or daily activities. Aside from this, there are no further requirements that prohibit, highlight, elaborate, or otherwise discourage discrimination practices in terms of age, sexual orientation, caste system, or disability.

0%

RWS requires that the farm operates in accordance with local legislation related to freedom of association and collective bargaining, and that farmers should not discriminate, punish, or penalize in any way workers who organize or collectively bargain. However, these requirements are not aligned with ILO Conventions 87 or 98.

12%

RWS requires adherence to occupational health and safety measures. These include: ensuring infrastructure is inspected regularly; access to clean and potable water; that facilities achieve proper hygiene and comfort (hand washing facilities, toilets, and food storage); that potentially hazardous work situations are clearly identified and unnecessary risks eliminated; that machines have clear instructions on safe usage, are maintained to limit hazards, and dangerous parts are guarded or encased; and that personal protective equipment (PPE) is provided.

3%

RWS outlines requirements to ensure compliance with local legal minimum wages or collectively bargained wages in a timely manner convenient to workers, prohibit the use of consecutive short-term contracts and/or false apprenticeships to avoid meeting obligations to personnel, pay wages such that they are equal regardless of gender, work status, religion, political affiliation, nationality, and other factors, and include benefits such as paid vacation in employment contracts.

19%

RWS requires adherence to legal rights of communities regarding sites, land, and other resources and engagement of local communities in management decisions that risk adversely affecting communities. In terms of implementation, there is a requirement to obtain free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) for any activity that may affect the lands, territories, and resources that Indigenous peoples own, occupy, or use.

13%

There is evidence that RWS has a requirement in place for the acknowledgment of and adherence to legal rights of communities regarding land and water resources, which addresses a risk relating to land rights.

6%

There is evidence that RWS has requirements in place that address some risks relating to community consultation and engagement (right to participation). In particular, RWS outlines that farms should engage local communities on farm management decisions that risk adversely affecting communities, and issues that create community concern.

0%

There is no evidence that RWS has requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights realization. That is, there are no requirements for periodic evaluation and testing of risks relating to enabling the environment for human rights realization (such as heavy restrictions on democratic processes and civil rights, or systemic, state-supported violations of one or more human rights).

4%

There is evidence that RWS has a requirement in place to address one risk related to grievances and remedies—that is, there is a requirement for information on grievance mechanisms to be made available to workers upon hiring. However, requiring grievance channels and subsequent remedy procedures is absent from standard criteria.

6%

There is evidence that RWS has a requirement in place that addresses the element of pay for gender-based discrimination risk—that is, RWS outlines that equal pay for equal work should be provided for all workers regardless of gender, work status, religion, political affiliation, nationality, or other factors. However, many other elements of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment risk are not identified or addressed.

84%

50%

Animal welfare risks take place at the farm level as opposed to during scouring. These risks include those to nutrition, living environment, health, handling and transport, intensity, etc. There is evidence that an adaptive, sub-site adopted animal welfare management plan that is reviewed annually and updated regularly is utilized to address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

63%

There is evidence that Pressure, State, Response framework is implemented that links the management responses (SMART interventions), to a reduction in pressures and improvement in the state of animal welfare. This addresses some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

88%

There is evidence that animal welfare is named as a prioritized outcome, that continuous improvement is demonstrated, that expansion or intensification is prohibited and that positive outcomes are identified and required. These address many risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

100%

There is evidence that quantity and nutritional quality appropriate for animals’ age and needs is provided, adequate supply of clean, safe drinking water is available, limits are set for time off feed and water and periods of deprivation are managed, and body conditioning scoring is used to maintain normal health and prevent prolonged hunger, thirst, malnutrition or dehydration. These address risks at scale for wool at the farm level for nutrition.

100%

There is evidence that access to pasture is required at all times, that routine close confinement is not permitted, that conditions and facilities needed for health, safety, comfort, and natural behavior are provided, and that animals are protected from the threat of predation. These address risks at scale for wool at the farm level for living environment.

100%

There is evidence that animal health is prioritized, including: animal welfare checks, treatment of sick/injured animals, painful procedures only carried out when necessary, fiber removal conducted to minimize stress/injury (including thermal), some species-specific practices prohibited (mulesing, etc.), breed suitable for the correct environment, artificial breeding only carried out when necessary, good decision-making with euthanasia, and slaughter minimizes pain and distress (stunning required).

100%

There is evidence that requirements are in place that prohibit the abuse and mistreatment of animals, electric prodders, and parallel production. There are also requirements in place for animals with special needs to be given special care and for animals to be handled humanely and in turn, building positive relationships between humans and animals. There are also requirements in place for the prohibition of live shipping. These address risks at scale for wool at the farm level for handling and transport.

75%

There is evidence that close confinement is prohibited and a hybrid indoor-outdoor extensive system is required to address most risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

77%

75%

The organization provides a theory of change that highlights the current state of the sector, desired sustainability impacts, and strategies to achieve its goals. The introduction of the standard document mentions both the aim of the standard and the organization’s overarching goal. The theory of change sets a measurable and time-bound end goal of a 45% reduction in GHGs from fiber and raw material production by 2030. The organization does not actively socialize its theory of change.

75%

There are procedures for developing and revising all standards. The standard document includes a revision history with updates occurring within a maximum of five years. Non-substantive changes may be made directly, while major revisions can be initiated if the standard criteria lead to unintended consequences that compromise the goals. The secretary actively seeks public feedback during the development and revision stages. It is not clear what research has gone into the development process.

75%

The website presents the governance board and executive team. The organization does not have governing policies in place to guarantee impartiality and inclusiveness. The website provides limited information about key roles and responsibilities of two team members, although a comprehensive overview of the team can be found in the annual reports. The website also lists current members who align with the organization’s objectives. Interested stakeholders can request membership.

100%

The organization has a separate document outlining its standards claims policy, including guidelines for making claims and communication. The Chains of Custody model in the policy specifies requirements for making product-related claims. The policy addresses the misuse of claims and provides a 30-day window for correction before taking action. It differentiates between content-based and outcome-based claims, with guidelines for substantiating the latter using publicly available information.

83%

A separate document outlines accreditation and certification procedures. The organization works with independent certification and accreditation bodies. Not all roles and responsibilities for certification and accreditation bodies are clear. Annual audits are required for certified organizations. Auditors need ongoing training to stay updated on relevant requirements to maintain their qualifications.

50%

The accreditation and certification procedures document outlines the levels of non-conformity: Critical, Major, and Minor. Each level has specific procedures and consequences. Critical and Major non-conformities result in certificate suspension if not addressed promptly. There are no motivation mechanisms for certified organizations to adhere to the standard with zero non-conformities, nor for certification bodies to share audit data with the standard organization in due time.

50%

There is a risk assessment procedure in the accreditation and certification procedures document. Certification bodies must adjust their procedures to address higher risks in specific situations. The organization does not provide a risk management plan. The organization publishes reports that outline current and future sector risks, such as the Material Change Insights 2022 report. However, explanatory documentation for the identification and quantification of these risks is not available.

100%

The organization provides clear instructions for providing feedback, including complaints, through a designated contact form. General feedback and feedback on specific standards and policies can be submitted continuously. A separate document details its complaints and feedback policy, outlining the process for receiving, managing, and addressing such feedback. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their input during upcoming revisions of standards and policies, using the established channels.

81%

The organization has separate documents on monitoring and evaluation procedures, unintended consequences, and data policy. They use impact areas and indicators aligned with their objectives to assess goal achievement. The majority of indicators are at outcome and impact level. The frequency by which system components are evaluated is not mentioned. The organization publishes reports and has impact dashboards tracking industry progress toward set targets.

0%

0%

On-farm energy use depends on fertilizer/fuel use, which varies widely. The farm level makes the greatest contribution to global warming due to methane emissions and nitrous oxide. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission management is not utilized to address on-farm risks at scale, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that emission monitoring is not conducted to track emissions at any scope or align with any accounting methodology, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that an emission strategy is not implemented at farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate mitigation practices are not adopted at farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that climate adaptation practices are not adopted at farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no participation in identifying, protecting, and restoring peat soils and/or areas of below-ground carbon stocks through producer management practices.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there is no participation in identifying, protecting, and restoring areas of above-ground carbon stocks through producer management practices.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil carbon sequestration is not prioritized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation global warming potential and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to resource depletion and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed.

4%

0%

The main sources of water use come from the farm level (drinking water for the flock). There are also risks related to chemical application, as these can negatively impact water resources. This results in risks of water scarcity for local resources. There are also concerns related to water contamination from pesticide and insecticide application to flocks. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water management risks are not addressed, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for withdrawal or consumption is not conducted, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that water monitoring for contamination is not conducted, even if individual producers and or countries have legislation in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not implemented, therefore water health outcomes are undisclosed.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a water strategy is not in place for the use or reduction of chemical leaching, or prioritization of water health outcomes.

63%

Wool is inherently a biobased feedstock that is renewable. However, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that no commitments to renewable energy have been made.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores lowest in relation to water scarcity, when using data from the Higg MSI. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to water consumption, when using data from the Higg MSI. As no RWS impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

Wool with no standard system scores the lowest in relation to eutrophication potential and is used as the baseline by which other programs are assessed. As no organic wool impact data is available in the Higg MSI, impact data defaults to wool with no standard system.

0%

0%

The main chemical risks associated with wool production relate to the use of fertilizer and pesticides at the farm level. While national or local legislation might dictate best practices, where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management procedures are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management practices are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical monitoring or restricted chemistry lists are not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that chemical management outcomes are not prioritized outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that a chemical strategy is not a prioritized outcome outside of national legislation, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Wool with no standard system and recycled wool score the same in relation to chemistry, when using data from the Higg MSI.

2%

0%

The main risks associated with soil health are overgrazing, which can cause vegetation change and soil erosion, at the farm level. The chemicals applied at both the farm and scouring levels can have negative impacts on soil health as well. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health management plans are required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health monitoring is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

7%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that soil health development, such as soil structure and nutrient and water cycles, is not a prioritized outcome, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

5%

There is evidence that farmers will manage the correct ratios of animals to rangeland so as to promote productivity and profitability, which is unequivocally linked to the state of the soil. This addresses a few risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

0%

The main risk connected to land use is overgrazing, which can result in land degradation (e.g., vegetation change, soil erosion) which can, in turn, result in desertification. However, continued and sustained operation relies on avoiding these impacts and, as such, these impacts are less common. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land health management plans are not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that land management is not prioritized, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate deforestation on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that practices to mitigate land conversion on or around production sites are not implemented, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

0%

The main risks associated with biodiversity are deforestation and land degradation, as well as pesticide and insecticide use at the farm level. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity management plans are not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity monitoring is not implemented, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that biodiversity is not prioritized and a strategy is not in place, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to take action to reduce impacts on habitats and ecosystems, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to protect and/or restore habitats and ecosystems, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to promote species and genetic diversity, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to identify and remove invasive species, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

17%

0%

There are a number of different by-products and wastes that result from wool sourcing, but one of the main ones is lanolin. Others include: suint, straw, dried grass, dirt, and proteinaceous material. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that waste management plans are not required, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that producers are not required to utilize, track or evaluate waste streams within production processes.

50%

Wool is inherently a biobased feedstock that is renewable, though no commitments to using recycled inputs are shown to be made.

0%

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to wages and working conditions. In particular, there is no evidence of minimum wage/collectively bargained wage, remuneration, entitlements, and/or working time limits.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to forced labor. In particular, there is no evidence of prohibiting direct or indirect benefits from forced labor (in alignment with ILO 29 and 105 and ILO Protocol 29) and eliminating forced or compulsory labor from large producers and managed production networks.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to child labor. In particular, there is no evidence for prohibiting the employment of child labor or young workers to perform hazardous work; and requiring large producers and managed production networks to take steps to prevent or eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The standard content criteria are not met and subsequent more advanced criteria are also not met.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to discrimination. In particular, there is no evidence of steps taken to prevent and address discrimination as defined in ILO Convention 111 and for steps taken to ensure equal remuneration for work of equal value as defined in ILO Convention 100.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to freedom of association. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to respect the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as defined in ILO Conventions 87 and 98.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to occupational health and safety. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for certified producers to implement a health and safety management procedure or system; for certified producers to provide adequate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers performing hazardous work; and for designated responsibility and accountability for enforcement of health and safety policies and/or plans/procedures.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to livelihoods (predictability and stability of income). In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for having a core theory of change that includes increasing farmer income, enhancing livelihoods or improving predictability and stability of producers and own-account workers in fiber supply chains

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to Indigenous peoples and customary land rights. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to respect the legal and customary land rights of indigenous peoples where they exist, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to land rights. In particular, there is no evidence for producers to respect legal and customary land and water tenure arrangements in accordance with national law.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to community consultation and engagement. In particular, there is no evidence of requirements for participatory consultation taking place within local communities to identify, mitigate or address potential conflicts, concerns or impacts and for producers to disclose information on risks and impacts for communities arising from the operation.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to enabling the environment for human rights. In particular, there is no evidence of a process to periodically evaluate and test whether there is a sufficient enabling environment for the program’s theory of change in the countries or regions in which the program operates or is seeking to operate.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements in place to address risks related to grievances and remedies. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to provide for or participate in a mechanism to receive and respond to grievances received in relation to production-level operations; for certified producers to provide for or participate in remediation of key risks identified through the grievance mechanism; and that the grievance mechanism should include the ability for workers to raise complaints anonymously.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that there are no requirements that address risks related to the prevention of gender-based discrimination, violence, and harassment. In particular, there is no evidence for certified producers to take steps to prevent and address discrimination on the basis of sex within the certified operation and for certified producers to take steps to address risks of Gender Based Violence and Harassment (GBVH)

0%

0%

Animal welfare risks take place at the farm level, as opposed to during scouring. These risks include those linked to nutrition, living environment, health, handling and transport, intensity, etc. Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that animal welfare management is not utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some procedures in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that animal welfare monitoring is not utilized to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that animal welfare is not named as a prioritized outcome to address risks at scale for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that food and water are provided to flock(s) so as to maintain production and productivity, which works toward addressing nutrition risks for wool at scale at the farm level.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that living environment is not prioritized to address risks at scale to address risks for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that animal checks, treatment, and breed selection are all utilized to maintain production and profitability, which work toward addressing animal health risks for wool at scale at the farm level.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that good handling and transport practices are not prioritized at scale to address risks for the farm level, even if individual producers have some practices in place.

0%

Where there is no standard system, it is assumed that the most common systems used in production are hybrid (indoor/outdoor) extensive systems, which address some risks at scale for wool at the farm level.

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

Not in scope

 

Key:   

Line 1: Name of standard system  

Line 2: Tier of supply chain assessed:  

  • F = Feedstock (forest, farm or oil and gas extraction)  
  • IP = Initial Processing (ginning, retting and scouring, pulping / fiber)  
  • R = Reprocessing (recycling)  

Line 3: Claims system:  

  • CoC = Chain of Custody claims system
  • MB = Mass Balance claims system

Line 4: Denotes cases where a standard system operates in one country or region only.  

Overall impact area scores are a result of the performance of the standard system, the production process, and by combining the performance of the two or three tiers of the supply chain (e.g., farm + initial processing + chain of custody). 

 

Disclaimer: 

Potential environmental savings (impacts) associated with the use of preferred renewable or recycled raw materials are based on Cascale’s Higg Materials Sustainability Index (MSI) version 3.6. These calculations include only fiber-level impacts, and exclude impacts from finished material manufacturing. For the calculation of full material and product manufacturing and life cycles, please visit Higg.org